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APDONATI{TITqECITilts PAShICTTAHI4E
INVESTIGATIONS IN AREOPAGITICA

TBLITII4CVI 1986 TBILISI

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JelKaulas B ocHoBe Apeolaruruxn. I'lcropus IIoATBePALIJa, qro ape-
o[arlrrcKue rpaKTarbl orHocflTcfl K TBopeHI'IflA{ TaKoto ntaculla6a, No-
ropbre BCerAa 6ygyr rrpI.iB,'IeKarb BHIzMaHHe B rrpoqecce pa3BnTufi
,,6u1ecteeunorl n Qn'loco0ct<oft Mblcrtu.
HsyueHrze rpysnucroit ApeonarzruKu BbIflBHr'Io ee peaJulrce 3Ha-
qeHue B o6qel,r IIoroKe llayqiloro llccdrleAoBaHlq apeonarnrcxofi npo-
S,rel,ratl.rrrz .

Itn npnoercrByeM pa6ory Hayuuoro lreHrpa, [ocBsu].e]*l\rn 6o.nr,-

llur{, eceo6t,el,Inrcutall Bonpocal4 Apeonartlruxu, n us.4anaenlufi
]Ilr c6opuIar. l"ranHoe B ToM, qTo cAe,[aeT 3ToT qeHTi:]. f"laeuoe
B ero 6y,1yu1crt. -
lhorpeccop A;lexceft @E,u,oposffq Jfocee: B reriyuluti hlo]'le]lr co-
eeicxofi Ha,r/KLI lteo6xoAttuo ort\{erlz'I'b Becbt\{a Bax(Hoe flE,leitl4e-3To
tqpex{AeHLIe HayuHoro ueHrpa no npo6,'leiuau Apeonarurati}I ilpu
uayuuofi 6u6nnorexe T6u,ruccxoro rocyAapcrBeHFloro YFII4Bepctzre-
ra. Co6rrrue 3To I.IMeer 3Har{eHHe He ro,rlbKo ,1,r4 lpyerli, lAe atITItrI-
ili,rri HeorrraroHll3M H eto cpeAHeBeKoBafl peKoHcrpyKullfl B ts14.4e
.\p eonaruru K B TeqeHae no,ti yro p arbrctqelerueil acrop III4 rp v:xu cNoll
Qu,'rococpuu orIeHb qacro noABepta,rilcb r,ry6oruu Ilcc.IIeAoBa-
HurM a B XI XIII BB. Ha ocHoBe 3rl4x ApeonarnrnN
-
B03HI{K,'Ia UeJlafl SIIOXa Pegeccagca, ga Hecl{o'rlbKo cro,rerufi
npeAuiecrBoBaBuraq 3a[aAHoMy Peueccaucy. llocro,'tlx)r Ao Flacrog-
urero BpeMeHLI He 6rt.to olpe4er'Iel{Horo z ycroiiuunolo ue[ITpa ]4gyrle-
Hun ApeonarLITIIK, nocroJlbKy orKpblrlte raKolo ueHrpa e T6ultlcu
lo"Ivqaer yx{e He ro,'IbKo o6ulerpysI4HcKoe' Ho Il Bceco}osHoe 3Ha-
IreHue. llpu erou geo6xoAunto cKa3arb, lITo LI 3a py6exoru -rlpeonaru-
TrlKU rr3yqa,rrl,Icb Becb\{a MaJIo B CpaBHeHAI4 C uX OrpOMHblx'I i4cTopjlqe-
cKlrrvr sHaqeHHeM, IIoqeMy u HyN<Ho HaAefiTbc-fl, uro paSorut T6uauc-
cr{oro ueHTpa 6yayr urterl pyKoBoArulee 3HarleHI4e I{ Ailfl oqepeArlltrlx
uccneAoBaIIuil ApeonatI,ITpiK.
Hal'l xore,tocl 6rt orMeruTb raK>Ke, qro rlocl(o,'ibKy aHTlrqllutfi ue-
orJraror-rl,I3M peKoHcTpy[poBaJlcfl B cBq3H c \lecrHblMu norpeduoc'la-
Mn i4 B XpI4CTI{aHCTBe, I{ B IZyAaI43Me' I,I B L{CJIaMe, H HeOA}tCrKpaT}iO
B lrcroplIu 3anaAuoft Enpouu, To rcHo, qro ,rle)Kalllee B ocHoBe Apeo-
ilarr.ITLIK r,ly6orontltc,rre o6.naAaer seo6ltqailso o6o6ulalourlln4 xapaK-
TepoM, cfloco6libI]\,I y.4,oBJIeTBOpfrb. CaMble BbIcoKI{e H CaMble n.ri,v5o-
xne norpe6Hocrll. B yuenuu o r,leroAax nocrpoeHlas ,rortiqecxot) cllc-
TeMbr, o xusofi u ro3THrIecKH HacbllqenHofi Haryp$lloco$Ha, o nn-
I5
{iHT,IX N OSUICCTBEFIHbIX O6flsAHHOCTflX TIC,TIOBCKA I,I3)TqCHIIE APEOilA|I,I_
T{.{li Ac.,(r'liiro cbrrpaTb orpoNrrlyro po,'rb, Aorro,'rHntryi },KPennsn co6orc
ble reHAeFrr{rrI{ coBpeNrer{ I{o li [,lbrc,'ln.
np0[ peccl{ts[{
I{ar r[3tsecrHo, ApecnarulHrl,r, cocroflurr]e us uerlrp€x rpari-
TaTos I{ A8CETI+ llIlCeII, ilpXII1CItrIBA.,rIilCb pailbIXe nepBoilli,' eiln]CiiOtlV
ropo,{a ,A$ru, f.l.Hcuucrro, 6neuIer,{V q.[eH]' a$aactioro apeonara (I
n. n. a.). B 4a"lrrieilruex4 N<e BbrflcHn,rTocb, LITo Hlreercfl Aocraror{iloe
KoJlt{qecrSo ff3L,IKoBbrx, peaJ'IbFil,rx {.i BooSrUe llcropl{qecKlix AaHIiirtx,
I(ori)[]bre no3BorTfiIor orHocr{Tb ilpoxcxox(Aeurie Apeonarl{Tnr{ K 3lio-
xt pagBLLT,rto HeoE,raroHli3l,4a, fipHl,repHo r{ 3iioxe V s. H. a. Bonpoc
3TOT e,,ie II0A,'Ie,:KHT Aa,'ibHeI?ueNiy iI3\',qeHl{lc, HC] Vrie ceilqac Heo6xo-
qTO BCer\rirpHo-14CTOpr4qeCKOe 3t{aqenne ApeonaIIITHK
"4flI,rO CKa3aTb,
FIeCpaEI{LL1/[0 Hiz c XaI{uMH BorIpoCaMLI TipoHo,']Orl{l4 I,l Tollolpa$an ux
ilpOilc\olK,Teirr,rfl. Flo3ro\4y npedcrorr-{l,ee ri3\'r{eHple Apeonailrri4K Aor'r-
,Kr{o ts nepBvfo oqepeAb yrnyS.narlctr B r4x Heo6brr{aiiHoe coAep}KaHue,
E HX i{eflotsTopI4MbIrl r'II4TepaTypHbrii crr.r,'Ib Ir B Te I4X MHOIOq}1c,'IeI{Hbre
n,Io4t'tsmr<aqfir.{, KoTopbre 6yrnanlno paccbrllaHbr fro Bce\{v cBeTy Bor
y)Ke Ha rrpoTfxeH[t4 rro,'IyropbI Tblcqqr4 "'Ier.
Moxuo ro,{bKo xopaAoBarbcg BecbMa Ba)KiroNiy HaMepeHrro Harrlfix
rpy3i{r{cKrrx Ko,/r,rrer LrMerb c[eu[ad'rbHbrit c6opuur< 4,rr ny6nr.rNona-
fxi{fl pasFloo6pasnux apeo[arr4TuqecKr,Ix I{cc,'IeAoBaHuft n noxe,tarl
unn s aroil AeqrerbHocrrz 6o,'rbxr[x ycflexoB. Eyaer rBopI4Tbcfl Ae.IIo I4
odr-u,erpyawucKoro, 14 BcecoIo3Horo, I,I MelKAyHapoAHolo SHaqeHIrfl.
Illpesir4eu:r aKaAeMr.rr Hayr< |CCP, aKaAeMI4K E. K. XapaAae:
l{cc.reAoea{{ne apeolarurcKtix rpyAoB Li ocBeilrenl4e prx po,rll4 B
I{cropur.r rpysr.rHcrofi $anocoQcrofi mF,tc,rE LIMe,r ) cBoIIM c,rIeAcrBLleM
co3r a {r l{e KoHrle[ ttu H Hyuy5Iazlse-XoHl{rMa Ha, 3aBoeBaB[Ieii urnpoNoe
rrp r{3Ha{{r{e"
Hy;r<so cqrzrarb coBeptrreHHo 3aKoHoN{epHI;IM H3,rIfl.lue a Ti5["'Iuc-
cKoM focyliapcrBel{r-IoNI yHLItsepcllrere Flav'IHoro uellrpa apeouarl.{r}l-
H[i fi tsceMepHo npi{RercrBoBarb co3LaHI4e aroro r:6opultxa.
B apeouarrzrirxe Aocrofisoe Mecro 3aHuMarcT fiHTepfifJerau,uu,
Kacanlquecfl acrpoHoNll{Llecxoil sce,'IeHHoI?, Koropble' B cl.{,tt)i cBoelo
YHt'IilepCarTbIlOlO 3HatIeHHfl, gB'rrflIOTCfl CVil,eCTBellHbIM 3,'IeMeHTON{
npgi{rcca @H;rocoocxoro no3HaHljfl B e,'IIlKoro MI]pa uil LIpo.qbI.
){enaenr qeHTpy n"{oAorBopHoto c.rly)Kellflfi ,re,'I-v o6oraltleutts
coKpoEr..ui{,umqur uaueii savnlt.
AeHusa C-vu6a6se
I(a nnu,tlar tpu,rocoQcxti.< u a1 r, npeAccAare,'Ib
,Apel.nir rrlrcxofo llcn r:)rl

t6
 COIUPII,ER'S FCR.EWORD
This collection is the lirst issue rvhich is intended
to refler:t the work of the Scientific Centre oi Areopa-
gitics at Tbilisi University. Ninth l,ears harre elapsed since the foun-
dation ct this Centre at the ScientiIic Library ol Tbilisi University
by decision of its Academic Board.
The rnain air,r ol the Areopagitic Cenire is not only to collect
literature dealing r,vith these probiems and to coilect a special fund
of books, but also to establish contacts among researchers into
these probiems.
The Areopagitic Centre aims at ali-round investigations of Areo-
pagitic treatises and of all problems connected with them; the
sphere of these investigations is very broad, one might say-univers-
al. Areopagitic problems require investigation from different ang-
les:philosophical, theological, theosophical, historical, philolo-
gical, ecclesiastic history, particularly from the angle oi Georgi-
an history, iinguistics, history of arts etc.
It is knou'n that Areopagitic works are treatises of philosophic-
al
- theologlcal nature; they have pla1,gd a fundamental role in
the historyof all the European peoples. It should be emphasized that
they r,i'ere treatises directing Christian thought, and not only Chris-
tian phi{osophers and mystics, but also the Weltanschauung of
poets and artists.
Among the philosophers-theologians, it rvill suffice to recall
that great theologian of Europe, Thomas d'Aquinas. He said that
afier ihe tsible it was the u'orks oi Dionvsius the Areopagite that
played the rnost prominent role in ilie iormaiion of his soiritual be-
liefs; frorn the sphere of arts and literature, sufiice it to mention
Dante Aiighieri's "Divine Comedy", a \\rork completely based on
the celestiai hierarchy of Dionysius the Areopagite.
Areopagitic treatises in the Georgian language date back to the
elevenih centurl' having been translated b-r, the Georgian philolo-
gist and theologian, Ephrem Mtsir6, r.,ho lollowed the instructions
2 o63oJ:6oggq'o doXboSo l7
 of the "di'u'ine philosopher" and "eminent grammarian> Ioann6, as
'"rre
learn from Ephrem Mtsire's testament. It is thought today that
the divine <philosopher> and r<eminent grammarian>fshouid$be iden-
tified rvith Ioann6 Petritsi. Georgian scholars have suggested that
three great Georgian holy fathers, Arsen iqaltoeli, troann6 tretritsi
and Ephram Mtsir6 resided a certain time together in a rnonastery
on the Black I{cunt. It is recognized today that Areopagitic phi-
losophy has greatly influenced the thinking of Ioann6 Fetrilsi and
Shota Rustaveli. Thus, the great coryphaei of o1d Georgian ihor-rght
are inseparably linked ri ith ihe name of Dionysius the Areopagite.
Practically the rvhole spiritual evolution of the Georgiar nation
proceeded from this theorl'.
As is linown, in the nineteenth-tu-eniieth centuries European
scholars ascertained that Areopagitic treatises \\'erc corirpiled
in the fifth centur)-A.D.. that Dionysius the Areopagite, an Athe-
nian bishop who lived in the frrst century A.D., v'as a discipie of
St. Pautr the Apostle and subsequentll'a great authoriiv in the Chris-
tian church; the real author ol the treatises in ciuesiion not only
adopted his name, but in doing so, ue rnight sa1-, l,e porirtectr to
his inspirator. The Georgian scholar, acaclemician Shalrra Nu-rsiibidze
and the Belgian scholar, Ernest Honigmann have independentlv of
each other shou,n, that the author of ihe treatises was a Georgian
monk who lived in Syria in the iifth century; he u'as Fetre tr-beri,
a Georgian prince, heir to the king of Georgia, taken as a hostage
to the court of the Empercr of Constaniinople. The theciry of Nu-
tsubidze-Honigmann imposes orr Georgian science a centain moral
responsibility to carry out investigations and to learn the results
and the resonance oi the said theory ll'hich spread throrighcrut the
worl d.
Although Areopagitic treatises are thought to have been ti're work
of one urriter Dionysius the Areopagite, by one persoi'1 , but from
the text of the treatises and from the author's note itself we learn
that they belong to two persons: to the man who I'rote them and
to his teacher St. Hierotheos. The author calls his teacJrer ,,the
-
great sun" of his theorlr, who directed him and acted as a Xink bet-
ween him and God, initiated him in the divine rnystery of
the celestial hierarchy."vho
Therefore we have issued this first collection of u,orks on Areo-
pagitic problems under the title "lnvestigations in Areopagiticao
l8
 forit implies both Dionysius the Areopagite himsell and a nlnnl-
ber of problems that are linked with him. Manv "E,uiopean" schotr-
ars have dealt rvith the probiem of Hierotheos: P. Ilippler, I. Gru-
mei, I. Hausger, R. Rock, et al .
It is difficult to assert ciefinitely that Hierottr-reos u'as a histc-rri"
cal personal ily. Franz Hippler wroie that scarcel y anyihing is kriou'r-l
about Flierotheos except what Dionysius hin-rselJ tells us in trrls
treatises. And Diorrysius teltrs lts only that Hierotheos lr,'as the sun
of ihe treatises.
Ilierotheos is the conventional name of the hisiorrcal protr,ilpe
oi Dionysius the Areopagite's teacher, just as "Diunysius the -Are-
opagite" is the pseudonym of the actrial historical author of the tre-
atises.
Thus, lr,e are dealing vrrith compositions ci dou1,r1e ar,rthorshipr
rvhere the l'riter incessantiy and coirtinuously ascribes superiori-
t.v and clairvovance to hls tutor. We mighi mentir:rn here the trrte-
rary example of Socrates-Plato urritien by Plato as e descipie ol So-
crates, and simultaneousl 1r, we cannot but recall the fact that ttrre
Christian tone of the treatises greattry resembles the aidactic eprsitt-
lar styie ol the Apostles. In the Greek version of the "l-iie of Fetre
Iberi'' the author tells us thai loann6 Lazi who shared thc same ceXl
u'ith Petre Iberi had a vision ,of the Seccnd conring ancl rvas a
clairr,oyant. Inasmuch as Dir-rnysir,ls the Areopagite presents his
teacher
-
Hierotheos
- as the lather of the theonl which he ren-
ders in his Celestial Hierarchy, then as the identit-v of Dionysius the
-\reopagite and Petre Iberi has been ascertainecl there logicall)/ ari-
sestheproblem of theidentity of Hierotheos and Ioann6 i-azi. in the
"Life of Petre Iberi" they, i. e" Petre and loann6 are as insepara-
ble as Dionysius and Hierotheos are ln the treatise-s. \Ale n'ould Xike
to emphasize here one fact, which v'e think sonretil;res escapes att-
ention: when Petre secretll' leaves the court of the Emperor of Con=
stantinople to become a hermit, renouncing the thrarne in his mo-
therland and the royal crown, he chooses Ioann6 to be hls companion.
They rvalk on their way and sing a hymn tliat they have composeql
tc-rgether. trn the dark they follorv "a cloud or a fiery pillar". Natu-
rally, they could not have composed a hymn about thatpillar beiore-
hand. They sang its praises-the author of "The Life" rvrites-a
heavenly hymn that was sung to a harmonious and sv.'eet
melody.
The author of "The Life" hints at the capacity ol Petre to com-
l9
 .

ilose hymns at his creative impulse; moreover, the author te1trs

of the spiritual companionship and partnership of both Ioanne and
Fetre. They compose together a hyrnn to Christ.
It is stitl a problem to science hovr. lar Ioann6 and Hierolheos
might be identifred. Certainil,, final clarit,v u.i11 be attair-recl in the
r'nture. On our pari r,r,'e wouid 1ilte io add that Dionysrus the Areo-
pagite, catrling Hlerotheos such a ,,great sllt,,, to .,r-hich he can [lard-
[1'13i-sg his eires, calls him not onl y teacher, but a friend as tveli.
Friendship ar-ld love between a teacher and his disciple is al',yars a
preniise of their exalted union"
Science always links this frientj and teacher of Dionvsirrs the Ar-
eogragite r,r,ith Proctrus, as the teaching of Proclus is in ciose connect-
ion u,'ith the philosophical systenr of Dion.vsius the Areopagite.
Atter the l{utsubidze-Honigllrann theory, Ioann6 Lazi ts Ilierc-
tireos. They consider loann6 Lazi to be the man who compileci ,,the
E,len-rents oi TFreology,', the book rvhich u'as used by Petre trberi
- D ronvs ius.
Dionysius the Areopagite calls Hierotheos the compiler of the
'.Elements
of T'heology. (...to! 6.'[LLar,d;rotr 'Jepo$5ou iy, tut,t 8.ec,].c-
yt,xttJ.l o-to,"y.eLtioer,rv,Div" N. tr1, 10)
.

These hynins by Hierotheos indeed aflirm the amazing, uncom-

rnon resemblance which becomes apparent from a con-lparison of
Proe nevan " Etrenr.erlts of Theologrr" and the treatises ol IJiun\ sius
the Areopagite
E.ien at a c[-lr,sory glance one m;iy cneariy see ho$r imperative
iii. has become for European schotrars to devote closer attention to tlie
-Etudy of Proclus through Areopagltics and in Georgia to studv both
Froctrus and hrs tirst interpreter, Ioann6 Petritsi.
\-\,'e think th'al even at a glance lt is clear hori, the Christian-l.Jeo-
qrlatonic epoclr in entire E'.rrope is concerned in the whole ftiys{srt
oI Dionysius-Fetre.
S;ience, scientif rc contacts are a [orrrr of intellectual coexistence
anci lor,e; fr-,r the searching miucl the dionysius mystcrv is a. won-
ik:r'r"Lrl tbing, which tends the scierrliests of man-r counlries.
Eminent scholars and public f igures expressed their satisfact-
icn at the lact of the inauguration of the Scientific Centre for
Areopagitic studies and the publication of its first collection
Academician I t is an indubitable

