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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪-‬‬


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‫‪@ @ @oïuíi@êÙïÝàOc‬‬
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‫_‪  EbS :1K1W %cR2‬‬ ‫אאא وא‬


‫‪$$ %‬وא‪، !"#‬و א‪_3‬א‪e$K‬א‪!"%‬مא  ‬
‫‪-( .‬وز‪,%‬زאא*!ض ('& א‪Q$K‬א"عא وא‪6E‬א‪OK '5‬‬
‫א‪9 :,‬א‪012345678‬وא‪T*"?Q%L7(? /'"$‬א‪USK‬א‪  SQ$K‬د‬
‫א"=<و;‪ !">(?0@A@&'B‬وא‪fS"gh 9 !i‬א'@وא‪،9'!"j‬‬
‫‪ C‬و?(‪6#=E،F GH5IJ‬אل و‪F6 :W‬א  א‪O 4kQ$K‬‬
‫‪J‬ل‪!%‬א‪I‬א وא"‪ H‬א‪l$(  !"K‬א ‪L‬א'دل‪Nc‬‬
‫‪L0E‬אא‪ %‬א‪>!$،1K1,‬ل א‪ !"$‬אא ‪7‬א‪$K‬א‪O1F 58‬‬
‫א‪ %‬א‪N 3($K‬א‪K‬ق >"!‪6‬ون‪O"mn?25TS  0K5S$‬‬
‫  و‪O5#JS5‬و‪W‬دא‪p:‬و‪،O1‬א "א?(_ن‬
‫א‪R‬وא"‪O?PQH‬א ‬
‫وא'!‪6 K?=? ،S‬א ‪W TS‬دא‪ 9 SU‬א‪W(E$K‬دא‪p:‬ونא‪S$N7(?( C‬‬
‫و‪5‬א‪9‬و'دא‪67 %‬א‪6‬א‪%6qS; ،$‬و‪NA$‬א‪I‬אدوא'‬
‫]‪W‬ذא‪[S'5‬א‪ZP ?G‬عא‪ I.6‬א‪rs%[I" X‬א‪6%G‬א<‪?K‬א‪"$‬و‪#‬د‪S$‬‬
‫و^‪_3_05`L%F6J‬א‪  K$K‬دون‪0 K'51 ?W‬א‪6t"$‬אم‪qS5‬א‪NA$‬‬
‫وא‪!"J‬א‪IJU0"1‬قא‪6IKn? u‬‬
‫‪N :‬א‪rs%‬א‪ :W %#2K‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪148‬‬
‫و‪@?fS"g9?0$W/I5I1‬دא   ذ‪OE Pq‬א"ƒא' ‪Q‬א‪(?Q?=$,‬‬
‫א‪Q$K‬א‪Q1K1,‬א א?‪vW‬א ‪b$ _/- F"KPQ7‬א ‪L‬א‪6"$‬אد‪6IEKR‬‬
‫א‪USK‬א‪L_SQ$K‬وא‪ u‬م?( א‪b'1‬א ‬
‫א‪$K‬א' ?‪s‬א_‬
‫=ل‪ 7W‬א‪$$N$‬و‪ " [J(?p5!5‬دوא د‪،‬و‪/x‬א‪_3‬א‪$K‬‬
‫א ‪9w‬א‪E_ !"#‬אא'?‪"_05"K?fS"tP ،‬א_‪L‬و‬
‫و‪!Z‬ن?‪L6I5 05J!Xx]0"_3‬א‪3‬و‪1 ?W‬א"=<وא"'‪6‬د‪ K‬‬

‫‪W‬ن‪rs%‬אد }א‪،9‬و‪W‬ن_‪N!zb1‬‬ ‫وא‪TS  0K‬א‪yJ‬א?‪OH?XW0‬א‪1I‬ن‬

‫و?' ‪Wl‬אدא'? ‪s{K‬א‪z‬ول‪(?w:05X rs%‬א‪، II‬א‪l '58‬‬


‫א‪|SK57‬א} ‪9?0$WTS‬א    '‪&'N‬א… א‪9E‬א‪0"E 8‬א"„ ‬
‫א‪Q$K‬א' ‪Q‬א‪}Q?=$,‬و‪ S‬א‪6S$K‬وא‪6']?=$,‬‬
‫??? ‪W6 !%‬א‪_3‬א‪ $K‬א†=‪E‬א ‪„"16:‬א موא‪ ?G‬א}‬
‫و‪[E‬א ‪'#‬א‪!I‬وא‪y‬א~א' ‪Q‬א‪ KQ?=$,‬א†‪( #‬א‪Rs‬و‪O'Z‬א‪=$,‬موא ‪L0‬‬
‫‪2 K?b"E6ISE‬א‪ I.6‬א‪X‬و`‪ 05‬א†‪ KO?‡X‬‬

