Scramble of Africa

The Scramble for Africa refers to the period between roughly 1884 and 1914, when
the European colonisers partitioned the – up to that point – largely unexplored
African continent into protectorates, colonies and 'free-trade areas'.
 Textile industry
The textile industry is primarily concerned with the production of yarn,
and cloth and the subsequent design or manufacture of clothing and
their distribution.
 Boxer Rebellion
In 1900, in what became known as the Boxer Rebellion,a Chinese secret organization
called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern
China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there.
 Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna, assembly in 1814–15 that reorganized Europe

after the Napoleonic Wars.
 Enclosure
an area that is sealed off with an artificial or natural barrier.
 Imperialism
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
 Luddite Movement
“Luddite” is now a blanket term used to describe people who dislike new technology,
but its origins date back to an early 19th-century labor movement that railed against the
ways that mechanized manufactures and their unskilled laborers undermined the
skilled craftsmen of the day.
 National Seclusion Policy
Japanese foreign policy during the Edo period has been called a policy of national seclusion
(“sakoku”) because contact with Western nations was limited to the Dutch. ... The policy
started to disintegrate in 1853 when Commodore Matthew C. Perry from the US demanded
diplomatic and commercial relations with Japan.
 Ethnocentrism
evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in
the standards and customs of one's own culture.
 Opium Wars
The Opium Wars were two conflicts fought in China in the mid-19th
century between the forces of Western countries and of the Qing
dynasty, which ruled China from 1644 to 1911/12.
 Open Door Policy
In most companies, an open door policy indicates to employees that a
supervisor or manager is open to an employee's questions,
complaints, suggestions, and challenges.
 Monroe Doctrine
a principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that
any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a
potentially hostile act against the US.
 Manifest Destiny
the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the
US throughout the American continents was both justified
and inevitable.