,fact that the sclentilic library of Tbilisi State University, by

2C
.o:rriucting research into the philosoph.r of the Xienaissance, has
;reaily contributed to the u'orl dwide reputation the Un tlersity
-:l j c'vs.
There is no doubt eiiher that Georgian schotrars havc ll,ortr<ec1
.-.ccessfully in investigations of Areopagitic philosophy. This iact,
-.,,gether with the establishing of a special Scientjfrc Centre l-lave
..-,en Tbilisi a name not only among the Georgian public, but als:o
i the whole ol the Soviet Union.
We deem it necessary to stress that the cultural history ol East
.:d West has many a time reflected the depth c,i throught rvhicl-l
-.es at 'rhe basis of Areopagitics. Hisiory has proved that Areopa-
5;tlc treatises are \\/orks ol such breacith that the,v will never cease
.-, attract the atteniion of scholars in the course of developinent
', social and phiiosophic thought.
Studies in Areopagitics carried out in Tbitrisi jrave shol'n the
:::at importance of the u'crk Cone by Georgian scholars in that
.eld.
We trighly appreciate the r';ork accon-iplishecl 'nv:ne special Areo-
:agitic r-esearch centre unCer lhe auspices cf T'bilisi Unilerslty
:ld rvish success to its collection. The main thing is what this Cenire
".'ril corrtinue r,vorking on. The main thing is its future prospects"
Professor A. F. Losev: The setting up of a ceiltre for Areo-
agitic research under the ausp,ices of the Scientilic {-ib -
. rry at Tbil isi Siaie Un iversity is a most ;rolewortl'iy evetrut
.r Soviet science today. It is indeed a slgnal clevenop-
rent not only for Georgia where antique Neoplatonic phito-
-.rphy and its reconstruction in the Midcile Ages iil the form of Are-
,pagitics found proiound investigators and their ioliorvers in the
:.Lrrse of fifteen centuries; while in the llth i3th centuries Areo-
:agitics gave rise to a period of Renaissance- sotle centuries earli-
-i than the Renaissance in the West. There ncr having existe.d
:ntil quite recently a definite and permanent centre for Areopagr-
:icstudies, the fact of such a centre having been set up in Tbilisi ac-
luires significance not only for Geor-gia, but aXso lon the rvhole of
:he Soviet Union. It should also be mentioned that research into Ar-
topagitic philosophy carried out by foreign scholars is. unfortuira-
:ely, out of all proportion to its tremendous historic signiiican-
;e; therelore there is everl, hope that the r,rrork of the Tbilisi centre
I'ill serve as a guiding light for future research in t.his 1ine.
We should also like to reilark that inasmuch as antique NeopXalo-
2L
nisxn $,as reconstrmcted accordirrgto tire local requirements of chris-
ftanity, ol Judaisnt. of Islam, as weltr as a number of lirnes inlhe
history of Wesien:l Europe, it is evident that the profound ideas
lorming the basls of Areopagitics bear an uncommonly generalizing
character capable oi satisfying the highest and most exacting re-
quirements. Research into Areopagiiics should play a tremendous
part supplementing and supporting the progressive trends in con-
telnporarl, thourgLrt concerning the methods of constructing logical
systems, of vivid, poetical natural philosophy, the personal and so-
cial duties of rnan.
As is knou,'n, Areopagitics, comprising four treatisesand ten cpis-
tnes, u'ere earnier ascribed to Dionysius, the first bishop of Athens,
:l former member of the Athenian areopagus (lst century A. D.).
AI a later period, suificient lingurstic material , and, geneially, his-
[q,rrical evidences r,vere discovered to ailorv scholars to refer the ap-
Xrearance of Aretrpagitics to the epoch of r,vell-advanced Neoplatonic
pta[1osophy, i. e. to the 5th century A. D, or thereabouts. This prob-
trem requires t-urther investigation. It rs, however, just the time to
tate thai ttre rvorld-wide significance of Areopagitics is above con-
sidenations oi chronology or the locality where this philosophy
originated. Thenefore, future research into Areopagitics should first
of all focus on ttrelr uncommon content, on their inimitable litera-
ry style and on their numerous modifications rvhich have spread
Iiterall), all over the urorld in the course of fifteen centuries.
\Ve can only welcome the highly appreciable intention ol our
Georgian co treagLres to start a special collection for publishing pa-
pers on Areopagltic research and wish them success in their ll,ork,
a matter of national Georgian, All Union and international _sig-
niiica nce.
Fresident of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR
Acaciemician Evgtmi Kharadzet Investigation of Areopagitic probl-
ems and the def inition of their signif icance for the hist.ry of
the Georgian pniiosrphy led to the Nutsubidze-Honigman the-
ory. This theory gaind a wide recognition.
Ftrence it seems quite natuial that a scientif ic cen tre for
Areopagitic piobieins has been founded at the Tbilisi state Uni-
rrersitv we inusi rvelcome rvith joy the foundation of a special
e*llcction oi the Centre,
nt is esserailal and quite natural that Areopagitics deal with
the irrrages and [nterpretations of the astronomicar wonld; these
22
Master of Philosophical Scien
Head of the Centre of Areopagitic
Problems.
 A. O. IOCEB

KOFICTPYKTI,IBHbII{ CMbICJI APEOEATMTCKOTCI

ilEPEOFIALIAJ'IA

Custcrr Beuu ecrb ro, qex,{ o.4Ha Belqb orrtLiqaercf or B{Fh{rti Apy-
roii Belqu, T. e. oH orBer{aer Ha Bonpoc (qro raxoe x.aEHZs Belqb).
Koucrpyxrungltti cl,lr,tc,rl, B cT,']i'lLiIle or lr'Io6ar'IbHolo, lJJl{ IjepacqJle-
HeHHO|O, HelrpoaHaJM3upoBaHHOlo CMbICJIa, eCTb TaKOfi CllblCr'I, ts KOTO-
pou $uNczpyercfl npHHuI4n ero rccrpoeHI4fl, ocHceaul'11'lli Ha 3ToM
npzHql4IIe MeToA IIOCTpOeIII4fl COCTaBFIbIX 3,'IeMeHTOB Cl,lbic'rlii I1 nOJIy'
qeHHbrrl B pe3y"rlbrare npu\'ieHeHut 3Toro MeroAa 3aKoti L-ocrpoeHI'Ifl
u $yuxuuou14poBaHLifl Bcelo orAeJIbFIolo u eAxHLiqFlolo, I13 Eero coc-
Torzr AariHbrft clttc,r. @opl'ty,rHpoBarb xoHCTpynrueHuii cl\lblc.ri EeIrIIl-
3Harrr4r Qzrcuponarb cLicreN{y orl{oueHIIii, HNIeIoUyrc 4.nl ceSa lre-
cro e c$epe AaHHoro c\4brc,{a KaK B c$epe s-eroeit o6xu}rocrll 14

IIE,IIbHOCTI{.
tlro6sr onp eAe,'IHrb KoHcrp yKrusHr,tfi cMsIc"'I apeorlar urcxoro ilepBo-
Hartara, ueo6xoAul,to npeN<Ae Bcelo yrrl4TblBarb ro, qrO He -Etsi-IEercfl
efo KoHcrpyr{TaBHbIIu cN{bic,TIoM, Ho npe)KAe ecero 6pocaerc.q ts r,\a-
3a npI4 o3HaKoM,'IeHI.l14 C TeXCTOU ApeOlarurux. BpocaercE ]?ie B lr'Ia3a
nper{Ae Bcero BecbMa IJHTeIIcIIBIJO pa3BUBael,rltit runep60'Eur{ecxuft
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xeHHoto BocreBaHLIfl sTOfO [epBor],avara 14 npeBpallaer B 3ToM OT-
HolreHI{Li rexcr ApeotratnrllK e cn,ro[]Hofi BocxBarllre"nrmulti II4MI{
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coBepueHHo HeBO3MOIKHO rIOHflTb 3TO apeolarl4TcKoe reptso]xaqa,lo u
ycBor4Tb elo IIoA,'IliHHylo lllMllIlqecKylo cyIqHocTb' oluano ara Boc-
Top)KeHHarI pxroptrKa apeonatlrTCKux reKCTots 3ac,rlylxunael oco6oro
I4CC,rIeAOBaHUfl, KOTOpbll't l',tt't cetltlac He 3aHiiMael\{cfl, a BMecTo KOTo-
poro xoreJrlz 6u Hauerurb aHaJrvg He puropllKl{, Ho l{oHcr llyKTHB-
HOrO CMiicJa apeolarllTcKolo nepBoHar{a,,'la.
3aAaAuu ce6e npex4e Bcero raKori Borlpoc: fioqel{y llcrr; a4o6u"locn.
24
 ApeonaruruKaM Bo3Hoc[irb cBoe [epBoHarlar'Io croJTb BbrcoKo: qro o]tro
oKa3a,lrocb 3Aecb He ToJtbKo Bblllre Bceto oTAe,llbHoro, Ho ]4 He.4OCTyrr-
HbIM Hu A,Tfl KaKoro npeAr.irlr4poBaHz_s? He ecTE, r'rrr aro raxofl orllbnB oT
.leficreure"'rtHocru, uro ApeolatnTrrKr4 oKa3biBalcrcfl B n,qeuV caMor-o
nplrHIIIirrHa,lrbHoto I,i caMoto HelpeoAo/Tr4Moro AyaJ-rr4sN,ra? ]'1 noodLue,
IlMeercfl ,ltr B TeKCrax Apeonarurux xaxoft-uu6yrrlt paurroua.nunr,rii
noAXoI K 3Tol\ry Herro3HaBaex,roMy nepBouaqanv? tr4nn ouo AericrBHre.ijr,-
Ho flB"rlflercfl ToJrbKo cn"lonuoti HellogHaBaeL,tocrblo, I.I Ha 3ToI4 nvx{xjo,
KoHrlr.rrb BCe paccylKAertr4fl o seu? B oreer Fia Bce raKoro poJ.a EirnLro-
cbl MbI AOJ'IX<HbI KaTeIOpI4rIecKX 3aflBI.LTb, rrTO apeonattjTcKoe ijepts0-
Har{a,rio BoBce He tB,'lgeTcfi pe3y/'rbTaTonr o;1Hoti BocTop}KeT{Hoir plito-
pr.iKli u BGBCe He ecrb trzrep6o,rrrlsM, .qoxoArrquri Ao HenpeoAo,'ruMoFo
.!,ya,]lz3Ma U alHOCTI4ULlSX,,Ia. Cefi.{aC lvrbl 3TO fIOKa)KetvI Ua UOOCletlUillX
ri AalKe o6trearenrcNux npeAMerax.
llpouHraeu ro, qro JierruH roBopu,'r o craKaHe, KorAa ililolt3r:ocl{,?n
cBoro perrb o npo$corcsax.
<Craxau ecrl, 6ecclopHo, Lr crernsnur,tii rIr4Ju4HAp, n r.rHCTp)/tlteiir'
lluTbfl. Ho craxaH IlMeeT He To.itbKo 3TIl ABa ceolicrea Iir-IIj tia-
.l,r'Ifl
rlecrBa uJlH cropoHu, a 6ecror,reqlloe Ko,'ruqecrBo Ap)'trrr ceoficrn,
liar{ecrB, cropoH, B3aHMoorHoueFrIlri, (onocpeACTBoeaHr.]il) co BCeM
ocra"rlbHlilM N{r4po},{. Craxag ecrb rfl)Ke,rrufi lpe4lrer, xorcptifi h4oiKer
6rtlo uucrpyMeFrroM 4,rn 6pocaung, CraxaH Moxer c,ryx{rJrE iiaK npecc-
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coBCeM, vr raK Aa,ree Li roMy nogo6noe.
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6t't, yrorpe6,lss :ror craKaH, u r. n. Ec.rru >Ne Mue HylKeH craKaFI Ile
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ctex,lgHHbtfi rIu,lILrHAp, TOtAa Ar'Ifl MeHff TOALlTCfl U CTaKaFr C rpeUllrnOft
B AHe A Aaxe BoBCe 6e: 4Ha rr r. 1,.
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,rsr), Seper Qopua.irluue - onpeAe,rieHr.ifl, pyKoBoAcTnlrqg6
- T€M, trlro HZH-
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25

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TO,'I L i{O.

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d{ro6ur Eeftcreure.nbHo 3l{arb npeAMer, HaAo
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tr1: :loro paccylKAeHr{r Mo)KHo c,ler'rarb l,rHoro BecbN{a Bax{lrrrrx
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r{etsr{iltr{x{M,
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-irex,rquiruil.
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-
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.,TI{I{ApLrqHOCTb BOBCe He eCTb CaM CTaKaH. I{n"rnU4pUVeH TaK)Ke KapaH-
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L B, Vl,. JI e s u u, ilo;lrr. co6p. cou., r. 42, c. 288-.291.

26
6oft ocoSenuocrlr AaHHofi eequ, floarolry, ec,rr.I Nrbr cKalKeM, r{To Kaxi-
Aafl Beulb B ocuoBe cooeft 6ecnpenuKarFra, To 3To Slr1sr nnonue oqeBrr-
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xapaKTepoNt, rlocKo,'ibKy ono e ceoeft ocHoBe HaKaKITM Ito,Tox{I4Te,IL,-
HbIM npeAflKaroM He o6,raAaer? Calro co6or1 pasyilreercfi, rrro Apeola-
xltrr,rKrr B{-ltsce He 3aHrrrbr ro.{bKo l{orrc'rll) KTuDi{o-cMbicJoeoil xapaxre-
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cTaKarra Io/Tr,K0 IIep€9r.rcr'r€Hr]er\,r eto paaHoo6pasHlrx csolicrB, xoTfl
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JipeA[lKaTr[ocTr] To]Ke HeBo3Mo)(FIo. i}Olr.r Ma,lootrbrTHbre n QanocoQ-
,cKIrx paccyxi,1eHr.rflx us 6ecupe4rKarrlocrr4 repBoHar{a.rra Nroryr ror-
.qac ).Ke cAe,Tarb BbrBoA o ero a6co,ryrcruofi Heilo3HaBaeMocrt{. Ho ec,rru
MbI Bcep beS 3aAa,lllcb Ue"IbIo Sop u,V,,r upoBarb KoHcrp yxrueHtrii cMbrc,.r
"nro5oft Berr{[{, a B ToM r{ucr']e raK}Ke r{ apeonatr4TcKoto nepBoHar{a,rra,
ro a6conror{rafl HanogrraBaeMocrb cpa3y )Ke orrtaAaer. B cal,lona .qe,re,
qero nr:o6xo4rzruo HaxoArlTb B Beulri ee 5eclpeluKarrrBHyro ocnoB','?
"qrrr
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Bnue ceoiicrBa 14 rrro HB,r]ffercfl l,tx lrocr4Te,,'Iett. Catut i{ocr.rre,Tb csolicrB
fle Mo;'{{er 6ull roxe C;IHllM Il3 cBoLicTB BeIIII1, noToM,V riro B 3ToM Cjly-
qae raK".re HoclrreJrrrcreo ceoiicre Beulrl rolKe HyiKHo 6rr,.ro 6or npuni{-
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csofi cre. CneAoearenlrio, Secnpetrrxarriufi cMbrc.Jr BexIH, r.i,rr.i 6ecupe-
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ceolicre-
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anoQaea'recKurvr, T. e. orpr{rlare,rbr{bi[,r, u 6ypyrtw HeoxBargb]M HI,I .4Jr_rI
KaKIlx cnol4x cBof,crB, B To )Ke caMoe BpeMfl flBJrtrerctr qetvt-To Nararfa-
TuqecKr4M, T. e. r{eM-To yrBepAr{Te,rbHblM, rrB,rrsercfl socrareleu 6ec-
KoHer{HtIX ctsor?cre, KoropbrMr.{ oHo I{ xapaKTepu3yercq. Ceou\,Iu cacil-
27
crBat\,r'I H]]'lKaKafl Beurb He LicqepnblBaerctl H B To;Ke carvxoe BJleMfl OHa
HMk xapaKTepr{3yercq, r. e. oHa rrpu ux rroMorr{r4 rr03Haercfi, [onyc_
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6rr ucrrrrcqrrr BcflKyro Bo3MolKHocrb KaKoro 6nr ro Hfi 6h,r;lo o Herl
npeAcraBJresuv'. A 3TO 3Haqu,To 6lr se r4Merb Bo3Mo)KHocrr.t cKa3arb o
neti Aax<e I,I Toto, qro oHa Heno3HaBaeMa, Aax{e roto, rITo olla ec.l,ir BeIrIb.
I{ Aa)Ke roro, qro oua noo6qe ecrb, cyxl,ecrByer. Ho n raNol,l cJlrq2g
paccyx<AeHr're o6 aSco,trorHofi HenoeHaBaer,rocrr eeuleri eoGsxre jlur{ero
H HH O qeM He yrBep)KAa,Io 6rr, r. e. npeBparr.lirocb 6br B rrlcrocrrroBZo
lioalouy Hen03HaBaeMocrl, Berrlrz B Koucrp)rKTLiBHo\,r cNrbrc.'Ie cJroga ecrb,
TOTbKO npI4HrIr'r[ Bo3MO)KHOCTH npr.]xticblBarb BeIqI Te rJ.rtu uHbre ee
csoficrea.
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HflTr{e BceliHocru, u,e,,IocrHocrn rrJru Bceqe,'rocrHocru. B caMor\4 jiedlre,
I\{}Ip ecrb coBoKyrrFrocrb Bcex seuleii, eto cocraBJlflrourl4x. Fic rorla
KpoMe vrzpa roo64e Huqero He cyqecrByer ir MHp He c qei\{ cllaBrj}.IBa,r'b,
MLipy Henb3fi llpr]nucarb Hr.rKaKoro ceoftctna, noroM.v qlo rce csoii_
crBa, Koropbre Mo)KHo 6lr,rro 6lr rpr4nr4carb MT4py, yxe 3aKr,tKlqeFrbr E
HeM caMoM, pa3 oH AeficrslrenbHo oxBarbtBaer Bce. C,re4onare.tluo,
lrHp ecTb r{eKoeto poAa HoBoe KarrecTBo, KoTOpOe y}Ke He cBo,qrTcrr Ha
orAe.rlbHbre tseqn x Ha orAe,'rbHr,Ie ceoficrea neqeli. Con;lue BXoAr4T E
cocraB Mr.rpa, Ho He ecrb carur,rfi rnrup. ,T1'ua roxie BXoAr4T B cocraB MI,r-
pa, Ho rolxe He ecrl caur,rfi iuHp. A rAe xe caulrr? nup? Oueeu,luo,
3ro ecrb HoBoe H or,rruqHoe or BCex neqeii MHpa KaqecrBo, KGTopoe y;l<e
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6e. 14 gror [przFrur]n, xoroptrr? Bbrue Milpa, neodxo4rznr KaK pa3 A,rrn
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$aruuecxzru, Tyr )Ke, rrpr4 nepBoM >xe [p]rxocHoBeHr{u K FreMy nantefi
MbIC,IIZ, seo6xoAHrnrerinruu o6pa3oM oKa3brBaercr raK)Ke u xara$aru-
rIecKVl\,I, yTBep!,LiTeJ.rbHbIM, r{eM-To yTBep}KIaeMbIM r'r yTBeil;"H,AaioilIuM,
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6ecrpeguxarHocrr.i Ir npeAr.rxarr{ocrr4. B rona BuAe, KaK Mbt r]peAcraBr.I-
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28
3Ko rrporr4BoirocTaBJreribr oAHa Apytor? il cd.lltrlxoM 6esoroeopouno rlgod_
pax{eF{;rt B cBoetvl B3aUMHOM TO)KAecrBe. He zueercg JILI 3AeCb KaKoro-
uu6y1a rr e p ex oA a, KaKoto-Hu6yU, LB r,,x<e H I4 fl , KaKoto_
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crBa' rtr lro ne/'laercfl FIaNIU rloroMy, qro caMa Berrb co ncera caoeii cylu-
Frocrbto r{ co BceM cBOliM cMbrcJIoM nepexoAI.{T OT OAHOTO csoficrea x
.ApyroN{y, c r a H o B i.r r c -rr ocBeuaenaoft rel,flr i.i,[r.{ rzHF,rMrr ctsorrMrr
csoficrearvu.{. Beur BCerAa ABI4)Kercg, u eri acerxa ceoficrseHHo ca-
MOpa3BfiTX4e. oHa ecrl xax 6lr npeAer'r BceBo3NrolKriux npri6"rux<eenft
x uef,. Ee cyrquocrb Bce Bpe\{rr craHoBLirc.tr lruori u HHOfi, ro 60"ree o6-
rqefi, To MeHee o6rqefi. Apyruur.r cJroBaMr.T, Mbi He ouH6er,rca, ec,ru ctr(a-
)KeM, qro cjilqHocrb Nax,loii Bexlu, KaK 6u oua Ha 6lr"la frocronHr{a r{
)/crofiqr'rBa, npe6uraer B rrocroflHFrori rexyuecrIl ]r ecrb, coScreeuHo
roBopflr. TeKyr{at cyulHocTr,.
tr4 e ceoeil flo3HaB?T€r'rruoii 4eare,rbHocrr.r tr,ru gericreure,TbHo flepe-
XOAI,IM OT CYUI,HOCTCfi NCPNOTO NOPgAKA, T. C. MAKCIIMAJIbHO BHEIUHI4X,
K
cyuHocrfiM tsTopolo' Tperbelo rtr' r,. llopflAKa, T. e. K cylqHocrflM Bce
5o,ree oHyrpeHHr.rM. Bo4a, ec,ra ee 6parl KaK cyrrlHocrb nepBoro ,,o-
p.fiAl{a, ecr6 coBoKVIHOCTb rex ee cnolicre, Koropbre r,rlt na6nrc4aenr
a o60r4erunoit >*<ttsHr4i BoAy MOX(HO ]lr]rb, ero Mox{Ho NrblTbcf
, tsoAa
HrlcnaAaer cBepxy B BI4,qe 4ox<gn. Ho Bor xHMr{, t,qacr1T, r{To tsol
AA CCTb COCAI,IHCHI4C ABYX ATOMOB BOIOPOIA X OAHOIO ATONIA KI,ICJIO-
po4a. Fio, oqeBr.rAHo, 3ro ylKe cyu,Hocrb Broporo nopflnKa. Aa,llureur,r
Mo)KeM 3aHfirvlarbcfl BollpocoM o roM, r{To raKoe BoAopoA, Kecilopoil LI
xr-rMr4qecKoe coeAr{HeHrie, qro raKoe aroM, r4 aro 6y4yr cyrqHocrr{
Bce
6onee nny6oKoro nopflAKa. LI zror trpr.rHL(i.itr reNyueri cyrqHocrr.r ecrlr
npIiHaA,Te)KHOCTb 14 XaxAoil eequ noo6u1e, u BCeX neqerl, BMecre BSq-
TbIX' ft , cJIeAoBare,'IbHo, Bceto apeonarurcKoro ]]epBoHarraila. llpe4e,r,
IIllKolAa I{€'{I'IKo}/I Fie ACcrIlxI'lnnblll, aenf ercfl , oAllaKo, yc,rloB[{eM Bo3-
MO)KIXOCTLI 6eCXoneqnoto qtic/'Ia noSHaBaTeJlLHbtx aKToB.

Tar<uu obpasonr, KoHCTpyKTueirrtri cl'rlrcr'i apeoilarnTcKoro rrepEo-

llaqa'Ta cE0Ar4TCfl K TOMy. qro ol{o ecrb npeAe,rr 4,un 6ecxoHeqHbrx IIo_
3HaBaTe.Ir,FIbXX 14 X<U3HeHHbIX K Het\,ty npra6;rux<entrfi, ,Iro oHO eCTb
MercA no3rraBaHr4fl r.t xa>x10ft or4e.trHorl BeIrI4 B ee coOTHorreHr.IL{ C
' 6ecNoue,{Hoii
4ertcreHre,'rbfiocrllo! 14 FraKoHeu, 3aKor] yrtopfiAoqeFrflfl
xaorEqecxoli geiicrnure/,jbHocru nyreM rtprzBeAeHHa ee x qeneccoo-
pa3FroMy BCeeAHHCrBy. 3axos (Bce Eo Ecea4) I]pflNro
$opviynrapyercf
B rpaKrare <O 6oxecreeHHbrx rrMeeax> (I, Z, bg6 C).
 Taxorl NoucrpyxrueHntfi cMbICiI apeorrallzTcKoro ilepBoHaqara'
rBJlgercfl oclIoBHbIM, nepBoHar{ar'IbHblM 14 SJieMeHTapHltlll. cyuecTByeT
I4 MHOIO Apylllx, He OrIeHb nepBoHar]a.rILHbIX KOHCTpyKTIIBIIO cMbIcJIO-
Bbrx cBoricTB nepBoilaqa,'Ia. Ho o Hilx ciie,(yer loBoprTb cneul4aJlbHo..