‫‪W‬ن‪rs%‬א!‪}#S@b;9$‬‬ ‫א‪0"?6I? S"t‬א‪_3‬א‪$K‬‬

‫א‪9'!"j‬א' א‪? =$,‬وא‪O TS '$‬א‪=$,‬مو?و‪O'Z‬א"‪ 3‬א‪IJ(?Q{,‬ق‬


‫א‪6i‬لא ‪JR‬ل ‪6‬م‪6#‬و‪s%F‬אא ‪0‬م وא‪yJ‬אم‪@t3S‬א‪ O" ،1K1,‬‬
‫و@]"‪rs%O‬א‪ (?Sn، w‬א"'وא  وא‪(6‬و‪?}$W‬دˆא‪F3‬‬
‫א  (א' ‪/‬وא‪ 35JKGn7 3"K‬وא‪_3‬אא'?‪،‬و (‪Lx‬‬
‫א'‪(?66‬א‪6‬א‪s%9$‬אא‪j‬ل‪J‬ل א‪I"1‬دא‪9‬א‪2SAI‬ن‪ƒ5‬א‪9'!"j‬א' ‬
‫א‪"$‬و‪#‬د‪s%‬אא ‪0‬مو?'د‪Q  O‬و‪#‬د‪TS $$9'!">L5‬‬
‫א‪y‬א~א' ‪Q‬א‪،Q?=$,‬و?‪$ K 51 ?WO‬س?(א‪LI‬א‪1K1,‬א ‪W6 $‬‬
‫‪eN N3E‬و‪ L J!1}9‬א‪_3‬وא‪F3‬و‪ J‬א"'و‪[J‬א"!‪N4‬‬
‫و>"!'‪'?TS !A79‬و‪L7‬אא א‪W،Q$K‬نא"„ א‪?/ '$K‬‬
‫وא"‪‚?K‬א  ‪R‬وא‪،Q$K‬و‪ J‬א"' ‪N7‬א‪=$,‬م و‪W‬ن_‪01W0"XKTS b1‬‬
‫وא"و?‪37‬א ‪R‬א‪N_N5 TS n6"K?، C‬א‪B‬א ‪ KL‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬


‫‪149‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫_ موא‪ „3‬وא@‪!_(2)KKh‬ن‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺮﺏ ﻣـﺎ‬


‫א‪}@I"$‬א"‪SQH‬א‪$K‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪:‬‬
‫?س  ‪N7?/‬א‪=$,‬مא‪ _3‬א‪SI‬א' ' ‪_3?|Šl‬‬
‫א‪ "?R:/S$(!Z$K‬و‪ƒ:S$O'?$$ 9‬א‪SI‬‬
‫א‪$9#6‬א} ‪F"K?TS‬א‪SI‬א‪6‬و ‪lS>SK‬א‪?!$ SI‬‬
‫م ‪? JF"K?TS‬دوא‪ 6‬א ‪/‬وא‪s%Ž1#vWKLSK‬א‪&'# 5‬‬
‫א ‪W،‬ذא‪Š ?1s‬ذ‪ P{#‬א"‪9=S‬א‪$،#$K‬א' ‪/‬‬
‫;‪W/S$(?O9B‬دא‪R‬ص‪_3!S fS"H‬وא‪F3‬א'‪ %?(?66‬‬
‫‪W(  %#‬دאא‪K(1)SI‬وא‪(?7=1‬ن אא‪$K‬א‪16‬א‪'XvWSI‬‬
‫!‪S‬א‪W_3‬دא‪p:‬ونאس‪ 67‬א  دא' ‪Q‬א"אق‪(?6B?vW‬א ‬
‫‪]s25‬א‪y:‬א‪U‬وא"'ونא‪ fAc‬وא "‪B‬אز‪،O"@t3‬و‪TS O567‬א"‪lE‬‬
‫א‪,‬دאوא‪^ E،6‬ن‪rs%‬א‪O56S#}? b1_G‬א‪I‬قوאא‪9#‬‬
‫?ز ‪O56710#(?O6Q! fS"g_3?(!N 3‬א‪?#?61‬‬
‫א‪NAI‬وא'‪6<  ?(!Z A3‬אא‪6‬و א‪ !i‬وאא‪(  !"K‬א ‪R‬א@‪ŽA‬‬
‫א‪  A3'R:lS>4Pb1_8‬وא‪ I‬אא ‪ K!„S6‬‬

‫و‪b1_، ?( 6'l‬א!(‬ ‫? ‪S7N_OEN4.J،‬א'د‬


‫‪OE E"5Œt:‬א@ ‪9‬א‪S%p‬و"‪Š r‬ذ‪L1 `#‬א ‪L‬א‪TS !AI‬‬
‫‪WTS }O"S7‬ع ‪ fS"gF"K?TS‬א‪l„P<  ? (!Z،_3‬א‪NAI‬‬
‫אאد‪R‬א‪Ž1#vW B_ ?W6I5SI‬א' ش‪b S4?J،‬א‪NAI‬‬
‫א‪_3‬א‪S! $K‬א"א‪I‬د א‪ S"t‬א{‪9w‬א"‪' 3‬א"'‪6‬ددو‪%‬‬
‫وא!‪KnS4‬و‪F"K?TS T"J‬א‪!"# TS'E،SI‬ع‪ c‬و<‪?%$$‬و"*‪L1‬‬
‫א ‪(?Lx‬ن?@Ž‪ƒ:‬א‪_SI‬ن א‪@"7‬د} ‪ 7TS‬אא‪bE !_K9‬دو‬
‫‪ $$H‬א"א~‪_O1W،‬ن ‪67^$‬א?(א‪_3‬א‪S! h $K‬‬
‫?‪ 3‬و‪_B"X‬وא ‪y‬א<}א‪ }SI‬א"!‪N4‬א‪qS!S( ’n'?Q EKQ‬‬
‫‪OS ?TS‬א' ‪[S? IS9 ](?/‬א‪_NSK‬ن‪lS>O_3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬


‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻤﺸـﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺘـﺮﺍﺙ‬ ‫‪QS4L‬א ‪n c‬ذو‪R‬א ذدوא‪ A‬‬
‫א"@]‪،L05‬و‪l‬دل ‪TS‬ذ‪ (?q‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪:‬‬

‫_‪b1‬אא‪ 56'?=$,‬‬ ‫א‪3‬א‪6%‬א‪1` I‬و?ود‪Œ@7(?0E‬‬

‫‪ 0?S‬و‪6J0" KSE‬وא‪6E‬א‪0‬א‪G‬و‬ ‫(‪$‬א‪L?G‬א‪( IK‬א‪=$,‬م‬

‫‪F3S‬وא‪  S?@70? _s1K_3‬א‪b!%$J،46‬א ‪ KS‬א‪?=$,‬‬


‫‪b1_J،^$‬א‪@'S TS 6!"'5lIS S‬א‪Š} WT$‬ذجא‪ 5‬ق‬
‫‪0" R‬א'‪(?66‬א‪ 6ISE،?G‬א‪QJ‬وא'‪NI‬و‪ 6JqsbS :‬א?‪N‬‬
‫א"*א‪Rsi‬ذ‪%‬و‪ 5‬א‪!"j‬‬ ‫‪ Wv'5O7}#‬‬

‫א‪G‬وو‪Q‬وא* ‪(!Z،?  @Q‬א'د‬ ‫‪ _ ~    } | { z ym‬‬
‫?‪n‬אא‪vW 61K1,‬‬ ‫` ‪ h g f   e d   c  b a‬‬
‫‪l6I5‬א‪s‬א‪9‬א‪1K1,‬وא‪TS 4‬א  ‬ ‫‪ r q   p o   n m l k j i‬‬
‫א ‪،QK‬و_‪ 0S‬א?‪ 1W( .N‬‬ ‫‪ | {  z y x w v u  t   s‬‬
‫دوאא' א‪0t$ 5?=$,‬‬ ‫}  ~  ¡ ‪ ¦  ¥ ¤  £ ¢‬‬
‫و'‪=(?04‬لא"‪2‬א‪9‬א‪n‬‬ ‫§ ¨ © ‪ ± ° ¯ ® ¬ «  ª‬‬
‫א‪/'3‬א' وא‪G‬وو‪qS5‬א‪I‬‬ ‫‪ (3)l ²‬‬
‫‪rs%16035‬א‪9C‬א ‪TS .‬ن !‪ S‬א"‪=$,E،H‬م‪ _(?%‬مא‪K1,‬ن‬
‫‪TS‬א‪G‬ضא‪ _mWv'5O7(?7=1‬‬ ‫] א‪ I‬אא‪L?G‬א‪?b1_.6I‬‬
‫‪TS‬אא‪(  !"K‬א‪ I‬אא@‪،(5)l b a   ` ŽA‬و‪L  5OO. 5‬‬
‫א‪!_، !i‬ن !‪S‬אذא‪ I‬א ‪s‬א‪O5‬א‪1K1,‬א‪ A$TS 0SE8‬‬
‫_! ‪ ?(?”JSJ‬א‪ ]NJ‬א‪ I‬א א†‪،[S‬و?‪E= :NI'%B‬א–‬
‫‪6'WL"5‬دא‪$‬א‪6‬א‪NA‬א!  א‪G‬ض‪rs%،‬א†=‪E‬א‪L J—'58‬‬
‫وא‪C‬א}א‪'!"j‬א‪0EUy38‬א‪s{K!i‬א א‪OZ EP1K1,‬א–و‪6t"$‬אمو‪NA$‬‬
‫_‪TS 96‬א"‪B‬א?‪F30‬وא ‪R‬א‪  C‬א' ‪E‬وא" وא‪0"#‬د ‪L0‬א ن‪K‬‬
‫‪N' E‬א‪Q1K1,‬و‪[E‬א ‪0‬مא‪Q?=$,‬‬ ‫‪ (4)l²±°¯®¬m{I‬‬
‫@Ž ‪TS‬אא‪IIJL0E !"K‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬


‫‪151‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫א‪QJ‬و‪ [IzO"xUS$vWO" 5‬א'?وא†]‪!$،‬ونא‪F3‬‬


‫‪6%‬א<א‪=$,‬مא‪16‬وא‪ G‬و‪W،‬ذن ?'‪%‬א‪—'5R*S‬אא‪(  !"K‬א ‪R‬‬
‫א ‪0‬مא‪E=†Q1` I‬א‪K1,‬نא‪G‬ض‪ %‬א@‪ŽA‬وא‪ t"$‬א‪ PO#‬א‪'#‬א'&‪6@7‬‬
‫? ‪0‬م; ‪n‬א‪! W 3‬لא'‪NI‬وא‪6‬ن א‪y7‬א‪(?/‬א[‪ K‬‬