J. R. qmbc3O
JdrrfrlJJ'A06Uq0 J063Ce80t&%0ti dir]5b6da?dOOtePO Jbdt0

63%o933
u63c., J; g,-.$p q'o Jo633 q'3o%3'6o[, 3o5L'6d'g j go2q,o rloln.' QooUBd-
59b,: ?33p33%5: 3l-' ,:CooL %q3o6o 3Lr1163q'or ?333353bo01o Qu\ Ucrlgooro
3oubq,-Sbolro 3ut-,or"6, 6c.r8 cL o6oir,:3d,,3or33 33orcoq,o Uc,r3!qn Guq36
oq3bpq,o Lo36ol-, ?333363boL0 3L':l-'rilqe [,o5.3q,3oq';l-,orc5 3n3o6or3bo-
to, q,ubc.rq'cnL,, o6ot-, 3u6c'r5o, 6co33q'o3 rflXL6o33bb joco$3rr L'cS':3q:3o-
q,3L 3o%u5L,fl6ogpq 36oroo6cnbo3q,3 SoLo 3oy3o6oc'r' 3o6cn6o (y"33qn33
ycn3gq,o33to) Jo6qoJo6 gc.,63pq-oco3bpq,oo 5droj6o6to,,q3arr;1b6o3o

A. F. I-OSE\I
CONSTRUCTIVE SEI.,JSE OF TIJE AREOPAGITIC FIRST-IJIIITV
SummarY
The constructir,e sense of the areopagitic first-unity may be re-
duced to the follorving' it is the limit for the iniinite cognitive and

clearly formulated in the treatise ,'on divine names" (1,7 596 c)'
This constructive sense of ihe areopagitic first-unitv is basic,
primery and elementary. There exist a lot of other constructive
sense qualities of the first-unity, which are not as primary as the
one we have discussed above, but they should be given special at-
tention and be d iscussed separately'
30
I

A. A. TAXO-fOAH

IICIXBAfiA CJIOBy B TPAKTATE (DE DIVIIJIS NO,\,\lNiEUS)

O2ilrzlr ux lrHTepecHefinrur npori3BetreHuft ua pydexe rElx Ber'iu-

Kux 3nox, aHTIlqliocru r.r cpeAileBeKoBbff, flBJflercfl Tpalirar rDe
divinis nominibus>r (nropax ro.toEuHa \/ -- \ri ea. a. a.). Cu orno-
cliTCrl K KOptrycy TaK Ha3brBaer,ibrx apeolatLrTcKnx co,ruueu.l.rfi.
,Iiureparypa, Kacarorlaflcfl crropHoro Bolpoca o6 aeropcrse 3roro
TpaKrara, vpeseuuariHo o6ruupHa, raK qro aETop Ao cr..tx nc,p ulr"ry-
pupyer rroA BrroJlHe yc,roBFlbrM r.iNteFreM ficen4o-!,uoHrzcv,rr Apeona-
tura. OcraeJrflfl B cropoHe npo6,rerlrsr arprdyuHu 14 cneqrlalrbuc-@ri-
,roco$cxze, npr,IB,'IeKarcl]l,lrl MHot14x r.rcc,.reIoBaTe,refi arllx 3aI'aAo-
r{HbIX coquHeur.rri, Mu xorr.rvr odparurl BHuMaHr.re Ha nx crH,rrrlcrirri€c-
Kylo l,r s3biKoByro cneqz$nNy, Koropaq recseriilunl o6pasorui ctsF3aHa c
HeKoropbrr4u xapar(TepHbrMa IJ'r_E eceil aFrrHr{Hocrrr rpaXuurlfilru fipr4
orIICaHr,ru coBepueHHoto npeAt4era, 6yN. To ApeBuee 6oNecreo u,till
II"IraroHoBCKufi 4eunypruqecxurt ycrporire/rb KocMoca.
KaN xopouo I43BecrHo, [o3AHeallTr4qlrafl Jrl,rreparypa tscerAa or-
,1Irqa/racb pecTaBpaTopcKr,rMLr TeHAeHUr.i_sMU. I4Hlre ytg snx6nr,ri.r tsllo"rHe
orKpoBeHHL,r H cralru Hopr,rorl, ceu4ere,rlcieyroulefi od usdupare",rr-
HOM 3UaHrrlt K,'IaccuKri, onpeAe,IeHHbrx BKycaxz npacTpacTu.ax. fpy-
rHe' He crodrb flBHbIe' cKpblBa"r]'{cb B cIlMBo'TIlr{ecKHX 3K3ete3a-x
u air/'reroprnx. Tpaxrar HeorrrraroHuxa llopSupur (III s. H. a.) <O re-
qepe HHlr$) npeKpacHoe cBr.rAere.rrbcrBo neucrpe6nuoft .4o rroc,,reA-
-
HI4X BeKOB aHTLrqHOCTr.i Xa)KAbr eAI4HeHZf C npolxJlblMl. SCrernqecxne
TeHAeHiIHr.r Heolr'raroHrrxa llporna (V e. u. a.) n ero KoMMeHTapuH K
rr-laroHoBcKol'ty <Ttzlrero>z nupaNaror u tro-cBoeMy o60raqatol uH-
TyHUr4vr, TrznflqHble 4,rr spe"rori r<Jraccr4KLr.
CounHeaue, KoropoMy rrocBflrrleHa AaHHa.s pa6ora, $opua.aruo
HC OTHOCHTCfl HII K )KAHPY ?HKON{I4fl, HIZ K )KAHPY THMHA. 3rO YUCITE,III
TpaKTar, nocraBzBrxr.iii eo ecell ocrpore 14 c"rro>KHocru BecbMa clu{ec_
TBeHHyIo v /^nr aHrllqHocrrr, u r.rfl noc,'renyiorrrzx 3rrox npo6.ueuy
I{MeHLi H [peAMera Har{Mer{oBaHrzn. O4uaxo HoMaHairHq ;rrc60ro npe4-

3l
&{eTar B[;ToTb Ao caMoro Bo3BbIII]eHHolo' Bceila cBfl3aI-{a ts aHTIIqHoii
TpaAr{qI{I{ c BbIflB,'IeHI4eM eto OHTOr-.IOfIZr{eCKoIi cvlllHocrt4 O6fl3are,'Ib-
HO r{epe3 MHO}KeCTBeHHOCTb nMeH.
Ag'rri,{F{ocrl c caMbrx ApeBHrzx BpeMeH nprrMeHfl,la 3Tor r{pr4rrliurr
A,ryfl orIKCaHi{r] tr;lear'rbHoro ni]eAxtera, 6oxecrea vJ[ tepoH, tur$o"ro_
ft{qecKof{l ii r4cTopilqecKoto, 3aKpefiI]B 3ToT npr.rHrlr,rrr B cneqfla,lbHo
norpa6o'raunbrx )KaHpoBlrx Sopl,rax (roxBa,rbr>, TaKr.lx KaK rflMH H 3H-
l

xonqttir. Occ6euuo rtpuN{errare,lbHbr B 3ToM l]flIV OpQrruecr<l,re tr4r{Hrrl

(lII n. ;to ir. a.) a rriMHbr flpor.na, npeAcraB.rrfliorqne co6ori co6paHue
odparu,enraii K 6oxecreaM, TaK Ha3brBaeMbrx 3rrriK.te3r rTeKci{qecKoe
lvlf{Oi'l{ecTtso KOTOpLIX XapaKTepLISyeT BCe CeN{aHTlrqeCKOe 60taTCTBO
I,[i\reHri KaK HalrBbrcuero o6o6u1enua.
trlo,vxe 'v ll'raroua e (Tr.rNree> ubr HaxotrrJr\,r nonbrrKy ornlcarl a6-
co,Tr{rT iiepe3 rlerbr.ia prl HariMer{oBa}tuit, gtn Koropbrx cyliecrBeHHbr
Tmnr{r{Hbre coMarzr{ecKr.re rr AeMlzyptuqecKlie reuAeHr{u[. Xorq ll"ra-
To[r ftNrex{yer ceoft a6co,r}or 6oxecreoN4 r.r nepeoo6paeolr (29 a), uo 4,rrx
Hefo oH Bce-TaKIz [per]MyIqecTBeHHo ycTpol{Te,'rb, r4trrr.I cocTaBuTe,Tb
(aynistas" 29 e, 30 c, 32 ct), cK,rraAbrBalorqzri (suntheis, 33 d), ceasyrcqurl
(synclesas, 43, e), rrpHr'ralKHBZroulraii (36e, 41 b). OH qeKar{ur.{K (32 e),
crporrrer'rb (36e), rBopeq (poietes,28 c,38c, 40a) , Macrep-AeMrlypr
(dernioyrgos) (28 a,29 a, 40 c; 41 2 C, 42 e, 47 e, 68 e, 69 c). Eo-
-
.nee roro, 6oxectno, co3llAaroxlee KocMoc, ecrb He r{To LIHoe, KaK orelr
(28 c" 37 c,42e), 6tarofi. (29 ae,30 a), pasynruuil a paccyx4arcllurl
(38 c), eeunocyuluil (34 a), poAure,rb nce,reuuoii (al a).
ApeonarHrcxwit rpaNtar, KaK Mbr yBHAuM Hr.{x<e, Becb [peAcraB-
,lse:r coSoio BocxBa,'reHrie rr IIpoc"IlaB;.i€H14e rrAea,{bHoto a6co,tiora,
tsL,rcilriro Enara. llepel Ha\r[ coqilFrenrze, c flBHo gHKoMr4acruqecKr.{Mr,r
r{epTaM1'{! I{a[ncaHr]oe B tuMFrfiqecKoM Ayxe I4 ocl{oBaHHoe Ha ci.ICTe-
Marr{rrecKr.i upoBoALINroM rrpriHrrune Nou6rHauur.t lrpeAMera BoctreBaHlrfl.
H sgecn rtsepAafl y6ex4eHuocrb B ucKoHHoM AJrfl aHTrzquoto co3ua-
H14fi eIfir{cTBe npeA[{eTa Har.{MeHoBaldl4fl u ero ]4\,reHI4, yKa3btBaroulex{
ifa oFiror'rotrHqecKoe, a He (topnra,r]bHoe IroHltMaHIre o6osgaqaelrofo IJ
o6o:uauarouleto.
Bnonne B Ayxe n,'IaroHoBCKorl rparlurlNrI Irccileilvercrr B AaHEIoM
coqilueHr{Li tsotlpoc o cyrriHocrlr BL,rcuero E,'r&r& r.{ Ae,Taercfl tro-
ilbiTKa IaTE, eIO [O"rrHOe Ofrtlcar]]4e, Onepupvf Li[{er]aN,tr.r ?o BCeNr
i,IX reKCtr{{€cKor'r Muoroo5paslir.r lr aceri rix repl4r,ruo,lorra,{ecKoii roq-
triocTi,t.
Aerop rpaKTara l{cxoAxr }rB BrloJ,rrHe ecrecrBeHHolo rt o6ocsoBaHHoro
aHTI,IrIHoft rpa.4ui1r&r re3tica o roM, qro ((6eccN{blc,ile{iHo)) (alogon;
"q/Tfl
 *l:

q!.o6oL3 r&gerSoggqo- bg6dFgq'o bo$o-

[r ((HeBe]Kec'rtseHHo)) (scaion) IIpr.lHuMarb Bo BHaMaHxe BHeruHHe OSoporrr
'cJroBa, raK cKa3arb ciloBecHyro o5onour<y (lexis), a He ero (3r{aqerjr4e))
(dynanris). Xapaxrepiro, r{ro Boc,'pr.rflrHe [ycrr]rx, unw, 6yxnaJrbHee,
foJIbIX 3ByKoB (echoys psiloys) 6ee euz\,raHrrfl K roMy, r{ro o3Haqaer
(semai;rei) AaHHoe Bbrpar,{eHr.re (lexis) , cr{HoHr.{M[qHo 3rec5 HeBe]Kec-
rBeHHocrH, a, rorrHee, rpy6onry u HevMejjoMy o6pauleurro (70g bc
lligne):3" Tar<ofi roAxcA He raer Bo3r,rolKHocrr.i (rporrcHirrs> (diasa-
phenai)cMbrcJr c/roBa raKlKeri[p]r rro\4ouln 6nuzxux eMV no 3HaqeH[ro
o6oporon (hornodynamon lexeon) . 3ar,rerau, qro corJlacHo aHT[r{-
uoii rpaaaqfi' 3ByK u 6vxsa (stoicheion) ynorped,rarc,rcfl aBropoM
TpaKTara B [o"iiHoM rrx ro)KrecBe. llpouecc q4cro BrielrHero Bocnparr _
TI4fl c.rroBa 3acraBJltrer ,,rpileft riax 6lr (lrclbrrblBarb HacrrJlre (pros-
paschein) or 6eccunrcreHHbrx Ha,lepraniri.> (grammais anoatois), r
e.
SHaKoE' a raKlKe (c,'IcroB Il BblpaxieHrl:i, He AalolIllix 3HaHafl) (sylla-
bais cai lexesin agnostois).
Bnnuaune x o4uofi ,rrlrrrrb 3ByKoeOIi o50,'roqKe c,,roBa u K
ila3HbrM
BLIAaM eto (Harreprauufr.>> (graphai) ori-raHtrqrlBaer lo3HaHr.re rzMeHu
ypoBHeM lryBcrBeFrHoro Bocnpr4flu.rn (dia tas aistheseis), n ro tspeMr
KaK A'Xf IIpOHITKHOBeHHfl B CMbICd'I C,rOBa O6ggare,'ltHo yqacrlze TaK
Ha-
gsleaeMori <pasyuHofi> (noeron) qacrr{
Iy''u
(70g c). Clmrcn, LrJrr4 cyu\_
IIOCTb HAHMCHOBAHI,fl, TAKIIM O6PASOU, PACKPbIBACTCfl CO
''PCAMCTA
sceii nonHoroIl e e4uucrBe riyBcrBeHHoro 14 paSyMHOro efo nocrH)Ke-
nna. finr IIO,'IHOTbr Iro3HaHlrfl Hec6xo4n,rao raKx(e BcecropoHHe Onu-
carb rrpeAMer Iz qeM sTor IIOCreAHrzfi c,roMiree, TeM B 60nlrueu K0,1r4r{ec-
TBC [th{CH OH HY)KAACTCfl. HH OAHO TIMfl, OAHAKO, HC MO)KCT OXBATI{Tb
(3HaqfiMyro cr.i,,ry) (dynamis) I]peAMera, Koropafl rpoas,,lner:
ce6a
B Ka;i{JIoNr ri3 r.v{Ho)i{ecrBa r{MeH. Ecnu ul,rerl B BrlI)/ rroJlHoe ortucaHae
Toro npeAMera, roroplrfi uMeHyercfl BbrctlIrlM B;rarol,t, To cJreAyer
ytlecrb, f{To pa3Hbre erc HaHMeHoBaHr.Ifl (60r, xusul, cBer, noroc li r.4.)
Ka)K.qoe tlo-cBoeMy B]rrpa)Karor 3rr4 3Har{fiN{bre crrJrbr (clynamis).
orAenl-
HbIe r.{MeHa cyrb ]le rrro tr4rroe, KaK (Bbrcrvl,ireHufl> (proodoys)
c].ulHoc-
TH r'r,r{u ee r4cTerieHna (589 d). 3.qucl aBrop rpaKrara orlepvpVer ,]rcrer?-
Iilll.\'I I{€t}rlaTarclrI{lIecKLlM TepNILIHOM (tstrlcryrr/TeriIle>, xoroptlti llo yc-
Tairci:r{eilreiicfi TparriqHu o6uqiro I]eperar0T JIarLri]cKrlNf cJlOBONr (3Ma-
Hau'.n>4. Cyrquocrl Bbrcrrero B"rara ?rdeiir,rpyer B ero uMeHal(, oAHa-
Ko ,f);!a B"b!car{aer BCro Iroilrjory erHIropa3AeJrbHocra unccraceli :ro_
ro b.rara (649 b). tr'I xorr F{rr oArro wa xax-6ynro He Nro).Ker B}rrpa3rrrb
apa3y ri u,e,rrllKoi\,{ 3HarraMyro cn"ry (ci5,narnis) eucurefo EJ.lata, i{o 3Ta
ctliia BF{yrpeHHe npircyrcrByer B rilr{eri2x-3rraHaqErrx so ecei? caoeit
'no/THOTe. ona ne y6ueaer u iie
lpo"rI.rra a 6ecNoHeqHoNr erH'x{ecrBe
3. o-3oJ:5o$3q'o d,9b,5.
 IrMeH, He oc"ra6eBaer u He I-Icroxl,aercfi5. Oua ec'rt ortreriaroK (ecma-
geion, ectypoma) H,'r14 nerrarb (sphragis) calrofi cy6crauuul.t (Ca3 a).
C6pas orre"iarra B 3ToNr rracca>Ke HecoviHeFrHo uaBeEH l,taroHoBc-
KI4M (Tl4Meell1>, IAe MaTepHfl LaK I,,{aTep14HCKOe Har{aflo Ca]vla no ce6eo
'Jrr4[reHHafl 14 r{Jr}KAaa xanoii-;rr6o
Sopl,rsr, ,rvqne Bcero npe4Ha:3Hatre-
Ha Lilfl Bocllp?rflriitl (orneqarKoB> (aphomoiOmata) BCex Eer{}l(} cyu{nx
neuefi u [oToh,r-\r IL\,40IrYeTc.fl (Eocnplrelr,{Hr4u.er2> (hypodoche, Tim. 5l
a). IIo cBoerl npripoae (physei) uareplil illlulirJMaer .Dlodbre (oT.rr4cKr4)
(ecmageion) , Haxol'scb B B€r{Frorvx IBu}KeHxri ri xaxr4trr.i pas 6v4yvu pa-
suoft (50c). Ilcrrouy Berrlr, po}KneHHbre rrarepueii, ecrb ror-lt}i<o (iloA-
paxaHr,i,q> (mime mata) eeuuocvtuer\{v, (orner{arxH> (typcthenta) no ero
06p a3rlaM, cn FrF,Ie ((J';|HB Iil'c.rbHsIM Ii ii eu3b fl cr-rr{\runr cnocoSou> (50 ed)
"
Marepua "rlyqttie Bcero nputoroBJeria K BoclpilETnro (,rorrieqarKa))
(ectypomatos), liaKulvr 6u neclpefiurti,r pasriooSpasuer"r (ooicilia),
oH Fili orJru-.raJcfl (5C d). Bor [oqe]4\r r{ar€pu}o Mo}KHf, Ha3Barb
TeM, r{Tf] Ilp}ieM,rieT OTneL:aTOK, r{TO llCilblTI)IBaeT Ila CeSt riCeleiiC-
rBr.re orleqarxa (ect1,po)'rnenori 50 d) . Oea, 3ra Nrarepr.rl, no Llaro-
HV, cpoAHli cvrflrKur\4> (malacon) rroB€prFlccrRnr n cC,,'ia.4aer rieo6u-
qalisoii (r,riaAKCCTblc (leiotata), or/'rl4traflc!, iror'iHCr:r 6ecxa.lecrneilHo-
c'rbro ltanoAo6ue roii )KlrLKocrrr, n roropori pacrEoprro'fcs 6naroeo-
Hrl (50 e). 3ailrerttu, r{To Ece cr'roBa., vxa3r,rBar{ure y I1.la,o}la Ha or-
neqaToK; oTTfiCI(, CBfi3aHbl 1rJtJ C tJlatO,-tOM <6Uet>>, 1195r$ug215))
typtO, ectypto (orneuarox Heriro B.r,r6Hroe ua r;ragNori, I,rgrxor?-
noBepxHocru)
-
unu c r,[&ro,r'Io]vl ((\{ecllrb>, (BbluecIITb) (mtsso, ecfftassd,
Harrpl4Mep <MecurE, rec'ro>). <CTTncN> NroxiHo rorAa noH];L4irrb KaK
HeqTo fioilyql]Bil]ee Iopolllo Bbl,Ten,lellH]ir0 Bo BpeMtI Bb{1|,i€rltntsaHHfl
Sopuy.
Ile,{arr (sphragis)B ilpeMoNI (Hipp. Min., 368 c) rr nejreHocHor\l
cMbrc,Te (Th.eaet. 192 a-ne.rarb r{ero-ro, Heqro orireqaranHoe a 4yure)
AoIIo/'IHgeT ToT KpJ/r [IJ]aToHoecxofi JeKCHKII, KoTopafi rrauSonee
6nugxa aBTopy aHa,IIIz3upyeMoro HaMr,r rpaKTara, B To Bpet{-fl tiaK Ir3-
flIo6reHHbIe 3,tiecb ({Bblcr)/IIa'i8HI:lf> (proodoits) y ll"raroua uu pa3y
He BCTpeqarcTCfl , COCTaB,rr_st npuBiz,'rertz io HeontaToHUrieck0]-0 c,roBo-
ynorpeS,reuur.
06paa reqarlr I] orlleqarKoB coBeprrtenHo neodxo4r.rM .qJl.rl Apecnaru-
TIiK, TaK KaK oH rvrlile Bcero o6o3Haqaer xle,rocrFloe, a He r{acraqHoe
IIpofiB,'ieHI4e Bblcmero E,nara B ero zMeHax. Cyuuoct, Elara ecrb IIe-
pnoodpasnafl [eqarb, vlrrr, r{aK ee Ha3L,rtsaer aBTop, (apxerrzrlrrafl
[eqarb)), xoropoit colrpHqacrHbr ee MHoroquc!'reHHbre orrncKrz (ecty-
pomata... rnetechei tes archetypoy sphragidos). B Ka)KAor\d orrreqa-
34
TKe B CBOI{I Oqepe.qb 3TOr aprer}trI fiprc),TcrByer Bo tscei; nfl"'llicre, FIIi-
tlie IJe Ebrcrirlafl rracrr.rqHo (643 a). A ec,ru, roBopttr atsrop, (neqarib
Bbrpaxaercrl He Bo BCex ornertarKax (tois ecmagetois)' To :lro lle fif,)
;1puqulre car,rori ileqarlI, FIo 3aFi4cr4T or Marepuu, )''la[]Byv-rtIClI B ililD'
uecce) (644 b). Kax lr y ll,tiatoua,3ra Nlareptifl Ao,ixijia lixlerb nolep-
xHocrb r.raAKlilo (leia) re N'IsrHyIo (hapala, cf. rnaiaca)' Bc,'ilt )-lil;ra-
TOHa iliarepl]fi He JicEauBaer uliraxofi $opltu, lto nfiliHllN{a€T illodb'le
oTTI4CKU, HaXOAL'rTCtl B HeIlpecTaHlioNl ABU)KeHI'ilI 14 IieV,llf-rBiiNIa, T0 E rla-

iler{ TpaKTaTe oHa HaAeJIEerCt:i eilIe ue,ublN{ pfAolvl Ka{lercrB' or<asltBa-

eTCt{, rxTO NIaTepI{fl <llr6Kaq) (SyUtanluO- (XOporuO Bc{-]lili{llltx'laiori{4fl
l.lapur>) (eytl,pota), tJlaAKocrb e€: rle Hapyilaercfl Hi':lhaKI]NIH Itrapar]l-
HaMLr urrrr rpelquiiaMfi (acharacta). Osa ue yrpvre (mEie antitypa),
He rr:epAa (sclera), Ho LI He ptcnJliBtlzra (mele e-l.'(liachyta). To;roxo
Tar{a.fi \{arepufl roroea BbIpa3r.lTb n no,tsoii aAeKEarH{;crl'i fier]arb
-
apxerull il r{ricrblx, flcHblx I1 rpoqliblx orrl,icl{ax (644 b).
Il"raronoscxrle or[ellarKil , ct{trble, llo eto cr-]oBatri" c Beqttocville-
ro o6pasqa (yAr.iBurer'rbIIbllvi tr Heu3:L,flcHI,tMlrlt cnoco6or'tt (50 c), eAecl
HalioAflT BIloJFIe,TioruqFIoe, ecrecrEeHIIoe o6tacuenuen 68e:JetiiioB-
o.lHaKo, c noMorrrblo Bce ror'i x(e xapaKrepuoii 4,tn fl,larcrla cltcre-
\rbl BiieluFie qvECTBeHi{bIX 14 BerlecTBeHHblx c6pasos-
],l"4e.s nonnoro coortsercrBllt lr3Flaqa,rrlsoli cyxtEocrlx ts€ux u ee or-
rreqarKa B irNreHax, cKo"'IbKo 6t't ttx uu 6si,tc, €xle pa3 iloATecpxtAaer
ueJocl'r{ocrb cxprrroti B nprJ.r\rere }laHMeuoBatufr uaf,i\}r I'l HecBoAI'J-
r.roclb ee K MeHee 3Ha.{rire"r]bHr,lri,c e cnoeii Apo6Hocril 3luaFiaIIuflM. ,\xno-
J\ECTBEHHOCTb HAUMCHOBAHfiIi, AAIIHAfl 3AECb B BI.'AE }iEONJATOHHI{EC.
lil{x (BlicryuJreHuli>, coxpailqer B or,'Iuque or HeollJarogl'lqecrori lpa-
tfiIlrrl] r43]iaqa,rrbHy]0 qe,'rocrH0c'rl (holotes) u eluu1'lo E cBoeii ilepa3-
re,rbHocTr{ cu,ry, oTHXl4l ue y6unaioul)Irc u He yMa"rlfi}ouy}octl s dec-
qucJ'IeHubIX EnleHax (652 d). OrcH:4a eAlrlluqFioe. orlieJ-]bFloe. q&c-
-
THOe, pea,nu3oBalrHce Bo MHOIXeCTBeiIIIOCTII lli\{eH, HeO6XOAIINIbIX A,X5
oililcaHu.fl lrAead'tbFlolo [peAMeTa ]4"Ii.l EbIC[leIO EJara, co3AaeT I]e,'IOe
ir.ru BCe (hole, 637 c).
Coxpaura B 3MaHaqurx-ItMelrax cBolo 3Ilariuhr\Ic c?rJly, 3To Ettc-
:iee uMfl cyqero (he de toy ontcs) npeEccxoAnr r€t\l He Meri€ee BCe cl,-
'jecrByroxdee, gBJrflflcE, npeAeJlbub;na o606qeHl,relvl 3Toro cJirqecrBylo^
Eielo.
To'{Ho raroil }Ke npoqecc rtpo]zcxoAllr Ir c Jlpyrrrntu cydcranquatt'
r.br\ru l4MeHaMu. -[4Mq )Kr43H]r (he de tes dzocs) Bbrpa)fiaercfl Bo Bcehr )K]t-
tsolr, Ho npeBocxoAur ero cBoI4M o6o6u1eHneu. Bce mucnnqee (ta no'
era), cloeecuoe (ta logica) H BCe rlyBcrByioxlee (ta aisthetica) o6odr4a"
erfn B npeMyApocrr.r co{)rrr (816 b) a r.. j,. r,r r. A. llpe4enouoe
cr5o6r{enlre, r,rrTr{
-
Bbiclljee Enaro, B Ha[reM TpaKTare ecrb He q.r.o I4Hoe,
xaK Heo{r,TaroHi.{qecKoe EAIasoe. A omo, KaK 3To H Ao,,IXHo dbmr, ue
rr'.rA4aerc-E Hri qvECrBeHr{oi\,{), orilyulei{firc (aisthe sis), Hr4 nooSpa_
.{r.e{rr.ilo (phantasla) , }{xl ocfl3aulto (epaphe). Eluaoe He rrolAaercfl He
TO",TL,r\O Cy6rer<laal.rQ\{\' MFreHr.rro, H.rTr,r pa3turbrrll",leHnit) (doxa), Ho r1 p
c_
cJ.,;K,{eHIitc (dianoia) , flpor-iecc}/ Mbr{ir,,Terjrr1 (ncesis) H eoodule o-
3E{aIiuHl (episteme) " ldepapxul:rqo 3ro E,rauoe Bbrrxe (yMa> (noys)
irt; KoiieqHo, Bb{{Ile ,::6biTr4a> (oVsia) , flc:.ropiV Bce, rrTo cBrr3ar{o co cdte_
por-"r orrrcroro )-nna r[ cJToBecHoro Bbtpa]?ieHllfl I\IbIC,.Iil LIJITi co cQepofi
9'yECTBeHrtbtx rruli'ui,eHzti, o6u.tuo cBfl3aHHbrx B Heo1',taro'aqecxofi
TpaAfft{flt{ c fiftocTacblo l)tuu, - He r{oN{er BErpa3rrrb E;1uaoe NaN
,:6cr.rtor (53 a -ct
ilIen{cfl c0 Bcerl no,rrrioroi TaK;^ke H B Heon,rraroFiltLttcKoIi TeoDiill il
rrpa l<Tz Ke?.
Aerop TpaKTara, .troCH Ehlpa3DTb, Heu3peqeHtrDcrb FhrctLLro a6ec-
..IIOTa, ocTaB UB p aCCylKAeH t-q (f6 li HT€ J;1eKT l, a,I buo- "ilot ti qecrl,oNI ero r] r.r-
3Haritlv, o6paqaerca He K q(]n,ty l-tFlG&Iy, Nar N cil,,,tgo;iiM I1 ltx Borr"lo]]le-
HlJlo B ro3Tl'IqecI(oNI CJTOBe. Llyncrneauoilii, nno,tne Ma?epua,r]bHo-le Jie-
cHbll'i cI4NrBO,',i MCX{er, Hailpl]Mep, ELtpa3t-i,r}, nc}lSjlqecriIte clcco6uoc-
TU r{e"rloBexa (9 13 a). Ho rarofi }y!e crJr\,rBo,TI HCno,Tltr3\teTC.s A.irfl Bbtpa_d{e-
HLlt COBC€M UFtOtO, BbICtUet0, Flecolt3Meptl&{ofo c qenogexo\,I
)/pcitsrtE,
a I'lNIeliHo 6oxecrneuuoro (592 c). fipanga, <6ecn,:oruile> (asomaioys)
iiNleti e ll,1ea,'IbHoto a6colr-ora ite ctsctruhill K rll,BcTBell r.lo Eocnp tiHlulree-
IvibIM cirMBo,rau (dia symbclon aisthat*n, 913 b) onuaxo Ir orrrr ts ra-
IJHcrBeHi{bIX (rnystica) o6paeax (Bafiror) u,riri (Brj.rl-ri,riltsaror> (platto-y_
sln, ,)9/ b).Haue fipeICTab,xclnc o Bbrcilleri cg. [\: MeH\elori t;;,,,:,
llpan,1a, uHofi pae cnMEo,[irKa, 3r]aKonocr,b, rlucre E *Crnja3Hocrb Fec-
ToilbKo c,TIrr[,t BoeAu]to, r{,Io aETop Ie}r{e He ynorilef,,J-l,q€T caI\{oro cJ-]c).
Ba ((cuMBO"ri), orpaHuquBaFcb lrKa3arrr.i€x{ ua o60:ni:"ieutte (saruair-}o)
cyurIJOCTl,i I.JAea"rbHoro npeAl,irra B qvtscrtseHHol,i o6pir:e. I.l rorAa osl-
3blBaerc.g, qro (cBepxHr,reHyeMoe Stalo> Bno"'tHe t\{f:,^lter 6srrl npocla_
B,leHo n <o6pasax> (morphas, 597 ab), roci{orbr{,,. BC.EKafl cne[rjanl_
Hatr I4 yrIeHafl TepMLIHo.rIoful 3!{.ecb 6e_ccti;rlHa. Clrnasonl4.{ecNan o6pa-
3Hocrb BbI3bIBaer uIITyuqIrltr cFa3) 14 qerocrllo oxgarb,lBatcque llxeit:
;lHuii npeAx{eT B eto pa3}rbIX ll1]u-Tacfix _ 3\titx;aLI,lj.n.x.
TaN, uL,t Haxo;,luNr 3Jlecb cltMtsc"ritrqecKLIii 06Fe rt_1,Liz, IJe .,o,I.i]e;]!e-
uieto"llz Ilo3HaHHto, ]lt4 H3pelerij!]t\, ;:f coJeltla.,jr: E :.BCefi cBep.\r,a:-
HaBaeN,rocrfl H cBepxcyrqecrBeHHocri:l (bg2 d_Ig3 z)" Blrcuee Bnaro
B TpaKTare 60,tluellt qacrhro cBfi3aHo co cBerttsEJMlr hHTyr.Iqr.rnMrIl
KaK 3ro lapaKTepHo :l,frfl Fiero c ll,rrarorioBcKr.ix BpeMea. (Juo _ c[jrr_
Hue, He/THBaHlIIee cr.t,qHIle
"rytrert Ha BCe \,r[po3rra]lile e nperi:6ur.r-,lre
cBeroBoro noroKa (697 d). Eraroe <pa3)'Illrblr.l cnel;: (phos noetos),
-
II3TOH-fl]OUrur,i scqxoe Hepa3ylirire n sa6nyx<.r,eH14 e rr nrpo,qcuRrclrlrrri tr,,rl-er;rl
HeBeAeHr4q (700 cd). Ceepxo6re4rrhflrr uar ripHqurlFlficrb B Brrlle cr.JriFrrl j,l
npo"nlIBaer csori cner Ha BCflxoe 6urue, fiI4TAer, C{.rrpeBAer, B3palrr,ti-
Baer lr o6rion;rser ero (E24 lrc)s.
3Halrnenuruii roueponcKHfi o6pas qenH, cuncau,uleli c rieCa ,(11.,
\/III 18 nofiB,'r_E€rcrr Ha crpaHljuax Apeor;rrrrriir crrirh-ra-
KIl ts
-27),
coqeraHl'1lI c MHolocBer'ilElh'lll, ttaxo/-ifiIIrHMIICfr ts BbtctI
"[Jrr{ax4r1. ,1i;

Iicropbln{ crpeMurcfl tlaK K Ebrcillel4lr Ejlafv Lre.riogeta (0S0 c). 3ro xe 6,,1a-
lo npnraruBaer Hac K ce6e, KaI{ CKSr-rZ nprrrflrnBaET 3aKpen,lerllrul'a r:r
ueri xopa6,rr, xoTfl ,'IrcIflNI E KalKeTCfl, rlTC OHrf Cal\4ta ltpliTfltr.rBaloT, K
37
ae6e cKa,'Iy (680 crl) . llpexpacuoe o3apqer cBoHMLi ,ryrraMr.{ ri fipr43r,r-
Eaer K ce6e (701 c).
O6pas reLiar?r r,[ ee orrrrcKoB orr{ocx4TCfl K 3TcMy )Ke qrrBcTtseHHo-
cL{x{Bon[qecKoMy pflAy (c,ur. ni'nue).
Paccyx<4enlrs o 6nare u 3J'Ie, TocKe tro 6"rary n co3uAaHam, no 06-
pasy 6.rara (cp. paccv>xAeHllfl flnaroua B ,,THMee" o 6naronr AeMrryp-
[e, He II0AB"IIaCTHOI/{ 3aBIICTII 14 yCTpOLltsIIIeM BCer:IeHHyIo IIO CBoeMy IIpeK-
pacHox{'y' o6pa:qv, 29 e 30 a) npranoAsr K clir\{Bo/IaM Jrrz[a vr itvqv-
IrbI, xalraKreprxhrx oAHo - gna 6tara, Apyroe zna (732 b).
srecr,
- - nrfl
r.{ ecrt [roAJrr4HHaff r4r]ocracb (hypostasin), a nuuawa-
"ITcrLr,o
Iler{T0 BHelItHe fra[IoMl4Halol]dee I4[ocTacb, Ho Ha caMoM Aene JIo)IiHoe,
HAXOjlrrrqeecf p"qAo\{, tlp14Kr.rAbrBaFcrr{eecfl r'rr4uoM (parypostasin).
Faccv.,r<;lenlrn *r 1o6pe II 3,'ie [l]rIBoAfiT K c]iMBo,raM ,tbBa L{ [ca,
yT'epr:its[rflx ctsoe ecrecTBeHHoe npeAHasi]a'reFrr4e r{ ,1r{[reHrrbrx lrpHc-v-
ur,eil ttl,t or rpmp{l,4br cl{J'rbr. 3no ncerga ecrl d'rnrrreHl{e I4 HeAocra-
rox neo6xoAnnnoir -1,Tfl AarrHoro rrpeAHa3HarreHr.rfl 6naroil cyqHocrll
(72E b).
EoxecreeFx{iag cv[lFrccrb cpiMtso.rn4r{ecKlr [peAcraBd'IeHa crapIreNI
i.t touoruefi, se,{irDilr'10 n npervreuerw (937).
Aerop rpa{{Tara cr{MBor.ri.rvl:cKi4 cpatsHuBaer cBoero ilporllBHItKa B
TeOiTOlHrlecKi{{ CrLlDpaX C i{eoiIbITHbIM a't,TeTOM, HeAOOIIeHIiBaIOUIfl\'{ Cn-
,Ty cEoero npori.iBr.{r{Ka rr cpaxiarouil{Mcf c reHfMrz (sciamachoyiltes,
893 c: cp. Plai. Apol. sciamachein 18 d). t.'iam >Ke aBrop, ilycl(ancb B
:rrqe'rur,rii cnop e E{elocroriHbrrd orBeptare,'reM acrr4Hbr, Bl{Ar,[T ce6n
(6eeyhrr{eN,r, pa3;ryllra}ou1l{N{ rrecoqHbre
AoMr.rKr.r, rrocrpoeH}rbre.A,erbl'rrl
cpaidon... oicoelomanlata... epi psarnmo,v), Llr,Lr Harrpae,rfiIor{tlM
rlrer)- (catastocht'Czesthai) B ueAocrr.{rae\4ylo ue;rl (893 b).
cunteo.luira TfilaKTaTa npocTiipaeTCfl Ha 3TaMo,'loruqecKfie pa3bl-
cKaHlil apeorta[ilTcworo aBTopa, irbrraroilletoca yr,ry6urb cBoii I4HTep-
ilpeTar{[i1 H c{erT&Tb cBoe [oHu]f3i{r4e KoHTeKcTa 6o"uee apryMenTnpo-
.BAHHItrIN4 B I.[A3AX qI.{TATE,Ifl.
Tar, cortuer{Hafl cirMBorrILIKa Bltcu{cro B"lara [o,{TBepx{Aaercfi p ac-
c\rx{;lei[te]\{ (700 b) o coJrHrle (heiios) KaK coeAHrreHr.rr4 Ii coSpaHHCCrti
roro, r{ro 6i,l.lo Oa:po3HeHo (heiios aoltres (co6paHi{brft BA,recre)
or eilo <co6apalolr fl a -
copulatilrum). -
-
llpexpacuoe - (Kpacorlft> (cal los) , [ocKor'IbKy oAapfl'
i{ail,rraercfl
er ECe cBor,rlli{ Jj/"{ar[ir u (3oBer> (caioyn) r ce6e, co6upaer BCe K ce6e
(I0i c) . Bo.rlu:ioe Mccro orBereHo ro.{KoBaHr.rro AByx Har.{MeHoBaHI{il
<.lnurdalt> 3poca r{ afarI3. B sioM [acca;^r{e coBepIxeHHo B rr,{aroHoB-
cKoM .1yxe - flpftBo,{srcfi pacc:v;KAer{Nq od :xcrarr4qHocrr,r 6oN<ecraeu-
Eloro siroca (712 a\1 , o roN{, qro ro.rre (tOi plethei) He4ocrynHa noA.rri.rH-
3B
fiaq ero iler''iocrHocrb, Lr3 rioropoii oSlrqso BblAe,'rfllor r{acrl{oe, qrc-
To Te,lear.toe rloHliNlat]ile, To.i]bKo no BriAy cxo}Kee c ltcruHFILJiM. To"tlna
BIiAI4r roJ{rtriio (trpr.i3par{) (eidolon) troA.[['IIIHoro spoca, (orraAeHLIe)
(ecptOsis) or Lrero (709c) . Xors reonorr 14 yrlorpelnfln'rpaBno3HaqHo
spoc rr ,'tran6oBb(agape) , Ho aBrop rpar(rara BrALrr B 3roM crapoM fl3bl-
qecl(ov{ spoce ry cirJr}r, Koropas cnoco6crBoBala ero Bbrccldcrny {ouit-
MaHilio )/ ll,tatoua, a rellepb nepeocx,Iblc,lflercfl B .4,yxe xpHcrLiaH-
-!';'F:e
cKolo, lKcTaTllqecKoro, 6,tarorosefti{oro cr:]aHilq qeilCBe!!a sHcuel?
c[,ce, (oAepi{irr\,rocrr.{) (catochei) ero al]oco\{, ((colpirqacrnocru> srcfi
sKcrarnqecKolt cu"re (tcs ecstaticEs avtcy dynameos meteilephos) ,
upHrler\ir B:saLrNrooTHo[reHr4e qeiroBeKa u 6oN<ecBa (712 a) l'oi]KyeTcff To-
)Ke B "{HC'ro fl.;raror{oBcKofi rpanr.rqun (cp. ull"pr, 205d 212 a), Nax
ce.flgo nrrSrrrqero (erastes) rr noe.uroS,reHsoro (eromenos).-
Ctrtapo;ilirlecKu-no3TnrIecKoe ro,'I}(oBaFIue nNleir}r cBlliiere,rbcrByer
o Tpi/LHOCrfr-{ elo Bbrpa)KeHlrfl B rcqHbIX TepNlilHax il HeBoJIbHo npHBo-
AIiT K IIOflbtTIie 3CTeTitqeCKOlO IIO3HaHl{fl CaMOiO ni-leII'leTa FIONTI{HaI{LIII
npu neuoll rietlocrarorrHOcrH rHoceo",'rorLrqecKirx rroAXo-fcB.
X{e;roc'rnoe fil]eAcraB.ireHue o rtpeAMere HarrMeHCBaHr4tr IJ efo MHoro-
IIIICJTCH'JbIX I{MCHAX BbIPA}KACTCfl B AAHHCM TPAKTATC IICOSIi'IUITIiI ,TC.
Kcr{qec:ir1v{ borarcrnou, cBr.iAere,rrbcrcya o rofr rr.rH ttuoricroporleAefl-
TedTf'LIOC'tt{ Ebtc[Iero 6,tata, npl{Flqallax elo Sutu-fl, elo KatiecTBeHHbIX
4e$aunrt.lrnx. cccraB"rr{}oulli,\i B KoHer{HoM urofe Heilacrop}Kr{Mylo
,eAIrt{op a34e,T ir riocTL,.