‫و‪96_6I‬و‪#‬א‪65F3‬‬ ‫‪"1W‬ج? ‪$N#(? 1L%‬‬

‫א‪K‬دא‪S$ 3‬א‪?G‬وא‪W !i‬ذن ‪J‬א‪n!S K‬א'‪(?66‬א‪9C‬א ‪ .‬‬


‫א‪L%?!  3‬א‪ St"K‬نא* ض?( ?‪ n m l k j imW0‬‬
‫‪s 5N#‬א‪ 3‬عو‪  31‬א‪=G‬قوא‪ (8)l s r q p o  ?G‬‬
‫' و<وא‪( Q0‬א ‪ (6)K‬‬
‫‪ l k j i h g fm‬‬
‫?( ‪s%‬א א‪ }# [S‬א"@ א‪ (9)l qp o n  m Q?=$,‬‬
‫‪#S‬د א‪ Q1K1,‬و =‪ O"7‬م א ‪L‬‬
‫‪F3SSE‬و‪J[!  Z‬א‪n!SK‬‬
‫] ‪ J L" S$ O‬א‪ vW n!SK‬ن‬
‫?(> دن‪ 5‬ن‪6$$?1‬و‪WK‬ن‬
‫ ~ א– א‪G‬ض و?  ‪K1,E K0S‬ن ‬
‫و‪#‬א‪F 3‬وא‪0x]_3‬א‪=$,‬م‬
‫‪ ? ? OS?'5‬א‪ (6‬وא‪ @  l 16‬א‬
‫]šوא‪Ž#‬א‪ ' ?G‬و<‬
‫‪6e‬א‪ !"$ N  "? % N ،‬א ?‪?6t"K‬‬
‫وא‪( Q0‬א  ‪:J،‬א‪` I‬ن‬
‫_‪7N‬א‪r‬א'‪WSI‬دא‪U‬א‪NAK‬א‪، S"t‬‬
‫א  ‪_0WL‬א‪TS QA _Ž#‬א‪?G‬‬
‫و‪s%‬אא"  ‪?r'?6˜67N‬א‪4k !i‬‬
‫و‪ >l‬د‪OJ@( .[J‬א"زل‬
‫( ™   و‪ ] ،ŽA] R‬ون‬
‫‪s0E،O‬א‪R7‬د ‪TS‬وא‪Ž#‬א‪_3‬‬
‫א–  ‪ N'# OIS ! J‬א" و‪?1 9‬س‬
‫אא'?وאא‪TS $K‬و‪O#‬‬
‫א نو?‪B‬א‪ 4‬א}א ‪R‬و‪s%‬אא‪I‬م‬
‫א†@ص‪ 5=E‬ن?‪W‬‬
‫‪I‬ل ‪ F  E  D  C  B   A m Wv'5‬‬
‫‪ 0ElE"5_3?0"_3P‬א'‪I‬ل‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬
‫‪lKJ I HG‬‬
‫وא‪˜!_، EG‬ز‪6JG‬ن› م‬
‫و‪s%TS K$25‬א‪ 7،‬א‪=$,‬م?‪(?rx 6‬ن`א‪R zN#(?OA‬א@א‪/‬‬
‫א‪F3‬وא‪S! S$_3‬و‪ #W‬א‪? A‬א‪16‬وא‪(6‬و‪!Z‬نא‪vW 6‬‬
‫"‪p:K‬ونא‪n!SK‬א‪ 9j‬א' و<وא‪( Q0‬א ‪ K‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪152‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭ‪ :‬‬ ‫_! ‪ 9}#‬א‪  F3‬א@ص‬