Tax, nper,r" .lpocrb (sophia) Bbrcrrcro E,rara ecrb Harla,rlo, fiillIqLiHa,

ocHooanr4e! coBeprxeilcrBo, coxpaueHne i4 rIpeAe,'I (nvApocrti s ce6e>
ll ecnK,]il r{l/'-lpocri.r (868 c). flosrouy 6orKecrBo (BocileEaercr> (hym-
neitai) Kar( lr),,qpocra (sophia), yu (no,vs), pa3,vM (logos), IIo3HaHI.{e
{gnosis) Bs:cffas x(u3irb (dzoe) io,.re Ao.,rxira (Bccretsarbcn> (h1rm3s{sa.
Ka K p aS FlC i),4,p azuan, cc3 ep rl ae\,f a-R ncfi tto r:i TB ail blo, Fie Tep fl rolqa,iI HeAo-
crarxa, rleu:o6il;ryrcqaii (hyperpleres) , :xunyqas uo ce6e (aytodzoi)
os), npeeocxol,euaq BcqKJ/io )KII3!Ir,, )KIJBorBopHafl (dzoopoios) , ceepx-
)KH3r{eiriiaq (hyperdzoos), ueBbrpa3r{Nrar (aphthegcton). Oua eocne-
EaercF (anlinnesoi) ca\,rblMli pa3,'ruqHItrIN{r,I uNIeHaMT.I (857 b), .{rodst s
lrr.ix sai'rir cBoe xor.fl 5lr cal,rce npuS,lnxeuuoe Dbrpalre'dr,Ie.
Ttr4earromor,ry ilpeAMer-v cnoilcr;esuc N,rbImJreI{lie, 1]a3yM, BI-IaHl{er
ocfl3ar{r{e, q}'BCTBoBaIrire, r,IHeHrie, noo5paxeHLIe, Llr,relloBauue. C 4py-
notl rxe c'xllpoirirr, oH He [ocrnraercfl, He !Ii\,{eHyercq, He cr<a:i'ercn. Ou
BCeM[.{ fi0]lHaeTCfl IiS BCerO r.r lir4Ketvr rrs .rero-nn60 (cut. nnure crp. 39),
OH npocnaB.rrflercrr r.r BocleBaerc.rr (hrrmneitai) no aHa"{orr{u c reM-
39
npl'jrrlrFroii qero flB,rrserctl (8v2 a), raw Naw Bcex uMeij Fre xBarrrr"
AJfl ero [o3rraHufl.
EoxecreeHHr,rfi a6co.'rrcr (BocrreBaerca> (h1'mneitai) ts KaqecrBe
erlculeri crpaBeA.rii.rBocru (ciicaiosyne), noe4arcnleii BCet\4 cyu(ecrBaM,
naepy (el,metrian), Kpacory (cailos), 6.tarovnopaAoqeFrFrocrb (cyta <ian),
ycrpoeHr.ie (diacosmesin), ncnroe pacnpele,Teuue (pasas dialomos)
r pacilod.iolKeHae (taxeis, Bg:l d).
A6co.,iicr rol*AecrtseH carur ce6e e ceoefi cBepxcyrlHocrla
{iavton
hyperoysios) , npedrreaa BeqHrrrNr (aidion), HeilpeBparrruri,,t (atrepton),
B caMorr ce6e, 6esyr<opr.i3ueHHo B coBeprxeHsetiuux ro csoefi xpaco-
re rpaHl.ruax (caltistois perasi), Irer43MeuHo (ametablCion). ;ieuarxo
(ametaptoion), HeyKr'roHHo (arrepes), Her43MeHEeMo (anallclr:ton),
HecMeIIIaFrHo (amiges), ueBe[iecrBeHHo (a,
lon), oco6eHuo npccro (hap-
loystaton), HenpxHylK,1enuo (aproscleos), HerpupaqeuHo (ana-7xes)"
He).MaJeHFro (arncloton), Hepox.qeHHo (ageneton, 912 b).
CE,'Ia 6oNrecrBa TolKe npe.qMer (BocleBaHvrtD>1 TaK hax cro HlIc-
xoAur Ha BecF, MHp,- Ha EClo nprzpoAy, nrc4eii H )Kr4BorHbtr, yxpert,]qg
Apyx6y, coxpariflr ropfl_qoK (taxeis) u 6,raroycrpoeur.je le'/thlimosy-
nas, 892 ci), coxpaulrer Helr3N{eHHocrb rrptipoAbr, pacno.rtcrxE}{lre He-
6ecnlrx cBerHJr, pacnpeAer'r-fler rryrr.r BparqeHr4fl BpeMeu qto-,i chronoy
perielixeis), Bo3MolKHocrb B€'.rHoIO cyrl€crBotsaHila (ton aiona ilynas-
thai einai), Aeilaer cu/ry orH.fl lre.vracuuori, reqeHile Bo.lL,r Her.recflKae-
Mbl\,r; J/r{pen,'rfler 3aNr,rrro, co6,lrcAaer B3arzMHy}o tap\,ronulo crv,xuft.
(ton stoicheion harmoni an,892 cl) cxpenaaer cBfl3rr
, AJrrxu 1a 1,e,ra, yr-
BepiKilaer HecoKpvrxulrce npe6unaHrre Bcereuuofi (adial),tron moncn
asphalidzetai) u eoo6ule rrarroirHfler nce ceoerl BceAeplKure.lnncir xpe-
rocrbro (ten pancratericen asphaleian, g93 a).
Anrop rpal{rara ocoSeuno noAqepKuBaer cu,rry coeAUHeHil.E u o5t-
eArrHeHras, 3aKJIorreFrHJ,o s a6co.qrore, xoropuri o6pauiaer pa3AeJrb-
Hoe Bo nceo6qee e.qrncrBo coBepnier{Ho B 71yxe r,rraronoBc:r{oro AeNru-
ypra B <Tul,ree> (cu. elrnie crp. 35). 3ra cunacML,rKaer BCe pa3po3neHHoe
uanono6ue 3aMKoB (cleithrois), BCe orpeAeJrfler, 3aBeprlaer,, r,ilpoqx-
Baer Il He laer paccbrfiarbca g 6ecxoHeriFrocrb, Ireonpe.neneHHocrb It
Cecnopnpox (!49 a).
Arrop rpaKrara Hax,{epeH (Eocrerb> (hymnesai) }rHorori},{eHHoe
(polyonl,mon) 6oNrecreeuHoe c],'uecrBo (9,J6 b), KaK BCeA€p,)narqee
(pantocratoricen), coeAuHfircrqee, nceo6renr,rlrcrqee, \'hI-,eil/rflroqee,
OCHoBL,lBaHlIIIee, HeCOKpyIUI]MOe, B,'IaIbIr{eCTBytoqee, IOC]]OACTBy}Clqeer"
BceMoryqee (936 d 937 a).
40
-
 Brrclree 6nrue HaAeJleHo 6esyxopusuenno jt qzcrorofr (catha -
rotes) n rlapcrBo ero (basileia) eupaxaercfl B paclpeAer'reHurr flpeAe.rra
thoroy), ycrpoficrna (cosmoy), 3aKoHa (thesmoy) r nops1rxa {tareos).
Ouo o6,ra4aer BceMu (KpacoraMu> (ton calOn) u 6narar.tlr (agathon),
6yayuH (Bceco3epqarcqr4M npoMbrrrr,rreHr4eM) (.panla theomenE pro-
noia) r Halo,'rrrqfl BCe (BCecoBeprxeHFrbrn,r draror,r> (agathoioti can-
telei, 969 bc).
faNe ecd.rli orilaHlzql4Tbct ro,'IbKo 3TI4rvIri nprrMepaMu, To BbrDl4co-
BbIBaercE BIlylxIlreJIbHatrKaprHHa l4Aea,'Iblloto cyu,ecrBa, Har1.{t{oio rpe-
EOCXOATIIqeto rIJaroHoBcKoe Bblclliee E,raro ro cBor{M roH.raiiuiLli\,r re-
Quuuquau, MHoN{ecrBerrHocrrr r.r\{eH u 6exouequocrlr cKpbrrhtrx B ur{x
oTTeHKOB. HO HeCir,rorpfl Ha Bcro 3Ti/ tro3AHeaHTurrrrylo
),'c,!oiKHeHtiocrb,
3Tor npoc,'Ias,'IgeivtltlZ a6co,rror coxpaHqer BCe cRoI{ K,'IaccuqecKlle no-
TeHIIITI, cBfl3aHFrbre c MyApocrbro co$ueli u ee [posB,;IeHl.lF\ru, c
coBep[]e]rHofi xr.rsHrro e ca\aoii ce5e - (ecnor,rHurvr nJlarouoecroe ayto
to dzoion u aytodzoion llpoxna) ri c ycrpoeri]leM )Ku3Hri eo nceleuuolt,
pea,ru3yeruoii e qzcro ocrerulrecKux KarercpHflx Kpacorbr, 6,lai.a, no-
pfln.Ka, [peAer'Ia, Mepbl, IIpOCTOTbI, q[CTOTbI Li HeU3liIeHHOCTI.t" Eeq]IO-,
crlr lz KpyroBpaureHr.rfl BpeMeH, rori [ocroqunorl rapuoH]lFI ECex nlac-
reii xocuuqecKoro re,'ra, Koropa-fl BcerAa raK Bocxr4lqzr.r& K"T&ccr.JEec.-
Kyro aHTIrqHocTb.
Bce ero 6ecroueqsoe lruoroo6pasue norenqufi tr Ka'"]ecrts er].i-
llolo II€,'IOIO TO U Ae,'rO nepeqr4c,rlfleTcf c 3HTY3r'ra3\,rolr 14 tocxH:
IIeHr4eM.
Anrop TpaKTara roros 6ecxoHelrHo BocrreBarb BCe MHolr{ecro lr}4eii-.
sivtaHarIHfi (8 17 a). He4aporvr reKcr rrecrprzr BCeMa cpopnranrm r"laro,rra
hymn"o-, roropufi
Mox{Ho [epeBecru KaK (BocleBaHr4e B ],]r^,trHe),
(rpocraBr-reHr.re B rr.rNiHe) (513
c,597 ab,652 d, 700 c, 865 b, E68 c,
857b,872a,889c,893 d, 896 d, g3O d,948 d,969c).
Crpacrs K (Boc[eBaHr]ro> Aocruraer raxofi cruxuilsofi cr{Jbr, qro
anrop xar-6yATo coBceM orKa3brBaercff or pa3)'r,{Horo rrocrlz;rreniifi cBo-
ero a6co.rrtora H ccbrd'raercfl Ha <cnoco6 npocr'raB,'reHna>(tropos...h.vrn-
nesai) KaK Ha euA <6oxecrBeHHoro 6esyur.ra> (morian theov), rjLrror!{y
r{To TOIbKo oHo Mox{eT Bblpa3uTb HcTI4Hy, fipeBocxoAfirqyir:
ocarufi
pTiy* (865 c)e. VxaeaHHoe snecr 6oNecrBeHHoe 6esylri,re, rrr.ri.I, T,oli{€r.
5rtrr, Hep as y Mr4e, uJruAaxe rllynocrr (mori a), EosBp alqaer Hac oxrsrb,
r ucxoAHoii K'TaCCZqeCKOft tOUre, x ll"raroHy c eto 3Har4eH}ITbil\{ 6OXe-
cTBeHHbIM BAOXITOBeHLTeM, I|jlLI tirautaeii, KoTopafl To;,I{AeaTBeH-
Ha 6esynaHotry cocro-trHrJro 3KCra3a y no3roB 14 MJ,!.peuoe (plat"
Ion.,534 a).
41
 Tax, noflbrrKr4 onHcarb ra4ea,rllisrri npeAMer uepes 6ecNoueqHbre
ero FroM[{Har{ur{ B KoFrue KoHUoB r-rpr4tsolflT x ero 6egotqerHoMy tsocfie-
tsaHliio ts trrrMr{e. Ho aro orHroAb He Me[Iaer Aanlneliuar,{ noilcKa},,r Bce
X{OEirll( Ii iiOBbIX I4I{eH, [OTo\{y rITO npeAI'IeT lr3yr{eH[fl SeCKOtie'{etI il
co3.taa'i tsce lIoBbIe Ij l{oBbie BO3MO)KHOCTII A,itt CaMOto - Li3oll]ileiilHofo
c,Toaor3/nprlecrRa' puropuqecKl4x yxuqpeHi,it, Har:k'3blBaHI4JI trlNriln-
r{eCKaX o6paqeauii 3tI14Kr'Ie3, cKotr.r]eH14 E cutloHulvIrIqecKI-IX ltflIoB.
onpeAefier{tu'i uepes -yrBepx{r1eHr.Ie j.i oTpuuauHe (xara$arwr<a i{ a[o-
$arnNa), l:f ,TJi6,reul4fl crlMBo,qr,rKrr 11 ;rra,reKTHqecNoti rrrpbl noFrr-
TlIfiivlI{.
iJ,enoclnoe rour4MaHne npeAMera FrarrMeHoBaHr.tfl [epeHocr.rrcfl aB-
TOpOlvl T[]aKTaTa Ha BCeb NiI{p, B KOTOpCN{, KaK B eII.IHo\4 optaHu3-
Me, BCe Cn'v"lKrtT IIe,Tfl[4 KOHeqHOjt tapN{oHUI,t. oNaeHeaercfi, r{To ts vilo-
pflAoqeHnocrrr yHuBepcyMa cBoe Mecro HaxoAr.ir 71alKe 3.{o (cacon).
A ral: Kaii trpflpoAa (phi'sis) rpoHr]3ar{a cBor.rMr.r 3aKor{aMil, (rpl,t-
poAHbINiN 'rorocax4u> (ph1'sicoi logoi), ro (Hr.rrIro rre AojriKHo 5i,rrl eii
Ilpor{.rBilo} {,728 c). B npr.tpo,4e }for\rr 6mrt qacrubre HecooTBe,rcl.-
E[.ifl, H0 (ecTecTBeHFrafl ]Ke nopqa) He xapaKTepHa /l,trfl npr4poAbl, KOTC-
pafl Ijoobllle He Mo)Ker 6url 4ypHofi. rlro xe ror;Xa ace-rann sro?
To,rynro ((HeBo3Mo)KHocrb ooBepruer,rcrBoBaHrrfl ecrecrBeunux csoficrs
Irll LTprr.TLr)) (rarvr Ne).
Ec.,lit s,'lo HeecrecrBeHrio n,'rfl npi.{poAbI Boo6ule, To rer,r 6onee ouo
F[e Mox{er sar<,rTrorrarbcrr B npupo]Ie re,r (en somasi), xorfl oua Morl.T
6urn 6o;roubix4u u ypol,iI1i6b11,gz. O;1uaro flpo-flB,TeHue 3rotc s,rTa-c,-ie-
Icrtsue (,irrtll-eHiir l-rcpflnKa) (stercsis taxeos), yrepfl caMofo sfi4oca
(elleiasis eidoys), cyxrHocrrz rena. tr4 o[rrb -raKk rp]/AHo iiasBarb 3jloM
JTI4IUeH{re fiopflAKa. BCqroe HapvilreHlre ycraHoB,leHHoto B Te.]re co-
orBercrtsDfi t{acreli ecrb He LITO ul{oe, KaK }Mflrieiiue, yMeHbIIeHAe [i]e-
Kpacruoro {hctton calon). Vrpara Kpacorbi (calios), efi4oca Lr noprlKa
rl{o>Ker npt{Eecru x ru6e,rz rera, nocKo,'rbKy 3Aecb lpozsof;ler uapy-
LtieFlr,ie ecrecrBeFlHbrx 6.,rarrx ceoficre npupoAbr, Berylqee Ko 3.1V
{728 d).
l{e.locrriocrb tsbrculetc E,rara, ilpoflB,rrellHafi B eto 3.\{aHar{iirrx
fllleFia]!, a 3Har{ilT I4 B KOCMOCe, yCTpaHfleT paC[pOCTpaHeHHOe MHeH[e, -
qro 3,ro IIiitrc\rr^e Nrarepuu (hyiC). 34ect aerop rpaKrara,
],.rorrrrFrr cBc-
I{\'l 1'Trr3trl}KLeHI4e\'I HeOIJIaTOHIIqeCKOe OTHOrrreHile K x,{aTepr4tr, xaX dal
Eo3sp:lijiaeTcfl K llocoKIlaToBCKoNrJr IIo3]lTrJBHoMy rr.iJ'ro3oli3I\4v. lrla-
rgFn-., qureer'r Mbr, (yqacrByer B rropflllxe (cosrncy), Kpacore (ca1101 s)
Ii 6,rarou{.{,4riocrn (eicioys). Ecnu )Ke Marepufl HaxoAxrcfl BFre 3rr,rx cv-
,qnocrer?, 3Harir{r ona 6ecNa,{ccrBeHHa u <6esnu4ua>10 laneideos), ;u-
42
uer{a sriAOCa! a 3Haqi.rT, oFra rz He cyqecTByeT, He B coocToflHrl.v Boo6qe
ce6f flpofltsrrtF, L{, c,xeAoBare,/IE,Ho,He Mo)Ker 6ltm Hta xoporuefi (aga-
thon), r,ru 4ypnofi (cacon). Ec,rrz >xe MarepHr o6,raAaer cBoaN{ efi4ocol,r,
T. e. cy{qecrtsyer, To oHa ueng6exso npoucxoAlaT LIg Errara, orKyAa
BCe-n xopoffree, Lr Aypnoe. Cneloaarenruo, I,I MarepLIJr He Mo)Ker
6srrl snorur, raK KaK oHa ueo6xolrNra A,rfl rroJrHorbl KocMoca (symp1-
erosin ttrv pantos cosmo-v, 729 a)rl.
Co6clgeuFio toBopff, To, r{To MbI Ha3bIBaeM 3,rto\{, ecrb He riro I{Hoe,
KaN <ocna6.merrue Iz HeAocraroK 6nara> (astheneia cai elleipsis toy aga-
thoy, 7i)2 b). 3no (polr{Aaercr r{e paAfi caMoro ce6n, a pagu 6nara>
{732 c}, r e. can{o no ce6e (KaK raKoBce rre cyuecrBYer> (733 a),
(KaK raKoBofo ero HurAe uer-> (733 c).
VHr.roepcl'tr, lioxo.flcb Ha qe,rrocrHo rroHflToM E,rare, 06"'raAaer B
cBfl3r.i c 3ri{rvr I'croilqHBocrbro ]] HepyulrMocrbH] ceor1crs (9 1;3 b). tsnn-
Hatr w Hep"y{jnllMafl cB.fl3riocrt, BCCro MHpa 6"raroAapa eroli zgua.{a,']l-
Hoit rapMoFrnrz qacreri qe.loro Ilatro,lHrlrcfl (BcecoBepueHHbl\,r cor,ra-
cueNr !r eAffFror'rbrc,luena> (symphoniai pantelei cai homonoiai, 949 d) .
TaK, \,t{L{BepcyM oKagL,IBaercs npeKilacHbrM orneqarKoNr Br,xcilrero
b"tara no ncefi ero Mrroror4lreunocrrr r:r B\{ecre c reM Bo EC€M €f,o rr'r!-
6oqaftruevr eIrrHcrBe. Anrop rpaKTara otrflTb-TaKil Bo3Bparu,aercfl
x xapaK'repHo\rJr B3fJrflAy ll,'raroila Ha Marepr,rro KaK KopN,ir.r,'ruqy il
BocnpaeMHr{r1y ?flAocoB, crr4xnu roropor,r Moryr 6ltrl npnneAeHbr Koc-
Ituqecr<o"i teuuypruefi, ro c/'IoBaNI ll,taroHa, (K llalrBblclreilI soeinrox-
Hoft 4nn Hr,rx Kpacore r.r K HairBbrc[rel,ry coBeprxeHcrey> (Tim. 53 b).
Heon,qar'?Fru!\<w. u B ToM iiucr.Ie llpoN,t, coBpeMeHHuK arra.rrrr3lrpyeMoro
HaMLI coqr.{Hennr, HaoSopor, a6co.urorr.i3r,rpyror 6eso6pasirocrb Mare-
pLiIi, Fie Fiaxoxs B nerl u cJeIoB Bblctrrero o6paaua, cquratr ee ec/Tr{ 14 He
caMuM J,Tolvr, To npuHrrurroM 3.[a f,r-q yMa H A]ururr.
llpuirurnrr. u3 Koropb{x rrcxorrir aBrop rpaKTara, Aaror Bo3Nro)K-
Hocrb cr.en&Tb BbrnoAbr, ueo6xollltrste .I,1rtr r43yqeHllfi r.r orricaufiq He
To,rbKc Btrlctr;efo Er'I&ta, rio u nroforo npe.{Nlera Hau\,{eiicBaFlun. Tpe-
6ogaH[.{e no.]Triorbl IIoMriHarI,ur4 rieBo.rrbuo tlpHBoAHT K noucxa]r s c@epe
JIeKcr.{Ku, clri-{oHlrMrlKII, aHToHL{tloB, 3IrIireroB, 14HTeplrperalluii, xo-
ilo,qHI{TefibFItj{-\ 3IlaqeHI,ri? rr yrc.tuenuil, t. e. K ToNIi/, qeNr e ueo5x,'IltH
lIO,Tb3yeTcn Ca\'r aBTop TpaKTaTa.
3Aecs craarirc,q qpesBiri,rairrro axly'a.ilulrii Borrpoc o6 1.r"ry6,reuucrvr
'[oHLIMaHI,tft idOF{TeKCTa, r]TO B CBOhI OqepeAb CBfl3aHO C 3TI,INIO,.IOI.HIIeC-
KIIMII fioffcKanu (rranput\{ep, ((co,'rHrre>, (r(pacora>), noseonxruqr{Mr,I rie-
peocMblcr'rr.rrb, HalpprMep, crapoe cJoBo B HoBoN{ Ayxe (Hanpr4Mep,
npeArtoqr.rTaeTcfl (3poc>, a ue <aran:>).
43
 H e sosl,roxu ocrl ucvep nblBaloue B blp a3 I4Tb n p eAlter H a nMe EoB a H I{F
B ToqHbrx repMrrHax [pIIBoAI4T x o6oraqeur]o [o3TI{LIecKo]-o g3blKa I,t}
B IIaCTHOCTI4, elo CI4MBOJIIIKI4, A TaKr-Ke TpOnOB' K nOIlblTKe 3CTeTI4qeC-
KO|O rro3HaHufl npeAMeTa IIpu flBHoil ]ieAocTaTor{HocTI4 elo HayqHoro
ofrHcaHufl. 3ra ecrerr4galll4fl [peAMera cKa3blBaeTcfi 14 B c3MOhl CTIiJIe
li3,'rox{eHuq AaHHofo TpaKTaTa, B KoTopoM c oco6ofi BF}ipa3fiTeJl}riiocTblo,
I-iCnOJIb3yeTCfl /TeKCHXa (IOXBaJIbi)' (BOCIIeBaHIifl>' (IipOC,''laBIeHI4fl)'
cro"rlb xapaKrepHafl Ar'Ifl 3HKOMuil. cnOCoS I4CC,iIeAOBaHI4fi enl4llor0 qe-
floro c ltoMolqblo MHo)KecTBeHHocTLI Ill{eH, }Ia Ha[I B3I.ISA, BCe eiqe npo-
AOJr)Kaer rpaAxrllilo op0zqecKux rl.lMHoB u rIlNIHOrpa*iriu noo6uleu
npaBAa, B HoBoM o6IqecrBeHHoM, LIFITeJ"IeKTVa"TIbHOM H AVXOBHOM KOI{-
tettclels.

IIPIZMET,IAFI14'I

1. Cu.: A. A. T a x o-I- o A u. Xy,{o;xecreenHo-cuNrso"rrtqecxnil cMbICrJfl

i paKrara flopilupna <<O neqepe uur'Irp> <Bonpocu Itnacctr.tecxc,jl tpruo,uo-
rurr)), Bbrri VI. i,lsa l[iy, 1976, crp ).-27.
-
2. Cu., A. A. Taxo-f oAu. 3crerti{eci(ile reH!,eHI{II[ B <<Kc]r,{r4cHTa-'
punx> llpor<na K n,'IaroHoBcronay <<'Iuveto>>. C6. <3creruna t't ;riu3rlr,),, No 5,
M., 1977, r:rp 27A-295.
-
3. Tericrlr fipuBoArrcr ro r3Aar]Lro: Patrologiae cursus completus. Series
graeca accurente J.-P. lligne, 1. III S. Dionysius Areopagita, P., 1857"
4. O ssauN,rocna:n ,{pecnafurlrl{ c HeoIIJ'IaroHLIqecxr.Ir,ttt nAetN]].1 cld -

M ii I I e r, H. F. Dionysics, Proclos, Plotinus, MLinchen, l9lB.

5 O6 or,luqnlt Heo[,'raroHirqecrroti u apeoraf ]lrct(oir :ruauaqui ctni E liHu-
I'Jr E rj,I Kon B B. Br.rsaHrurtcxa.fl acrerr.ir(a, M, 1977, c, 38
6. O cucrenae aHrunolrzii Kar{ <<ciro).r{Hoii qerocrnoir 3HaKoBori cnc'i ei\{e)> E'
apeonararcKux KoM[,reHTaplirx cNr: Blruroe B. B Bngasrnicx..rR 3crcrrrKa,
c. 39-43.
7. O napaaorice c"'loeecHoli <<6ecc",roeecHocrII)> r Ha peAI(ocrb l\4HotLlpertuBo "
ro <(t4o;'irl3rrufl>> cl"r.: ABepr.rHqeB C. C. lloaruxa paHHeBlt3alrrujicxc;fi ,rrurd^
p.rrypbr. M., 1977, c. 139
B.3creriztra cBcra LI co,THua B t,lx cr.rMBor-ruqecxoii 3aocrpeH]'!ctTl,l j II.ra.
"rloceernr. Cu.: A. @. Jf o c e e, I,Icrcprz r auril.ruofil
r()Ha paccx,rorpeua A. O.
screrrixrr. Br,rcoxas r(,'raccuKa. M, 1974, crp. 240-248.
9. O cosepqaHr4r-r r1 3xcra3e c,r,r.: Vol k er W. I(ontemplation und Ekstase
bei Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita, Wiesbaden, 195E.
10. O a 3la.ut4r OecxaqecrseHuocru n He:
5e:c6pa3r{ocrr4, 6ecQopnreuriocr:zj
re,recHocru (asorratos) MarepaIi,cp. Perpeet W.Antike lsthetik,t\linchen,
1961, S. 75.
11. Cp: Procl. in Tim., 115 e, rre roBoplrrcfl o 3JIe KaK orcyrcrBr.l, rlepbt
B Hey[oprAoqeuHofi uarepnrr (as1,66.1t;u). 3. Bpeiie noJraraer Ha sroM ocHoBaHfiIr]
44
qro llpoK,'r He Br.raxr 3rta ts caMoiA xlarepill{ (B r e h ie r E. Histoire de ia pbilc-
sophie,
'i'. I. q87)
2., P , 196
12. Ciu Buf iidre F. i-ea mvthes d'Homdre et la pens6e grecque.
9., 1956, p. 54+. Cp. Koc h H. Procios als Quelle des Pseudo Dicrt,sius Areo-
ragita in der Lehre ',rom Bosen "Philologus". Bd. 54, 18'5.
13. C.
- ceoeii cropor.rbr r.jaxoir4r B rl vrr;x
C AnepulrIeB co apeo,r:]-
ILITCKT.IX COriilr;eHI{9.X allaJlol Mallepe> Flonria, gllna V B H
<<rOgul,lri :J

lC. C AaepuHueB lloarirNa patucau::aHruilcxoit ,rlrrep3rypbl. l'{, 1971,

c 138 r,n ).

J" J oJbTr-&mq0

dIUJ LO638ObJ 66J,JOJ6'3II "DE DIVINIS NOMINEBUS"

lr3%o333
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A. A TAKHO.GODI

PRAISE OF 'IFIE WORD iN Tf{E TREATISE

..DE DiVINIS NOIV1INIBUS''

Summary
The treaiise "De divinis norninibus" (V-VI c.'A. Il.l deals.
with the problem of the name and the object it denotes, which is
very important not only fe; antiquity but for the following epochs
as well.
In this treatise one can't help paying attention to the firm con-
viction, primordial for antique consciousness, that understanding
of the unity ol an object and its name is ontological but not formal.
The essence of things emanates irom their names, lirhich are no-
thing else but "performances" (proodoys) of their essence' comple-
tely possessing the force hidden in the object, which neither dirnini'
46
 shes nor is divided into parts in the multitude of names, aild i.s an
imprint (ecmageicn, ectypcma) or a seal (sphragis)of tlie sub-.tance
itself . Here, on the one hand, terniinology inthe Platon;c sense of tire
ri'ord is quite evident ("Tirneus") and, on the other hand, trre can't
but notice that its meaning dilfers: according io Flato and ii'e h;eo-
:iatortics emanation in the process of emanating from the idea lo-
ses its force more and more, and is unable to express this iciea ade*
quately. Cognition of the esseilce of the supreme Good is fcrmed Lry
means of the multitude of narnes-emanations. This suprerne Gcrud ot,
in other t'vords, Necplatonic Unity yiclds neiiher to sensa'rion (ais-
thisis), nor to in-ragination (pl'rantasia), nor to the selse ..if touch
(epaphe); it does not yield to any speculation (doxa), cogniiion (epi-
st-me), reasonii-ig (iianrla), thinkrr:g (naesis) as ii is above the "mrnd"
(nois) anci "naiure" (oysia)" That is why the supreme Gooci iseither
leir unexpresseci or demands ior its clcfinition ari errclless nunrber oi
nominations. it follows from r,rrha'r has been said that the --.'rip'reme
Good might have some narrre, but at the same time it is not named
loyte iegeiai)and it is not expresseC (o.v're cnomadzetai). It is ziL:ove
any names (hyperonyn-ron), it is multinarned (ec pantos onr.irlatos),
it is anonyrrous (anonymon). That is r,rhir for apprehending the su-
preme Good people rest-rrt tri siiirfols, sensuous images, u'hictl (as
the author puts it) are modelled (periplatloysi) in the antique
spirit.
Con'rprehension oi the object of the nane as a rvhole is iraiisfer-
red by the author to the whole rvorld, compared to an inrlivisible
organism, in which everything serves the aims of the f inal l'iarmony.
In spite of the Neoplatonic tradition, substance (hy1e) rs not
regarded here as evil. It is necessary for the completeness of the
ilorldlir life, taking part in its "crder" (cosmos), "beautv" (callos and
"plausibility" (eidos). The treatise is u'ritten in the genre of anti-
que encomium. The method of investigation of the s:ho1e ubject of
the name by means of a multitude oi names continues the tradition of
orphic hymns and hymnography in general , but in a new social , in-
tellectual and spiritual context, and a number of thoughts on the
problern of the name and the object it denotes, formulated scienti-
fically logically r,vithout any connection r,vith symbotric-rn1'tho-
logical -consciousness, might be usef ul to moCern science ahoilt ihe
t*'ord.
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55
D. SU/liFADZE

COMMENTARtrFS TO PROCI-US'S "EI-EMEhTS OF THEO!-GGY'

..PARTtrCIPAT!OI!''

(Commentaries to Chapter I)

Summary
Ttre paper isan attempt to interpret the basicconcept of the
first chapter in Proclus's "The Elements of Theologl"'- partici-
paticrn, as the primary 1at, ol the structure of the rvolid' Exist-
ence, proceeding and emanating irom its beginning' ccrnta;ns innu-
merable manifestaiions of the m u I t i p I e and endlessly lcturns to
its beginning-One. This is the highest act of participati<rn in the
world; This is whai takes place in the case of any mul ti pl e: any
m u 1 t ip 1e, in ihis or that way, participates in its One. This lirst
philosophical law iormulated by Proclus, participation, connects
Proclus's theological model with Plato, and through tr1ato-with
Pythagoras. Inasmuch as Proclus's "participaiion" was a development
of Pythagoras's 1'mintesis" (in Plato's theory of ideas, "nuilbers'"
are substituted by " ideas", and "mimesis"--by "palticipaiion"),
the paper suggests a r,vay ofrevealing the conceaiedcontent of n u rn-
b e r, a way which passes through the concept of participation and
leads to a new problem of the biblical God and his image as tc the true
n u m b e r and the n u m b e r rvhich results from,,.A4imesis,,.
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fpysurolr3 Bt(13alrv.ilcrofi rl.rrcparypbr.

I A. I-OI-ASFIVILI

ON TWO ANCIENT GEORCIAN STA'I'EMENTS CONCERNING TFIE

PERSOI\ALITY AND WEI-T,ANSCFIAUUNG OF TFIE AUTFIOR OF
AREOPAGITIC EOOKS

Sun'rmary
The paper cousiders turo ancient Georgian statements concerfl-
ing the personality and Weltanschauung of Dioniisius the Areo-
pagite, staternents that have so far escaped the attention oi scholars.
These are:
1. A rnetaphrastic account oI "Tire Dorinitiern of the Virgin",
rvhich, according to the testir-nony of the translertqrr , is ascribed to
Basil the Great (4th century), contains the informatjon that Dio-
nysius the Areopagite, the conjectural author of areopagitic boolis,
was apparently present at the dormition of the Virgin in Jerusalern,
and this is, apparently, mentioned in "De divinis norrinibus". Thus.
the impression is made as though Basil the Great rvas acquaintecl
t'ith areopagitic books and he aitests that the auihor of these books
lived in the Ist century A. D. F{orvever, "TheDormrtion oi the Vir-"
gin" is a metaphrastic work anri the information concerning Diony-
sius the Areopagite 'ul,as introduced into it from "n-audation of the
eternally Virgin Mary"; Irom apocrypha by Maxinrus the Coniessor
(zth century), translated into Georgian at the j',rnction of ihe 1Oth
and 11th centuries by ELithymius the Athonite.
2. in "Dogmaticon", a work recognized as a brilllant monument
of Christian philosophical and Christian thought, r,vritten by Arsen
Iqaltoeli, a renowned Georgianphilosopher of the 71-121h centurieso
it is statedthatDionysius the Areopagite was a disciple of the Apos-
67
tle Faul. Arsen trqal toel i himself used areopagitic books to
refute monophysite viervs and quotes well-known authors, rvho
ernployed these books in argumentation against dyophysites.
The above sources do not corroborate the conjecture of Shalva
Nutsubidze that in ancient Georgia "Dionysius the Areopagite" was
known to be the pseudonym of Feter the Iberian. It turns out, on the
contrary, that old Georgian scholars had only traditional infor-
mation concerning Dionysius the Areopagite, information which
reach'ed Georgia through the medium of Byzantine literature.
 53q0 SJbJdrJdC

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1 M i g n e 3: [): coelesti hierarchia' 14] A.

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70
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'!leHi.{e", uafi" 1914, C115, 63. 562.
2 C r,,t a p rr o B, Pyccxan Jrnrgparvpa o coqr.irreHll.flx c t{MeHeM ca. f{nouHcnn
A.peonarara,,,fpaeocraeHoe o6ospeHze", \,/I, 1972
:r. O. tsardenhe'uver, Geschicirte der altchristlichen Literatur, trrt'ei-
burg, 1924, vol. IV, S 282.
4 S Antoni adis, Places dela liturgie dansla tradition cies lettres
grecques, Leiden, 1939, p 166.
5 E lr{ 'o r d e n, Agnostos Theos, Leipzig-Beri in, 1923, p 82.
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bB. 96-
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jdrot,6ooSgq'o SJoo3go ,,o3o g%5?oo3Lo o6Lorrq" (ob. jg563 ob36o3qo, t6o3Xbo,
s,b., 1961 $. 3o3o33q'g3o, 33. 0153.)
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-
i$'o6c63l-'o.
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:onepclropqro %33o8cogorj35q'o.
itnapd;yvaoros (DN 592 D) %3t.r.3g5cnb3q'o.
-
'5n.epriia3'oE (DN 641 A, 680 A) %3;3orogo.
bnepxooproq (CH 284 D) -
%tAVSc.'b6o, %3fl3t1o36o.
{,,n6px"a),o; (MTh 997 B)- %3?c',,:l-,o.13c.r3, %X3t335'o36gbo.
tnepovpd,v,"oq
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(DN 645C, 641.
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- %3t-,o5t-'3.
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%;UoBo5.or, plroBo6-c.,31o.
-
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%3bp63b6o3o, UfiACflq-. -%Cb-161boc,o,
o636oo13q'o,
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(DN 641 D; 593 B; 649 A; CI-{ 273 A; eO5 B; MTh
Urcopo6o'r,06
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36o3oq'%X 36o3o*'o.
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b3:3-.q,q.3caq'c.'L q, L b3.

3.,p;'r i3;oro ol-,3c.,o 3o3rq'oo.ro ?3odq'3bcnq,c q,,:g33Lob3q,Xbo5->, rrcn8

DN II, \ 1025 A) eo 36;3oq'o Lb3.

L;3:6gboq, g3o6q,o ?33836qXor 6363o6%3 6r5p&eo;.

"rnore than God, absolute God". 3. o. q336ar%3 3rOn, obLc.rqpg36o

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qo l-'o,13org5'o (6nara -
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q'oL orb%gq'3b3bto. UUi'lre(jbu So3sjgoma, od 63 r8n6oL 39633ot3gq'
?3 Lo653ot,L:

t Sophocles, E. A, Gieeh Lexicon of the Sonan and Byzantine Periods

Nerl' York, 1900, s. v.
2 Thesaurus graecae lingua. ab Henrico Step hano. Farisiis, 1855,
V. VIII. s. v. inipfleog.
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t M i g n e, Patrologia graeca, 4 Sancti Maximi Scholra, 401 D.
3 nb. Georgii P achymerae, Paraphrasis in Sancti Dionysii epis-
tolas, Migne, P G, 4.
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r.J {" MAKHARADZE

ON CEfITAIN PECUI-IARITIES OF Ti{E LA.}{G[JpicE OF

PSE{.JDO. DIENYSXUS -iliIE ARECPAC ITE

Summary
in connectior- u-ith certain peculiarities of the Ianguage ol Dio-
njisius the Areopagite, trr,:o of these features are basically considered
ir ihis paper: ti-le superlative degree and 6n6p-as a prefixal ele-
ment u-ith a high frequency vaiue"
Adjectives in the superlative degree occur most freqr-renily in
tfte treatise "De celesti hierarchia" which is, basically, an Areopagi-
tic model ol the structure ol metaphysical being, i. e. the hierarchi-
cal ievel of emanation of divine iight. Every level is characterized
by a greatei or Xesser degree of divinit,,,, depending on urhether it
is regarded bv us ior an upu'a.d or dorvnrrard riirection. As a result,
{1.1e and the essence appears in combination rvith antonymig p2j1s
oI attributes, e. €i., the lor,vest -the highest, the nearest and the farther-
nuost. etc. That is. that which is the nearest to the \\/ortrd, is far-
ttrermost lrom Go.j, etc. Tilereiore. the grammatical degrees of com-
iral ison are qu!te oLlrposefuill. used, and are indispensable for ren-
e,tering the author.'s ineaning"
As regards w"ords and terms with the prefix ,'6n6p-n,, most
,r,l ihem occur in the treaiise ,,De divinis nominibus', in u,hich
is shori'n tiie possrbiliiy and impossibility of cietermining the :rreo-
iragiiic One, r. e. God.
Inasmuch as tire Areopagitic God is supergod (umdp8.eo;) and
[r,s essence is superessence ('!napcucir), all his attributes are super-
liltive, superkini ii;epdp;r$,r;), supeibeaulilul (5ru6px.2),o;), super-
perfect (',i;;apre)iri;), superfuli (5;;epr.il;p4e), superbright (Ercep:parl1:)
s,rperiuminous (6ru6ppur1a;)... Thus, each of these words in the above
ireatise have a terminological lc,acl and this phenomenon cannot
be negarded as merely the author's rvish to mal<e his style elevated.
CN
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A. BAKRADZE

POSIT|VE AND NEGATII/E THEOC-OGIC,qL SPECI-JLATIONS IN

SOLOVlOFF'3 PTIiLGSOPHY

Surnnrary
The Areopagitics trad a positive impact on the developrncnt oi
'dialectical ideas during the ,!liddle Ages and the Qenaissance, but
it has only a historical value ioday. The grea.i infiuence ol the
Areopagitica on Russian reiigious phiiosophy, especially on its
Neoplatonic branch, was clearly apparent at the enci of the 19th
and at the darvn of ihe 2Oth cetrturv.
V. S. Scilovioff (1853 19OO) r,r,as the greatest lepresentati-,.e
- V. S. Soicvir:if vas a represen'cative of
of the Russian Neoplatonics.
"an empirical theology, as Pseudo-Dionysius had been. The positive
,knovuledge of God is rendered b;,, \v-ay of the lnanilestation of
119
God in Divine Names; Solovioff quotes a fundamentai ihesis of
theAreopagitica and tries to extend the principie of thernanilestation
of God not only to Christianity, but io the pre-Chrisiian religious.
"Weltanschauung" as rvell.
Soiov iof f dif ferentiated the f oi lowing stages of rei igrous re-
velatior-r: rratural revelalion (natural religions, naturaiistlc "\Vel-
tanschauung"); negati-ie revelation (Bud.dhism and uniiatelai!-v as-
cetic retrigions); positive revelation (Judaism, Platonicisnr, Alexan-
drian and Neoplatonic theory, Christianiiy).
Each stage of revelation reveals to mankind certain aspects of
the r:ssence of the Absoluie. This in its turn determines 1-he way that
Man cognizes his self-being, Lris existence and hence dete.inrines the
matcrial and spiritual r,alues on which tfris or thai hurnan culture is
based.
Solc,vioff ccnsiders that the acme oi the synthesis oi tlrc positi-
ve lneaning of pre-historic religions is embodied in Chrisiianiiy*
It is the acme oi establishing God-Mr\l{ in u'orld history.
AccorCing to Solovioff, the A.bsolute in itself is beyon.l any Xogi-
cal ciefinition. Soloviolf uses an Areopagitic term to describe fhis su-
periority over everything: the Absclute is a Superbeing. This Super-
being defines'itself as Unity by contrast to the Manifold, to every-
thing it creates and unites (the Absolute is a positive nonentity).
Everything is dir,ine, God is rnanifested in every being. This.Arecrpagi-
tic thesis leads Solovioff to mystic paniheism. This thesrs is
a basis for his positive theology. Cn the other hand, Solovioff de-
nies that God is everythtng, because aithough Cod is nranrtrested in
everything, at the same time God surpasses everything, is irarscen:
dental. Tf is is a basis lor Solovioff's negative theology.
When describing the origin of the en-rpirical world (the empiricaX
r,vorld is a result of the actualisation of the possibility of th.e chaotic
being that exists in the bosom ol God), Solovioff deviates frcnrl both'
the emanational and creational interpretations of the Areopagiiics
while in the evolutionary approach to the development of the world
he essentially shares an Areopagitic point of view' For the sake of
Divine love, God sacriiices His absolutivity to the world, the worid
which has erupted out of His orvn bosom and has "rebelleci" against
Him; God penetrates it (kenosis); with His ideal forms I-le gradi"rally
passes through everything and thus He returns to Himself' On the
other hand, as a result of Lhis process everything strives to return to
God anC to regain in Him the perfection ii had lost (Theosis)'
 c006Jm05 G,J000t30q0