‫א‪(?12K‬א‪J،‬א‪n" $Q‬‬ ‫א‪ I? 1` I‬و‪=2 1‬ق א‪ N4? n?p‬א' ‬

‫وא"_‪ TS  N‬א– و‪ A_ Q:z‬א‪(?K L0?/ 4N%Q!SK?(?=# KKL,‬‬


‫?@‪6‬א‪  M L K J ImWv'5OI7‬א‪G‬وسوא†‪B‬جא‪S@5‬א ‪$‬لو'‪ Kr‬‬
‫‪ XWVU  TS  R  QPON‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬‬
‫‪a`_^]\[ZY‬‬
‫‪9}#‬א‪K‬אא‪J‬‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬
‫‪l j i h g fe d c b‬‬
‫א ‪$‬ل‪ J‬ص‪= J‬و‪'$‬ن‪=#‬وא? ‪5‬ن‬
‫و‪s%TS 5 5‬אא ‪^ E،L0‬نא ™‬
‫‪TS‬א‪!K‬وא ‪،‬و'‪;W6‬مא'‪ŽSX‬‬
‫א‪  E&E 5،F3S?=$,‬א'‪B‬و<‬
‫א ‪$‬لא‪/t"1‬א— ‪  1 =4 3‬ن‬
‫(א‪_3‬אא‪$K‬و‪&z‬‬
‫‪L0?7( }I1‬و'‪S‬ن?‪pK‬و"‪L0 L0‬‬
‫‪TS‬א‪_3‬א‪،˜,‬و‪67‬א‪s%‚5‬א‬
‫‪s 5‬א'‪L"EK‬א‪(?'K5/t"1‬א†‪B‬ج‬
‫‪S#‬א@‪6‬א‪ 3"SQ14‬א‪Q?=$,‬‬
‫و=?(א‪G‬وس‪،‬و_‪rs%b1‬ول !‪S‬‬
‫‪J‬א_"!‪N]25N‬א‪F3‬وא‪_3‬‬
‫א‪ :?/t"1‬א‪=$,‬م‪ (12)K‬‬
‫א‪=$,‬م‪n?P‬א‪K‬א?(=ل‬
‫و‪s0‬א‪^E‬نא*‪FB‬א‪n5 {Q$K‬‬ ‫‪9$‬אœא@ ‪_6IET‬نאœ‬
‫‪3EL0'S]F‬و]‪O‬و"@ <‪ < @5‬א'"‪ W%n‬אز‪l$‬א ‪L‬א‪=$,‬م‬
‫א‪6_p?O 6"K‬א ‪ ZTS‬وو‪#‬د א‪ 8‬ج (‪XW‬א‪F3‬وא‪,‬ع‬
‫‪6 7‬א‪] (11)_3‬א‪ I‬א?(=ل وא'‪6I‬وא'و‪0 Q%‬مא‪Q$K‬‬
‫‪/S$‬א‪3‬و‪!$‬א‪ ?G‬א‪ 7W6‬א‪!%‬א‪]_3‬‬
‫א'‪ K‬وא‪K$K‬وא‪3‬א‪s%6%‬א א‪ I‬אא‪9‬א‪$K‬و‪J5W‬א ]‪_3‬‬
‫א‪I‬م‪ 0:(!EK { @J‬אא‪ f 7‬א‪n? u‬א"א مو‪W‬دא‬
‫א"‪H‬א‪6‬وא‪?=$,‬א‪ 6_p58‬א‪6‬و‪s %Q EK‬אא‪! 6!eKF X,‬‬
‫‪ TS‬א‪]3‬א"א‪t:G‬ص‪J(!EKKK?  J‬א‪9C‬وא‪NK‬وא‪L‬‬
‫‪R‬א‪0 /t"1‬مא‪Q$K‬א‪  J6‬وא‪9K$p‬وא†‪h‬א‪?9‬א‪[Iz8‬א‪6]I‬‬
‫وא*‪(?N_(?9‬א‪ I.6‬א‪X‬وא‪،F3‬‬ ‫'"א'‪I‬א‪G‬و‪v‬وא‪ K14‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬


‫‪153‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫‪/-01^E‬و‪h‬א‪ @ }4"$E 0El1 K1W9‬א†=‪E‬א א‪s%<  6:‬א‬


‫?א‪KKK?$6I?b‬و‪bE 67Q%‬א" א‪ 56‬א‪W،'#‬ذ’'|א ‪1‬א=‪OIA‬‬
‫א"„‪/‬א‪ I.6‬א‪،X‬و?(‪^EL‬ن‪ 1 %5‬و !‪_KS‬نא"‪6SI‬א‪ $%6AK‬‬
‫وאد‪/-‬א‪F3‬א‪،?=$,‬و‪L J [E‬א دא‪(!0‬א‪"K?%Rs‬دعא‪SK‬‬
‫‪TS‬א ‪(?Lx‬و‪#‬د'&א!‪9$‬א‪8‬‬ ‫א‪?B‬نوא نوא@‪¢‬وא=‪KKK9K‬‬
‫وא†‪h‬א‪9‬א‪/-0"IIJ8‬א‪ I.6‬א‪W6P£ "zbI X‬א‪S : @F3‬‬
‫‪5‬אא* ‪،‬وא‪ E8‬ز‪ 9‬وא‪ K 4_3"$‬‬

‫א‪SJ ? J‬א†=‪E‬א א‪L JW6:‬‬ ‫אمא‪،R"$6‬وא"!‪N4‬א‪h Q‬‬

‫א‪hQ%،9t"1‬א‪x9‬و و‪ ،1K1W‬א‪=$,‬مول ‪F3r60‬وא‪_3‬א‪8‬‬


‫‪6'1‬وא‪WII‬ذא‪7%6K# E=h"'501WS7‬ل‪  Q‬א@‪QZ[6‬א–‬
‫‪FO‬و‪L S b‬و‪^EL_¤bK‬ن‬ ‫ ‪5JO"E‬א‪  ?،?=$,‬א‪(?،‬‬