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Eoq'o $363o5o,,5o3oo1-,;' qr ,;3;b3r'3bo[-" J.:cr:q:"-]i-"il6;q tSSrtqte,l'r
i,b"g,'o $g63o6o ,oLcn', 6c'r8gq'o6 Sogo'ror,:5 36orory co;[,:rcrL;bc'rbt-' -r0qn,1-
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eoOoUq $360o6%3 qo o33goq63bL ,;;3?o6L'' ,,:[-',n1," ,5r-'3c',ol-,o' Qr '1.'r3-
to,ioL,' Jo6oq,3q'3looq, 3;o5g ob8o&,p br b3c"d6 gq'oqor6 pmo6335Cqoq, !J-
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- b36d36otror1oL 63pojgnoo, o6Bnqo.5o,
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5. b36d35o?3oc-"[, -cqoJOnn-, g.2 gob:oL3bo o3oBg6o%obo q,o 6gLo33qoiuoo
ob., 1937.
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q,op6oo oq'.o .bgq.o'g3, o. ?oSodoro 63q'o jg.,oo, ob., 1957.
If6.- 5333LooL 13iiXq., bg53bnU,o3L, ,jog"Lo. bX6d6pq'oo6o5 6up3oq3bgq,o oe-
' o6C JCOoo9r.l 3n36. jo6ogq'o gXjt,go ?3oUflo3q'o, goSnUo6XSop q,oo8toq,
qo q,3 jLo1o6-LodoXbq'3bo qrop6om b. 5o660033, ggoq' oLo, 1914.
Eoq,"O ADq,rSCr.sr) 3o!c6o 3JoLr6-q'3... Jo3q3Uo. oboqo oqojSo, 1963.
66. b.5do. - ?6-1.?, q,o Smqgofl3boo qn6ruoq, gbo63bnlroo flOnqoto qo SXgo6oL'o
3o3oLc Png;5o,: 6-o5oq'oUoo6jo3o6p6o$oLoc. boSgooL,o qo ?:$b26coobo oq>
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6i6.- qro3oo 536o3'-.i3oq'o, po3ooooSo, o5,. 1955.
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g>3o,13q'X3r p. TJ,jlrn,J-5n qog6oo Sooo 5ugo3o3, ob, 1978.
qoUq oqqS q,[,,.o;l,gq'6o oqq5o3oLo6o, J. o6go6-y3o, ob%gq,3booo ;63bgqo
goSo IIi, oL. 1965.
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'l .ifl doL,oq'o ,i3L:6oXq'o, 3j3L,or eq'Sorq; gd33q'gl,o 66qojgoXbo buLoq,o,lg-
bo6o5q'o[ ,,3,j!Lre" qq3o:oUo'( pc 56o3nr SoL3qoU oo6g3o53boLo ,,,106o1,0 o6-
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bgqo 33m61,6\., 1964.
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o bo66og. o3o31no% bc56o$oo5o, qo3oo bog6ogooSoU o119-6o0. 65jUgo 3oo3-
toq:,-go0o33q'33o qro Loc'ogbq'3bo qog6oo o X53jod33, ab.,1972.
.o1cO I -: oSoOg6o!5 31633q'o, ob%pq'3booo L6pgo,163bgq'o. gxiLgo, 603o33q.33o,
q'3JLn;o5o cq' bu6oSodoL qro g. No;obooL 65qcj6ooo, ggogoLo, 7934.
nte.- ooryo3o6 en, {.lijj q'oqo;ogXgo?goq'o, 39q-ogo5o d33q' Lojodrir3Sq'o?o, XVI
, Uog3359, oU.,1938
;Joq'3. I ooo53 bogr6r?3oq,o, ,ioqSoLobo. geSo Joo63q.o. 1. ,1539q.odoUo qo oq,. bo-
-
6olodoL 63q,u1lgoror, ggoq'obo, 1936.
134
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-
4oSodoL 6gq,ojgooo, ob., 1948.
,Jr(J. oa g6o6oq'o 5ot 3q'o, 3ogoUo ogSbSgxbolro-41,, gd33q'xLo 6gpoi6oSbo bobo-
-
q,o SXLo6o5q'oL ,.3jgL,oo qqSooobo" q,o g6ogoq' 5oL3q,oL, oo6g3o53boLo ,,30--
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-
gu, 3o3o;3q'X3o q-o q'gjUo3-6'o q,og6-o o. obpq'or:i33, ab., 1964.
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oo.53 q3ooU01OUACqnl, Uo3oScL'0, gooo, 19a2.
doqoL" .3oq'oL,gq'oo 3o3o6o SJolrSoq'3 ... Jo3q'6lrn. oboq'o oqo;130, 1963.
g" 3-[ts,- qo 3ojoq,o,!o]oo fSoq-ol,o qo 536orioL'c 3o3oLo 6335obo
-.,gbo363boo
':,'rndrSo Soof 3oq-X q'oLror", rAooAO II.
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6c3oL6o
-.,or5g
oq'oo:b3qod3a, 1960.
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Lgo "s. obpq'od33, o. to6n,inlr 65q,oigooo, 1955'
3eqro. .,3nJoXq' 3oq,o33nq.nl,3o36gbo" X t., V. II
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-
3go6oL o0663o5o,,. goSnlrgo L,o3uo5 X5'gjo?3oqOo, o3., 1961.
3. o56ocp.-3. o6'3o6-y3o, ob%gq,3booo 369bgq'o, j. 3, o5., 1965.
3C06. I ,,omo53 J366ofloL t6o33bo. g I, 36o3q,3 qouqoboUoLo Jq'ogo536obo
roq'eLmgoLoLo;cato66o". jo6ogqo OC,jirO. goSoL6o po 3o3o;3q.g3o qo
r'3j1ro;n5o er.C6oo Uo8. 5ogb6o?3oq8o, 19o0.
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- ,oor51
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o'31, !. 5333lodX3 qo U. yo3bBot3oq'Oo, 1937.
Lo5. Lo6g,io l6o3oq.oo3o 864 flq'oL'o, 6o3oUgo o. to6od33, 1959.
bosj. - LoojoSoorr qoqo 3ogggo?3oq'o. SXqrogoSo dggq' l,ojo6o3Xq.oto,
-,,$,o36o
X I II tr., I qJo.
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6nU 3oX6,'. ob%pq,3bo5o, g. III, 6o3oUog33oq 3oo3%opo 03. qoq,otAoqOo, 1963.
Loo5. brmb'nXSoos
3obx, go3oUo633oq 3oo8'boqo, goSo;3q,X30, tXSo?356bo qo qC,r-
-Lo;o5o qoog6oo oA. q'oq'ot3oq,3o, 1968.
lLoL. L o53o6o53o, ,,d35q,o jo6oSq'o LoL'gq'o66o Jm3%oo.,,Vna. I. 69jL63bo
- VIII-X Log3p53gbo, 1913.
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- pop6oo b. oo6q,o6ot3oq'30.
'b6o5 goo6go 3o5o%o5oLon" Lo3 3ogb6o?;oq,oL go3ogg3o, 1920.
-,,bAo6og6ogo
T. K- LIKHTI,II]]BUITU

0 TEPMT.|HAX, O603HAqArOUlr4X OAHO @T,TJTOCOOCKOE

NOH'TI,IE B APEBHEIPY3I,{HCKOM
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B 4peenerpy3r.rHcKoM Ar'rff o6osHaqeHlrfl $ranocoQcxoro roHflru-tr
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135
Jrr.rreparype 6rtnu ligeecrulr cr'reAyroqre repMul{br: <cesi> (lopa4ox,
conoAqLrHeHHe), <nivii> (neqs, rpeAMer, uarepzx), r<aso> (6yxra
ezcrb r€r'r?, a"'-reMeHr), <agebuleba> (crpoeuue), <stykisi> (stuko, sty-
kio), <kav5iri> (e4uHcrBo, coro3, coeAr4HeHHe). Zsyuelrue coorBercr-
ByIOU{erO Marepuar'Ia BbrfiB}i,ro eule HecKo,'rbKo TepMlrHoB Toto x{.e co-
Aep)KaHun: <buneba> (npupola), <<zali>> (cu;ta), <tyteba> (uepla, cnofi-
crBo), <romeloba> (xauecreo), <dveuleba> (ceoficrno, crpol:i).
Teplruno.lorr4rrecKyro Syuruuro (cesi) Brepsue orueru"'r A. IIIa-
HrrA3e. B Aa.rlseiiuex{ 3ror repMuH 6u,r npzsHau oulH6oninuM xrepe-
BOAgrlr rpeqecKoro Tb oTorxEioy.
<cesi> uau6o,ree pauuufi ug o6ogHa'rarcx1l4x 3r'reMer{T'rrr Mr4po3Aa-
-
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N<aHI4e tpeqecKoro (ororXoio'/).
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(aso) I4oauuor,r flerpuqu. Buscuu,rocb, qro (aso> r.r rragebuleba>
-
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-
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neba>, <zali>>, <tyteba>, <romeloba>. Bce uerlrpe cnopaAriqr.rlJ M ocra-
iorcfl B lpaHlJilax LIHT1UBHAJ/a.rIbHOlO IlCrO.rIb3OBaHnfl .

trZoaan llerpuqu rlcno,'rb3yer 143 ?'tvx lpaArrrrlioHHbrx repMi.rHoB

(aso); B tieCKOJ'It,KHX c/'lyqatlx noATBepIH,loCo <rOmelobax. FtrepenO4a
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vSiri>, Bno"rrHe oilpaBAaHHbrii c ro.{Kr.r 3peHxq HeollJraroHligMa; AJtfi npo-
uecca co3r.rAanun (cornopeHrin) r,rraBHoe He MarepIlaJlbHbre a/'leMeHTbI,
uo cnoco6gocrb conpflq acrtrrr, cKpe[r'Iel]xtI, coeALIHeHIiq.
Ocuoea <kavSir> 3airMCrBoBaHa u3 rrepcuAcKorc (krifsin
HIIe, CKJIeHBaHLIe,,ryXeUr.ie).
- coeAllne-
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ero ocHoBa He MHoro3HaqHa. Eo"ree roro, B ,rnTeparypHo}4 rpy3r]Hc-
KoM, Ao llerpuqu, 3ro c,'roBo ue o6napyxeuo.
flo Hauelrl/ MHeHflro, ocHoBa <karr5ir> npr]BHeceHa rr3 lepcuACKo-
ro ycrHbrr\{ [)/rcN{ 14 pacnpocrpaHuJacb e xueori pevr.i. E rpysuucxufi
saHK r.rs )KriBorZ peql4) B replluHoJloruqecxol'i QVuxuzn,
'rureparypHHfi
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qHbrfi ,r,,'Ifl Ilerpuqu npuel,{ (C. KavxquIrreunil, I. ,A{enuxn- -
rueraJu).
r36
 fiecrpora repMVr{oB o6yc,roeneua, B ocHoBHoM, MIlpoBo33peHr{ec-
KlrMr,r 14 xpoHor'rorurrecKuMll ypoBHflMu. EonluugcrBo II3 ultx nts,l-firor-
cE rlourlnceMaHTIIqecKI{MI4 cr'IoBaMu, HeKoTopble I43 HIlx n6zparor
HecKoilbKo Qunoco$cxzx noFrqrufi. Apenurle Qn,rocoQur, qytscrBye
(HeAocraroqHocrb) Ka)KAoro repMHHa c aroti TotIKlI 3lleHllfi, cosAaror
HOBbIe, psAOM C KoTOpblMLi COCyUl,ecTByIoT Li CTapbIe Tepl\ll{}ihl

T. TSKITISHVlLI

ON SOME ANCIENT CEORCIAN TERMS NOMINATING

A CERTAIN PFIILOSOPFIIC NOTION
Summary
In the ancient Georgian language, a number of terms are emploi,-
ed to nominate the primary material sources of the Universe, i, e.
the elements.
So far, the following terms have been establisl'red in speciai iite-
rature: <cesi> (rule, understood as <order>), <nivti> (matter, +rhing),
<aso> (letter, part of the body), <agebuleba> (structure), {(stykisi}
(<stuko>, <stykio>), <kav5iri> (conjunction, union).
As a result of research, several other terms have been founctr to cor-
respond to the above notions: <buneban (nature, essence), orqali> (po'
rver, ability, energy), <trrteba> (feature, property) , <romelobar (defi-
niteness).
The use of the rvord <cesi> as a term u'as first
establishecl b-v A.
Shanidze. Subsequentl),, this term was understood as an errr)neous
translation of the Greek td o-LoL4aiov. <cesi> in the sense o{ <ele-
ment> is the earliest term in ancient Georgian, a term wetrl-tlrought'
out by Georgian scholars, but not a u'ord resulting from a n-lisun-
derstanding. <cesi>, <nivti>, (aso> are terms createcl in different
chronological periods to denote the Greek 1/" o:oLleicv from
different angle.s.
<<agebuleba> is customarily attributed to Giorgi the Aihenite,
rvhile <aso> as a term is ascribed to loann6 Petritsi It turns out,
horvever, that <aso> and <agebuleba> appeared eariiel, in texts of
the 10th and I lth centuries.
In the same period, ancl someurhat later, the followiiig terms
were established: <buneba>, <zali>, <tyteba>, .<romelobar, The-
se four terms occur sporadically and reilained as rlonce-words.
16t
 Of these traditional terms, Ioann6 Petristsi uses <aso> (in a few
cases, <<romeloba> occurs in his,writings). In his translations of Pro-
elus Diadochus, Petristsi introduces new terms: <kav5iri> fully
corresponding to the neoplatonic views. In the emergence
-
of some-
thing, the principal thing is not material elements as such, but the
power of uniting and consolidating that is proper to these elements.
The stem <kav5ir> is borrowed from Persian. (k:ifSir-to unite to
,glue, to tin). The term <kavSiri" differs from ai1 others in being mo-
nosernantic. Moreover, this word does not appear in literature before
Petritsi. In our opinion, the stem <kavSir> was an oral loan from Per-
'sian, and came into use at a later time in colioquial speech. It was
Petritsi who introduced it into the literary language as a term, which
was not unusual for him: he of ten made use of dialectal forms (S. Ka-
ukchistrvih, D. Melikishvili).
Ttre variety of terms is basically attributable to the difference in
Weltsanschauung and chronology. Most of them are polysemantic,
some of them nominate various philosophical notions. The older
philosophers, feeling this drawback, created new ones, side by side
"with which the old terms continued to co-exist.
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2 Proclus, The Elements of TheologY, by E. R. Dodds, Oxford, ,1963.
3 lI p o x;1, llepeoocHoBhl reoflorulr, T6.,1972.
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 IOANNf PETRITSI

COMIVIENTARY TO ..THE ELEMENTS OF THEOLOGY''

BY PROCLUS THE PLATONIC SUCCESSOR

Translated from Georgian into English

by N. Popkhadze
I. Petrova
 \,Ve have to cognize the essence of the main theological specula-
tions and to unclerstand belorehand the main idea of this book,
and the iclea of this bock lies in the following:firstly in that it reveals
the "Orue" and determine whether it is or it is not,,One", and with
the help oI the Laws of syllogism discover this much discussed,,One",
lest sornething that is not - One be considered to be ,,One", be-
cause among entities much seems to be One, but are not One.
Therefore the philosopher [Proclus] searches and .,vith the help oi
the La.vs of Logic finds the purity of unblemished ,,One". The
examples wili further clariiy the aforesaid:r,r'hen you take anything
for cognltion, be it heaven, soul, intellect, or be it the true Entity'
itself (which I cail the lirst Being and the first Composite),
neither 'rri these is One, because that also [the true Being], b,t,
its nature and the paris that constitute it is not pure and unble-
mished "Cne", as Parmenides used to teli Socrates.l He called
these conrposites a jungle and a temptation, and a philosopher-
a Laconean hound,2 because there are many things that insist on
being "One" and thai are interpreted urith the glory ol unity
as a resLrlt of the .smallness and density of their parts and owing
to their incorporeai genlrs, but they are connected with Nature and
thev consist ol parts, whiie the very unblemished true One has not
any connection whatsoever either with Nature, or with being or
complexlty of composition, but it is above all those.
.'\nd [the philosopheri demonstrates,,One" by offering an exam-
pie of the One, principle of numbers, and of the Many, and applying
larvs of the "Organon" proves that One comes befoie ali numbers.
As soon as he has demonstrated this fact and opposed it firmly to
any antagonist who is in error, he takes this demonstrated and ir-
refutable proposition and proves others [propositions]. And he pro-
ceeds thus, atrways doing the same, he takesthe first proved theses as
a base for succeeding theses and thus concludes the discussion, so as
it,like a boriy, be constituted of parts and eventually make its who-
leness.
And the title reads; "The Elements of Theology" by Proclus
Diadochus, a Platonic philosopher".
This Froclus, the successor of the divine school of Flato
rvas {onian by birth, of very high ancestry; his parents }rad no heir
and always prayed God to give them one. And thus they got
1 Piat" Farm. 131 c-d
' Flat. Parm. 728 c
212
a celestrial sign that,,they would begranted a son who rvould spend
all his life in contemplating the heavenly hierarch,v". Ancl on reaeh-
ingadolescence he, by incomparable purity that existed in hirn, surpas-
sed everybody: first of all I shall mention his purity rvhich suppres-
sed in him the sparkle oi youth that enhances the powers of feelings
and dreams and causes the debasement of the soul; secondly-the sharp-
ness of his naind and his scrupulousness in acquiring knowledge, be
it Logie or the Natural sciences, Mathematics, Geometry and even
Music, that trelp reveal the structure of Entities, and the laws of their
participal"ion in one another, as weil as their distinctions, thus
reveatr lng trow much higher the highest master,ir ol God, the demiur-
ge of life, surrpasses the contemplator. And, besides, he [Piocluswent
beyond every speculation about Nature, conserving, in time
and activity, these mere shadows and similes of the essence, because
thernajorityof these arelinked u,ith nonentitS'and thus, he
came to the true Being and Entity; but he did not stop at that, becau-
se he strove (to cognize) the One r,vhich was unattainable to his pre-
decessors, I say, even to Plato's supreme mind. ,r\nd as far as possible,
he strove [o cognize that desirable and beloved One; he revealed that
which was concealed and buried in Plato's clialogues and kindled the
wisdom (contained in them), i. e. the knowledge of the laws, which
co-exist with and are contained in Entitiesfrorn their origins; he
showed Flato's aspirations to that inconceivable ,,One,' and to the
whole rational and supra-rational Universe. Furthermore, he reject-
ed the teachings oi the ardent Peripatetics, followers of Aristoile,
teachings formulated as 1alvs, he revealed andshook the basis of the
correctness oi Aristotle's syllogisms which the Peripatetics used to
criticize Ptrato. And thirdly-he added to all this clear and obvious
proofs, abundant explications for which he 'uvas subsequentlv named
" Diadochus", meaning the Platonic successor.
We have told these things by the way.
As to these chapters, they are called the ,,Stichia of Theology".
S t i ch io n means"element"anCtherefore el eme n t was cho-
sen as tLre most simple oi a1l, because beginners are taught
simplest things first and then complex ones that consist of those sim-
ple ttrings" Likewise we lnove from the alphabet to words, and
from a word u/e come to a sentence, and from a sentence we move
to speech, as we learned in the "Periermeneia". As Sirlple was ma-
213
de earlier thanComplex, Iike tkre four el ements: fiire, air,,,va-
ter and earth, hence he called elements the simplest things in theolo-
gical speculations. And truly, what should a man learn before he
cognizes the One? And he thus simply found and rerreaXetl v'zhich
is the order of everlrthing, like intellect, soul, nature, hody, and
these text I shall explain in their proper places rvith the heip of the
First Logos, Christ our Lord.
But let us add a ferv words about reaCing, as to the ivay these
books should be read, as Socrates'uvas said to read like a ctriitrd and ha-
ving read once to return io the beginning again and again; bu'r you
should not conduct readingin a formal way, for to read and return to
alreadv read things is necessary for the cogniiion and understanding
of texts and for their analysis and slnthesis. A full-stop and other
marks like varia. oxia and perispomenon, and all othei-. should be
properl y used in sp eech in order to understand the meaning oi the text
properly. And bear this in mind that reading aloud hinrtrens the un-
derstanding of the already read text, as the sound of the r,oice carries
away the contemplator, that is, the soul . This is u,'hat concerns it.
And again, it is advisable and moreover it is necessarv to know
that the power and action of the soul are drlferent frorn those of the
intellect. In the briltriani language of the Hellenes everything has
its proper name according to their nature, lvhile neither transla-
tors rror any other men of ours have considered this point antl there-
fore I have great diflicuities nor,v in making a translaiion, because our
translatars use one and the same u'ord and definition for varjr.rLrs
things.
And now hear, that the action of the soul is calied "dianoia"'
and that of the intellect is called "noema", and something t.hat
should be cognized and is transcendental , is "noeton". l -shai1 take
each of these and explain them below.
First I shall treat of the soul, i. e. dianoia. This dianoia js not
asimple or non-complex act of cognition, it "is cogitation-trike", or
call it like "contemplation, reasoning" because the soul has jntel-
tual power in motion, complex and not simple like that of the intel-
lect, inasmuch as it contains the existent and the nonexistent.
When taking any decision- e. g. if I intend doing anything I say-
"Shail I do it or shall I not do it? and then followone of these ideasi
deciding either "yes" or "no". Hence, it rn'as given an approprJate
name "midmogoneba" meaning "contemplation", "reasoning",
Contemplationcf the soul is-Porphyrios says- like a walkingman
214
 r,vho proceeds not directly in a simple u-ay, bilt rvho improl'es hris
\\ray otr walking rvith every step that he takes. Thus is the soul aiso:it
passes from the first to the next by degrees, untitr i;[ gfasps ancl htin,rjs
the whole ihing that sfrould be cognized and asslmilates it to itsenl"
And as to the intellect, it ruoves in a sinple $,ay I rlie iille sun
that rises and sends sunbeams outside time a;-lcl moiirin, and rLhey
are sent not by and by, in a Xie,iiod of time, 'br,rt the sun'beams
appear simultaneously rvith the appariti'on of the dtsc. We notrce the
same with the intel 1ect, r,lihere there is intetrtrect. ccgnitron 1s
also tl:ere, because lhe intelleci is air','a1's accoml'aniecl br cc gni-
tion, as the sun is always accornpanied by sunbearns.
But urhat is noeton ? Everv noeton is above the oblect cI
cognitlon; So you see, l','hat nceton is ? It i: the congnlzabtre.
something iha'i is to be cognized. -
Norv hear: "coltemplation" for the soul , as has alrcady ber,'il sia-
ted, is other ti-ran cognition by the intellect, and J-tas also already
been stated. /rnd nor,ri n'e must find out what n o e t o n is. lihrs is
someihing that is to be cogiiized. Everything tc, he cognize d is
better than one urho cognizes this ihing. beqause that iihicl-i is
to be cognized is superior to sonieonc u,i'to ccg;iize.. ;'i; thisn,e sihall
clarifyby examples: the intellect is superior to thesoui anci the iltel-
lect has one essence and the soui l-ras enother, ijie -q,i,;, is a cognitor,
a learner and the intellect is something to be ccgnrzed. Tlieir again:
tl're true Being is superior to the inteltrect anC intetrlect is a cogniton,
and the true Being is that which is to be cognizerlr then:-the true
Being is that which is to be cognized; then:-the true tseing is inferror
to ttre divine anci One-like nurnber, because thay e.rre diiferent and
the essence of the true Being is different. A cognitor is tlie true Being,
whiie that which is to be cognized is a superessentian nurnber. A4ctr
again: cognitors are divine and superessential rnonarls; that ivhich
is to be cognized is the f irst lirnit and the first unlin'rited; ancl again:
cognitors are the first liinit ancl the first unlimltecl, u,hiie the
cognized thing is the incognizable O n e and G rl o cl, equally
above ali and u,hich was reverentialiy caltred ]rather.
Ail tirese separately, are accordingl,v both sub.jects and objects oi
cognition simultaneously, Therefore we rnust learn and know tha,t
everything to be cognized is superior to a cogniton, as more divine.
And besides knowledge of this is necessary: do you see? 'You
myst that each essence and substance may be cognized frone their
subsequents, and subsequents of essence are their potency and acti-.
215
ot-rs: whatever the aeti'rn-l may be, such witrl be potency andwhatever
the potency, suchr, wi{tr be essence also. And again, it should be
hrrowr,, that things that are first in nature are the iast in tl-re
spirere of cognit ion and subsequents in nature are primary,
i ike itreil esserxre and action are. Eecause in nature essence
is prtruar1,, anci when we cognize something, we comJnence
6o,gnizilg rvith ihe subsequents, i. e. the poiency and actions ol
thirugs. i\nd lvtrat,evei'the potencl,'and actions may be, such
u'lXn h,e the essence v,re cognize. Because every potency and action
aJi" proper to th, rs or that essence, And il an action be sirnple
rnell rncomposite, then its essence will al so be simple anci in-
c,onrgiosite, and if its aetiorr is not simptre, then neither will iis essence
be sirnple-and neitLrer urili its soul and intellect be simple, because
cognltion. i. e. an actii.l of the soui is complex and its essence is also
ieot simple. While acbion of the intellect is simple and its essence is
ik,rwise simpie, as has been denrcnstrated above.
Eesides, 1earn, tihai we call difi":rently the power and action of the
scr-r[ and those of the ir:rtellect, and those of the One and even of the
eri-xe:: we say of fhe soul that it, as in walking, acquires action step
by step, little by [[ttle or else it acquire.s potence, only like babies
,i,,r runiettered penstrns. those are rn.ise ontry potentially, but n,rt in
action, u,'hich was dernonstrated by Aristotle. Because he calls per-
sons ttrat are no phiiosophers by s,oul only potential philosophers-
mc,'t philosophers ln action. And he places an active soul and intellect
onny in those, w'her participate rn philosophy.
And, rnoreover, the potence and action of the intellect are diff-
elent, and their essence is also cliflerent, because action is in eternal
coeristence with air essence; just like the sun, together with the disc
is nLwavs accompaniec[ by suribea{ns, so the intellect coexists with
the cognitum; hence, the intellect is nothingelsebut eternal cog-
nit[on; but unlitce tftre soul, which gradually cognizes the cogiii-
tumt and passes frorn one thing to anottrler; as for the action of the in-
teLfect, cognition and its objeci are sirnultaneously present in it.
/\nd ne canriot atiribute cognition to ihis One either, because
everv one u'ho cogruizes is l inked with that which he has no
itnerwiedge of anri wants to cognize ihat which he does not knorlu..
Eut this highest oneexalted above everyihing, is superior to cog-
niiisrru andknowledge For, what rnay he,cognize who is omniscient,
who has himseil created the substance oi intellect?
2t6
 And ttren, the intellect cognizes the rvhole separately and ccgn:zes
many as many. And the One cognizes the rvhoie and parts as an indi-
visible, as it v'as demonstrated above, r,hen u,'e said, that e\erxy',ore
who cognizes acts according to his essence. {nd urFre action of Cne
is entire and supraexistential o\\ring to its supraexistential na:Lrr-r.
These rnost necessary things vere very ctrearly postuiated here",

TFXE ELEMtsNTS OF TFIEOI-OrGV

Chapter I

ON TFXII ONE r\ND THE rrlAhlY

The philosopher savs that ,,every manifolC 1n sorne uav l.rrti-

cipates unity".
We have to scrutinize ancl grasp u,hai the scholar-s meant j\ st;-
ing that "every rnanifold participates unit-v. And 1f it does nct. iet
us see,--he says-rr,hat controversy there is then". Fle citecks it mu1-
filate;-ally and, after harring investigatecl it critically iron all
sides, he lormulates the aforesaid idea, furr j-shed rr,ith ihe ; g,-
ments, in the form of the conclusion that ,,e.,rer)' mariiolC ptrri-
cipates uni{v".
Learn, 'lhat this lirst proposition is called a probtrem assunieri 'tt-
forehand. For instance s,hen you say: ,, I sa1,this. anci 1-or_r. o-r iie
contrary, do not say this", then Lei us elilcirir,te rvith the heipr ,rf
the larvs of demonstration. The indispensabtre Xe.w of sJ'1 lcrgism cla-
rifies that the contrary [ldea] is refuted by ra,ay r;f negation. Ajti:;i
that Ithe philosopher] takes up the first prop'-'sition and sa_\-sr '-no\,u
iook here, as you harre seen here the former anal iFre iatter are irre
Sall1s"; The iirst is called a p rrl b1 em, wirrch llleans a propositi,on.
medial i s a k a t a s ke v e, meaning argun:e;rta"rion, because rrilih
this argumentation every problem is dernonstrz,ted. You u'i1] see
the same in other exampies. For instarice, if a physician cioes rr,ct
Iirst deierrnine what the ailment is, then horv can he prepare a niciil,
cine? l\orv, consider what is to be determinerl as a problem, emd a
ka t a s k e v e-an act of pnepartion, andstate:nelt of necessal] [el-
elnentsl iorproof. Andthetrhird is sv im]-)eras !ra, rihjch;r,.., .rj
a conclusion.
So, tlris little def ines as the Aristolelean la.w of ,,the Organon,'
without rvhich it is impossible to cognize anythlng logical11,.
2.17
 'Norv,
I offer h.ere'a scheme:

being ev eny lt.rrr,g being

ryery the

c6n be 5dtd of any ioul

Tlais first bounclanf is called prota-sis, that is, a prernise: the

median is called a {ilak between the extremes; and lastly- a svimpe-
rasifla, u.h ich proceeds from both the extremes.
Such are the lau,s of logic; leain theml Did you see horv man \\ras
proved to be a being through aliving being. Look, how all kinds of
ctlgnition and inr,-estigation are drawn frorn the mediall It joins both
of the extremes arud unites them.
Ever,r. manifn{d participates rurity and even resembles it, because
el.env participat iteg agent ' participates an object of participation
b1, rvsl' oi resernblance and therefore the ruanifold resembles the uni-
ty" Let usconsider. {or instance, any n-lanifold, say, a hundred. Do you
understancl, honr 'ever)' number ancl monad whjch coristitute this
hmndred taken sepaxately are units? And even the generic concept
as is a hrndred, i-i a unit, because the hundredth number is a unit
that has joinedall the- parts that constrtute it into itsgenus. But the
$rundred itself is one and islike one. Do you see, howone has transfer-
Note: This scheme can be read as follours according to Aristotle's laws,
every B is A
every G is B
consequently, every G is A
Accarcirng to this, il- is clear trov the extreme ternrs are connected t hro ugh
{he rredial term,
every Iiving thing is a being everv autol<inetic lthing) is immortal
cvcrv man is lilin.l every .soul is autol<inetic
Ccasequently, every man is a l;erirg Consequently, every soul is immcrtal
2r8
red its qualit,v to everJrthing to constituents and even to the whcle
ConsiCer crrnstltuents as those numbers that have constituied rr:
hundred, and the i.-rhole as the oneuess of the hunclred.
The philosopher sa.l"s thai it "in a wa1' par'cicioates unitr ".
This phrase rel'utes and makes invisible iil<e a cobu,eb, the sup; -. -
tion of all those that have alior'r'ed many prlnciples and thus haie ., --
lateri tile eternal 1arv. FIe says: "ihe manilol d partrcipates uni: - .
Let us declpher this most intricate problem. The investigaior:a .,
"if the ri:anilold participates unit.v, tlien unity ri'i1i be the r -:- --
foid alsr. because as,unitl' passed sornething oi its property ar.: .-. -
ned ttre manifoid into unity both in its consiituents, and in tht u;--' ,
then uqii',' ltself u'il1 take from the manilold and u,e sha1l irnc -. -
ther pLjire urrity nor tlnitl:- 25 a principle, because g1rg11; i1.*.1'-
ol particrp.ation transiers son,ething ol its properir* anci ai the .. =
time accepts cf tlre property ol the object of participation. -r,,:-.:. :
clea'l3i epirareni from all kinds of natural phenomena: as, rc,r c..:r -
ple, lirc, eerth. n'ater, air participatr each other and trans.::.- -
introd-ricr. thi.ir properties irlc cverything.. Ol this the Ercat ii ,-
tus used to sar ' "ever1'thing exists in evcrvthing clse al-'. :--,--
exists separately and ii this is so, then rvhere is pure unitr ar-- :,:
one principX. ?"
Hence by means of this uniiy and u,iih the applicaiion o; ::-= --
tabtre argumentation we must demonstrate the supremac\- .-- ..,:
unity. [-ook here and learn, that it means different things \\'n:: -'-'-
sa1'' rrtnut participated each other" and "it participates s:r..-".
"it makes smth participate it" because any participation is carrri - - -:
among equals, as for instance, among ihe four elements. 'ir.:---:
each gives io the oihers and takes ol each and \Iou can never calr :.-,'
of these four "pure" and unparticipated by one another. B.:i-.:
even irn earth fire can be discerned, as both in rocks and irol; --re
itseil contains earth, as there is in air and in l'ater. Liker.rrise n,rt,---=-3
of the agents of participation are unparticipated b1'others.
"Participates" and "participated in iself"... represent two thi:lgs,
the better in nelation to the w-orse, or the cause- in relation to the cors:-
quence. Flrstly, that the higher cause participated to itself the c,r:.::-
quence that proceedeC from the former and transferred to it sorne:*-:_:
of its whole, undivided essence and then, the consequence; i. e. sc r.-
thing inieriol, par'iicipated the callse, something superior; it ciic :r'-'i
give [somethingl to the cause, but recei-"'ed from it, and became such
as the cause, but not the cause itself, for in its nature and virtue rhe
2r9
essence oi calrse is superior to that of consequence. But. if it is not
the case and their are equal lthen it follorl's], ihat the forrner and the
latierare equal, and as thelatter rvill get existence and the gooel frorn
the former, so the former u'ill receive (smih). of the latter, rlrhich
is impossibie and unlikely, inasmuch as in that case eirery iegula-
rity and harmony of the order of things 1,i11 be violated and there
will be neither the first, not the 1ast, r,i,hich is absurd and linpossibie"
Hence, e\/erv calrse is superior to the consequences that infer from
it, as furthej: consequences of each other, u'hich is (in fact) the mani-
fold. Thus the manifold is seen in its cause, in unity, but not as a.
multiplic.ci and segmented manilold, but as a unit but not as unified:
inasmuch as each unif ied thing f irst needs io ha.re rnultiplicity
and monads oi nr-imbers rvhicir unily it; and besides. for ihis, a
connecting one is needed, because anv unif ieci thing is X inked by
the primary One, but ihere is nothing prior to the veriiable,
essential Cne, rvhich is the san're as Cne in itself (au;o6v), And if
anybody says that there exists lsomethingl more prrinary, then
we must suppose that there rn'lli be something else that i-s strill more
primary; and in such case u'e shaltr not be abie to find one pnicipie
and thelimit oi being, but er,er)'thing rviil be lvi[hout an-l' ]imit and
callse, arid this is impossible. Therefore it r.ould be rvrong to in-
fer thal there is another unity prior to One, neither thai there is some-
thing composite priol to the manilold; thcre is no unit-1,'but Cne.
Thus, frorn ihis time on, learn this very useiul and necessary thing:
that everv manifold i-s deciphered in the One, as in its cause, but nei-
ther separateJ .v and segmtnted, as in numbers, any nor as a unified
and single constituted sonrething because every conttrineci thing
needs tr,'".o ihing;s earlier ihan itseif- : mr-rltiplicity and Crie, whicit
would unite this manifold, v:hich has already been proved above.
That is r'r'hy a number tliat is tahen as a whole seems not a ,;ombi-
nation of parts, but it is a who1e.
Then see more rvonderiul specillations and irreiatuble dtmons-
trations.
Mind, that v,hen 1'ou consicler any number in "One". do nclt think
that this is a blend anci a composite in its properties, but it is a unity
of parts, in itseli unsegmented as a unit, in the sarue ruay as a
unity.
Ii you'wish, l'e shall illustrate ihis b_ri anexample: as e\ierything,
is given beforehard in the seed'heart, kidney, brains, rnuscles, bones,
tendons, nails, hair, but ririthout intermixing and again, as jn cere-
220
als, for instance, in wheat; ear, awn, stalk, joint, u'here all these are
unified, like one whole, and not constituted of parts, unmixed, hut
tinblended. But mind carefully and learn, that these examples only
figuratively represent this One-like number and the superioritv of
the One, because here the contrary takes place, because nurnber and
the manifold v,hich constitute unity move not from nollperfect to
perfect and from potence to action, rvhich was the case u'ith tlle seeds,
but it is superior to any essence and potence and is entirelv setrfperfect
and superperfect, hence even perfection is not proper to it, 'ilecause
every perfection reaches perfection step by step. But ii it rs called
action aiid if the word action suits it we should call it su.pelaction
and in no way is it such action which springs from potence and
ivtpye'.a.
With ihe "One-iike" it is not the case. It is above e.,'erything"
as themultiplicity oi gods in one God and as units in One. And as
the good in the Good [theylenlighten from above the atr1-godtry pn6]
light and give ol their goodness and rnake everv-
one-like i,vith their
thing good. This very needful thing on the One and the Manir has,
been very clearly shou,n uiith the help of the iaws of theology.
When he had concluded discussion on the One anei tlle nran_v,
u'hich, by its nature, contains difiiculties in itself, afterrnrards i.he
philosopher treats the ,,katasl<eve", u'hich means ,,builrllng up a
prooi". And says thatthe law and nature presses us {to co;-l-rrder]thai
the one be superior to the many by the reason, u'hich has l-ree.'i provecl
earlier of the one and many. But if an opponent will sal that ',the
Ilany and the One are equal, as equally singleci_cut", or adds, tl.iat
"One is produced out of the other", or ,,the Many is prior to the
One", or else that ,,although the r\{any is consequent to the One,
but it has received nottring lrom the One, as from the cause of ris
origin" Whichever of these contradictions the opponeilr may
put forrvard, they will be refuted b1' l2rl, of prooi. I sa.n. that i!'
One and Many be equal and equally singled cut, then there ',r,zjti be
another, superior "Oner,, frorn rvhich both have originaied. But
it has already been proved, that there is not any superior 'Ofieo',
inasmuch as,il there be c'ther superior than other, then essences lo,'iltr
never attain their 1imlt.
And il he adds that Cne is produced out of the otirer .ihere will
be another absurditrr again, because, ii he says, that ,,tlle Many is
verily produced of the One" and not vice versa ,,One u,as lrarjuced
out of the }lany", because they are equal and the one is not prior
22r
to the rnan]', then r,vhere did the Many acquire its essence and exis-
tence and that order rvhich ii has? I say-just from the many units mo-
nads in the parts of the manifold. Because whatever you take, in
everythlng you take one. Even the One of a genus rvhoieness whatever
nurnber it rnight be will always be "Cne". Thus, One may not be
from Many,but the Many is produced out oi the One.
And, it he say again, that "the Many is orior to the One", u,e
shall ask of him, whence does it take its status, -from parts or from
the whole? trnasmuch as it is different and separated from one, hence it
witrI he nimitless in unboundedness and, hence, as neither in parts
nor in ihe whole is the light of One, then r,ve shall not be able to
defirte the manifold, and hence, from limitless parts which are nto-
nads, wiil be an other limitless wholeness of number r,vhich isthe ma-
nifold. But there is no infinity produced from another inf inity, in-
asrnuch as there may be nothing higher than infinity, but there
is sornething higher in parts of the whole, as urhatever you take, you
tal<e One. Thus, infinity may not arise from inlinrty, and
neiihen may any entity produce the infinite, because everything is
determined b\' "One" and everything has got from the Unity both
iis integrityand parts and everything is surrounded by the limit
rvhich rs Cne-lil<e. Hence it is impossible that the manifold be
uperlor and it is subsequent to the "One".
lf an opponent adds that "although" the manifold is subsequent
to the unity, nevertheless it has got nothing from the former, as from
a cause and from that which generated it, then the force of proof
will ask him, if the manifold be unparticipated of the One anri is apart
frorn it, then in what way does it take itslimit and status in its parts
or as a whole? But we see a continuousorder in the series of numbers,
lvhich is such a creation, structure from lr'here it has acquired
orderliness as well as potence and action interu'oven in numbers.
and the lirnit betrveen parts and the whole. It has been proved
above also that everything takes iis orderiiness fromOne. Thus,
er.ery muitiple uras created by participation to One, the former
panticipatrng the latter as its producer.
Learil this also, that One in its character is superior and the ma-
niirind cannot retain its existence without One, but it Iihe mani-
fondl needs its superior for its existence and not vice versa, becau-
s'e this superior One rvill be able to exist rvithout the rnanifold by
its superionity and itwill need no other superioritv over itself r.vhat-
1222
soever Because there is nothing that is prior to the One and
neither rviiI it take anything lrom its subsequent and nor rvill it
share theIr changeability.
Inasmuctr as the One has been proved as pure, unbiemished uni-
ty, sellur-n[t1', superior, hence I shall say, that it is thebeginning also,
because every beginning is presupposed by the folloiving. As, for in-
stance, ttr:e product of a carpenter's work irnplicates a carpenter and
the natural phenomena imply nature. While with the Cne, of which
v'e have sp,oken much, ihis is not the case because it contains every-
thing, and everything not enough to encompass it, u'hich rvas demon-
strated above rirhen giving an example of the One and the A'1any.
As the philosopher says, the One ma\, exist without the number,
while the number cannot exist without the One and thus, sometimes
by s,vnlhesis and sometimes by analysis and sometimes by compa-
ring priority and subsequence, and sometimes by comparison of
the infinity and of the 1imit, he proves that r,r,hich r'r'e hat'e stated in
fhe schcliae as given above.
Now he turns to the second problem of his proofs, because he
made tire iirst firrn as adamant and deiended it- from all the
opponent;
Now the first proven thing he uses as a basis lor the second the-
orem ane.[ sal's, that "every participator of One is both One and not-
One'', thai is " made-one". And everything created needs three
things ilrst: f irstly, that rvhich r'"'as used as the original on r'r'hich
the copy .,vas moulded the image oi the One; secondl.v, \\Ias produ'
ced and cneated ds "One"; thirdly -parts thai constituted ri' as
ParmenIdes told Socrates. Because he tol d oi emanating {rom the
one first, and of creating its propertl/ and resemb'lance to itself
as an imprint (an ecmagio, rvhich turns into an image, because
ecmagioJ rvhlch means imprint, exists, earlier, than an image does.
and the irnage being subsequent.
Secomdly-he [Parmenides] talked of things formed by poten-
tiall.tr existlng matter, that resertble their uncreated unitl'; tirir-
di1'- tt th,ose parts that constitute things. Some rhe'Loricians have
said, that "ever)/thing is created ol three things".'
Be attentrve urhen in theological discussions you hear tite rvoi:d
''poteilce {" pou'er"). Do not think it is power turned into action.
I-earn, that there is a difference bettl'een porirer of lempolal and

1 tri at.. Prrir

223
mobile thing and of natural phenomena; and it is drffenent, wheru
he talks of the "One", or "the ones", or of entities whieh are
limitless and eternal.
And now learn it nell, that the meaning of power (potence)
is divided into three parts: I) either for thii'rgs that exisi jn nature
and time, as Aristotle thought, and what Stoa and the treripatetics
considered: they thought porver to be such a possibiiit'r' that rn'as
not perfect in relation to the genus r,r'hose power it r.l'as; a-c ls, for
instance, in the seeds and in eggs and in everything createci, which
we shall illustrate with an example: eggs are birds onir: polentially
and not in action; infants are geometricians oniy poteniiaity and not
in action; the same is true of seeds which, in order to exlst need
time and motion1ike, for example, the sky itself. Some parts of the
sky if they are in the East, then they are deprived of being iri the
West and are in the West only potentially, which is -.ee;r irerm the
exarnple of the sun and the stars. And know, that the said power
(potence) is natural.
There is a different power a1so, established in eternit-v and coest-
irgwith by action, this is an intellectual pou'er, inasniuch Liett'een
the tnre Being, the primary intelligence, $,hose, existence presup-
poses action. Action of intelligence does not resemble acticr:r of 'na-
tural things, inasmuch as the natural moves from inrperieci to per-
fect and it is preceded by a perfect power (potence). But the ac-
tion of intelligence moves not from po\\/er (potence) 1o action or
frorn imperfection to perlection, but it arises together u'iih the es-
sence of intellect. And if you hear the word "action" in theologicaX
discussions do not consider ii to be natural action. And as tcn Divine
action there have been enough proofs presented above. rvl-lere it
lr,as said that the first number. and more exactly, the una'iiainable
"One" is superior to any power (potence) and actior-r u,ell as
to the act of creation iiself, inasmuch as every power and - asaction is
connected r'r,ith nature, whiie that Superfirst is free of \ature, rr'hich
has aiready been demonstrated above.
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Proclus the Platonic Successor (Translated from Georgian into English
by N. Fopkhadze and I. Petrova) .2ll

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T6u,rucu 1986