‫‪ :‬لوو‪?Z‬א'? "!‪Q1 2E[JTS Q1‬و‪W‬ن"!‪Q1‬‬


‫‪KEQ1?IENXTS‬و?(א‪S4?G‬א‪6‬א ‪TS‬‬
‫)‪(13‬‬
‫و?א‪?KKK9K$p‬‬

‫?(=ل?‪(?[$‬א‪3‬א‪6%‬وא‪G‬د?( ‪rs%‬א'!‪6x~6J?S‬אو‪E‬א†‪ S‬‬


‫‪!4‬ن( ن ‪Q(QS &E?6‬‬ ‫א‪ I‬אنא  ‪L‬وא‪K‬א‪n"  3‬ن‬
‫א‪=$,‬مא ‪(?s‬א‪ŽX SS$F3‬א‪_KE=tS‚ :y‬نא†‪} S‬‬
‫وא ‪Q0E،L‬א ‪—'5L‬א‪6‬אو א א‪6:‬ون‪3"K‬ونא'‪}!S‬وذو‪R‬א†‪h‬‬
‫ ‪OS N‬א‪ ?G‬‬
‫‪7‬א‪n!"j‬א موא‪n? u‬و‪W]،4_? Q%‬ذא‪ :‬‬
‫‪J‬א‪LSK‬ذ‪q‬א ‪0‬مא _Žא‪L JL0E Rs‬א–و’"‪On‬א‪O#‬א‪Rs‬‬
‫‪6"5‬א‪OEN‬א'‪(?66‬א ‪O[I"5 0S'˜L%‬א@‪S‬א'?‪( ’O1Lx،‬‬
‫‪ =?:!7IK1‬א ‪R‬و‪[J‬א"=< {‪rs‬א‪F3‬وא‪ KQ5K$p?6'_3‬‬

‫‪ J/‬א†=‪E‬א‪ŽSx6_p5W ?G‬‬ ‫وא‪K‬وאوא'‪6‬אوאאوא"‪?T"J‚?K‬‬

‫‪N%‬א‪?s‬و‪£ J‬א‪I‬ق‪WK‬ن‪ W6 ?9I5‬א‪6‬א‪9$‬א"ƒא‪Q$K‬א‪،Q?=$,‬ن‬


‫א‪F3‬وא‪_3‬א'‪0‬دא=‪W6 ?9I5 b1_IJ‬א‪F3‬وא‪ 5’_3‬ق‬
‫?" و‪ ?fS"gn5‬א‪NJ‬א"ƒא‪vW ،Q?=$,‬א‪F"K‬א‪E،N7(?OS b1_Rs‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬


‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ 154
 L"E14‫?א‬،I‫א‬fS"g }#q‫ذ‬Lx( ‫و‬L ‫ دوא‬1‫?א‬
R ‫وא‬3‫ }א‬W،%‫}دو‬0I ‫ א‬l>}31W‫?(=ل‬3‫א‬L0?&'‫א‬
( KAI‫ مא‬JG‫אא‬6],QZIS  W‫(  אن‬KJ‫ل‬IX,‫אא‬s%Q EKF3‫א‬
‫و‬6‫א‬/]Rs‫مא‬KI1‫وא‬b"3"‫א‬6' F3‫א‬TS ‫?_ن?'ن‬
’،9=‫دو‬vWl61G‫א‬6J‫?א‬G‫] א‬%7‫وو‬6‫ ? א‬4_
  E‫و‬F3‫مא‬1‫א [?  س‬1_6IE، K'‫وא‬$K‫ونא‬p3‫א‬
?F"K?TS 9$!‫'&א‬W !i‫ون'& א‬s2‫א"@ص و‬N%G‫'ن‬# 
3( ، AX"‫א‬9t3< @? (? @?N_‫_!_ن‬KKK0?
F3‫مא‬1‫ن‬vWnp‫?(א‬66'‫ א‬QS4(?‫? ن‬F3SlS>‫و‬6‫א‬
(?‫א‬%‫!   <אزد‬i‫_א‬3‫א‬¥‫وو‬  (14)?KKK}0I ‫وא‬6i‫و? א}א‬NAI‫א‬
b”JX 7S‫ دو‬-‫=ل‬
’F3‫ ^نא‬Eq‫?(ذ‬Lx ‫א‬TS
X 7N%"‫א‬6ISE،? !i‫א‬0?
‫> د‬b1_NIIJS! ‫א‬6'< '5
 J %i‫م(א‬B‫ א‬J%=#L05‫د‬I
$!‫א‬J1(?( 5LSE3"$‫א‬
(15)‫ ذم‬3"‫א‬/$T S QI‫"عن‬$‫א‬
 KL_SK?BS?‫و‬#?S!'‫א‬
‫אس‬U‫ א‬:W‫! و‬i‫א‬RTS ‫ "!د‬
(?‫و‬،‫ونא=د‬p:‫دא‬W‫و‬9‫ אא‬I‫ אذא‬60'‫א‬F3‫א‬W$'‫א‬E=†‫ א‬J‫ج‬
QS‫א‬6‫?(א‬G‫[א‬Iz0‫م‬78‫?א‬G‫ א‬،'?K$p?= :st"5’Q$'‫א‬
 K—?G‫א‬S 3‫א‬NJQ7‫אس‬U‫ א‬:W } _n‫وא‬35l‫"و‬SFI‫א‬3"$‫وא‬
 K‫?(א ذ‬6I‫א‬l 1{‫و‬K"?<‫ א‬Xn‫و‬
،IK‫א‬9‫ א‬I ‫}א‬#]=
F3‫عא‬Z‫'و‬#‫ن? א‬W‫ل‬I‫ (א‬. yE9B;Wl61G‫א‬L JyE J‫د‬
?=$,‫א‬E=†‫!א‬1Nc_3‫م وא‬N!'l61G‫א‬n?G‫א‬L J
?،:!1‫د‬#‫م  و‬B- swJbS4;67‫!و‬5‫ و‬EF3‫א‬
nS :@‫و‬%6K-‫و‬e F:w%‫?و‬,‫א‬F:w%،n"w%
6_p5/„"‫Žא‬Sx‫ن‬W،F ‫و‬yE (?f2"5v‫و‬G‫א‬b1_J،}I‫א‬
?ŽKkF3‫א ممא‬f 5 3‫א‬L6I5%‫دو‬،}0I ‫אزא} و'&א‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬


‫‪155‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫ و‪L07‬دونא"[א '‪!_OQS‬ود ‪1‬مא ‪L‬א‪=$,‬موא‪ I.6‬א‪،X‬‬


‫א‪` I‬ن وא‪„"1 K‬א… א‪9E‬א‪J b7$8‬و‪6#‬وא‪6#O1‬א"=<_‬
‫א موא‪‚# 5vWnX=K‬א‪SK‬ن ]‪P[S'"!E‬د‪–0A‬א‪K‬وא‪،‬‬
‫א ‪،‬א'‪6‬ل–‪rs0E‬אدˆ‪&7"5‬‬ ‫‪RTS‬א‪ K !i‬‬
‫و‪ %#‬א‪' 3‬א‪s%Q EK?=$,‬אא‪X,‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜــﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺼــﺮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬــﻮﻡ ﻓــﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻜــﺮ‬
‫‪I‬ل ‪6‬א'‪BB‬א‪6‬و‪ WR‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﻮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫?‪W‬ن‪ 1‬وאدא‪0‬א‪6S‬אن‬ ‫א‪  EbS"J‬א‪_ 3‬א‪$K‬‬
‫? ‪?%1‬א  א‪Q$K‬א' ‪ Q‬א' ‪،‬א‪r-˜,b!K5‬א!‪$‬‬
‫א‪R  ?n]،6‬ووאدא‪ 0‬א‪ I.6‬א‪X‬א* ‪/‬א‪„ Rs‬א‪P‬‬
‫א' א‪?(s‬א‪ 1‬א‪4‬א (? "‪6I5(?OIIJ ¥‬م‪!_،‬ن‪b1_L05 1‬‬
‫‪N‬א'‪S‬א‪0Wb`8‬א‪I‬א'  ‪vWT'K5‬א‪¦0?/=„"$‬א* ‪/‬א ‪L‬‬
‫א‪O"$ _fS(??=$,‬א‪ !1G‬و‪ (16)K??=$WOS]25‬‬

‫{‪s‬אא‪N! Ž@1‬وאدא  א‪R0‬‬ ‫א‪6"$‬אدאد(‪ K‬‬


‫‪W‬نא‪¥" 1‬א א‪TS R0‬א"„‪ /‬א' ‪TS Q‬א‪¥§/$‬א"„ ‬
‫א']א‪G‬وو?‪>0‬لא א‪ I.6‬א‪X‬א* ‪،‬ودא‪05`fS"g$‬‬
‫א‪$K‬وא‪?!$"$6‬אزد‪ %‬א‪K$2? J5K$p‬א"!‪N4‬א‪(?Q$K‬‬
‫א _א‪ "$6‬א'’وא‪= b1_8‬لא'!‪N‬א‪Ž1#vW JQ1h‬א‪ XG‬‬
‫‪vW 65‬و‪Z‬د‪S$6I"$‬א‪ US‬א‪11I‬א!!‪IJ$‬قאא‪nX‬‬
‫وא م‪،‬و}دوא‪1I‬نوא‪ ،9K$p‬ووא‪L7(!PL05#‬א'‪6‬אوא‪K‬وא‬
‫و‪S!'‚!K51J[S‬א"!‪ N4‬وא‪_3‬א '‪ ]S‬א‪ I‬אא‪9‬א‪8‬‬
‫א‪Q$K‬و‪>‚"E‬لא ‪9‬א'? ‪e،L0!05‬و‪n‬א‪y7‬א‪rs%&'(?/‬‬
‫?‪ J0"?6I‬א"'و‪[J‬א‪ _3‬א ‪L%‬א‪y‬א~א‪ EQ?=$,‬אو‪$‬‬
‫א‪?K%]fS"gTS $K‬م‪s%‬א ‪6?!$‬א‪ KF3‬‬

‫א"لאא‪$K‬א'’‪_،‬ن‬
‫ وאدא‪0‬א' و‪l$n1I? 7‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪156‬‬
‫?(א وאدא‪_(s‬ن{‪ !%K?L‬وא‪<XG‬א‪$K‬א‪0 B8‬א‪¦K‬‬
‫_‪s%‬אא‪j‬للא‪(6‬א‪ Q1*EG‬א‪Q !"#‬א' ‪TS 6 _JQ‬ن‬
‫א"‪6I‬مא'<و‪/$‬א'! אن"‪ K‬‬ ‫א‪?O p?Ž"_Rs‬א' وא‪ W?TI‬‬
‫?‪WKKK‬نא‪?G‬א‪p:{l8‬و‪/ 'S NJ01‬א‪6n!SK‬ون}א"!‪F"KP9‬‬
‫و ‪،6I‬و‪،0@?3"K5‬و  א"!‪9‬א‪1x6 %6%318‬‬
‫‪,‬אد‪0'E?05‬א'!?‪،‬و‪ Q%ŠW‬א"‪TS l$2‬د ?‪8‬א وא'‪6‬ل‪K‬‬
‫‪L_'Z‬وא‪W6J‬אد‪17O5‬نو?‪!E O"w3‬نא‪_3‬א‪6 $K‬א‪(6‬‬
‫‪1‬م‪}3?L ›،‬و '‪ qS"E6 ?N‬א"‪ŽS"QK1‬و‪#‬د‪J‬د‪"$‬و‪ 7W‬א‬
‫א‪JTS b45?G‬لوא‪6J‬و|{ !‪S‬א"!‪N4‬א‪$K‬و}دوא‪9K$p‬‬
‫و]نא ‪9‬א'?‪،‬و‪s%‬א ‪ xTS‬א?‬ ‫‪KK$‬و"و{א'‪B‬لوא‪s‬ل‪ (17)?KK‬‬
‫ ‪OE‬אمא‪Q$K‬א* ‪KQ‬و‪l 1‬א"‪ 2‬‬
‫?(=ل?‪^E،O p?}#‬نل‬
‫§‪6 r6‬א  א‪Q$K‬א' ‪ EQ‬‬
‫א‪(6‬א‪Ž1#vWQ1*EG‬א  (א' ‪/‬‬
‫א‪0‬و‪R‬א‪Rs‬א "‪h‬ن‪¥=]W‬א‪Z‬‬
‫‪  2567‬و‪¥‬א'@ ‪y7[S'"!E‬א‪(?/‬‬
‫א‪?¨Q$K‬א' ("‪T52‬دون‪ 7W‬א‬
‫א ‪0‬مא‪_3!S6‬א‪$K‬‬
‫‪1‬مد‪N R"$‬א‪_3‬א‪$K‬‬
‫_‪ :p?T S B‬א‪05‬‬
‫א‪(?7=1‬א‪ y‬‬
‫א‪ E¨‚!K58‬אدوא‪!%K9 !i‬‬
‫א‪ "J_$$G‬م‪RvW‬א'?‬
‫]‪x‬א‪ I‬אא‪9‬א‪$L0!058‬א}?(=ل‬
‫وא‪053"$‬א‪ I‬אא‪9‬א‪P0!058‬‬
‫א"!‪N4‬א‪lj‬א"‪t‬مא"@‪ Kb‬‬
‫!(א‪ I"$‬א‪%‬א‪Q$K‬وא‪ KQ !"#‬‬
‫ !?‪eŽSx،‬و‪R  ?9‬‬
‫?א‪(6‬א"‪T 6IE،QK1‬‬
‫א‪f '50‬א‪_3‬א‪’$K‬‬
‫? ‪_3!S5K$p??0‬א‪$K‬‬
‫ ج (א!نא* ‪Q‬א‪?6‬‬
‫א‪6'l46‬א (א ‪L%‬א* ‪،‬‬
‫א‪TS B_y‬א (‪I1‬طא"‪n/I‬‬
‫‪J‬א "‪ :Wh‬א‪U‬א'?‪p:K5‬و‪01‬‬
‫א‪ I.6‬א‪X‬و`‪0"?6I?05‬א‪_3‬‬
‫و] ‪ 7‬אא‪05‬א‪ S"t‬و‪W‬دא?@‪(0‬‬
‫א‪$K‬و‪1‬مא‪F3‬א‪=$,‬مא‪Rs‬‬
‫ ن‪'E‬ج‪( h'Q!5XW‬‬
‫‪fS"g‬א@‪¢‬وא"‪97‬א‪KK  !"#‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
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‫وא"'‪6‬دא  ‪fS"g R‬א‪9j‬א†]وא'?‪P‬ذ‪q‬‬


‫"‪TE‬و?دˆ‪ J‬א"' ‬
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‫א‪`$K‬و‪uS$‬א‪6"$‬אد א!‪$‬و‪'X‬א ‪l‬א‪ 3‬‬
‫‬
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‫א‪LI‬و‪ K0AJW‬‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﻣﺶ‪:‬‬ ‫‪rs%(?}B#‬א?‪1I01^E،‬‬
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‫وא‪ I.6‬א‪،X‬و‪B_ ?W9‬دא‪9$‬א‪http://www.4shared.com/document/T1 6J‬‬
‫‪ tGcThq‬‬ ‫א' ‪،2010،‬ص‪ K36K‬‬
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‫א‪ K104C‬‬
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‫א‪K‬א‪ W  ( =I1‬א‪ L%‬‬
‫א‪ I.6‬א‪ n X‬א‪ II‬وא‪ ،L%‬ط‪1‬‬
‫א‪’ W %I‬א "Ž‪،2006‬ص‪ 106K‬‬
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‫‪ ،!  ،6!e‬א‪ F3‬א‪?=$,‬‬ ‫)‪(13‬‬

‫א‪7‬‬ ‫א‪W 1‬‬ ‫א* ‬ ‫وא‪ I.6‬א‪X‬‬


‫א ‪y‬و‪ www.hewaraat.coLWQ1‬‬
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‫)‪KJW (15‬ن س‪? ،‬א‪F3‬א‪l61G‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬

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