10.

43: Suppose to port 1 of a quadrature hybrid coupler we apply the appropriate

frequency voltage
D
V1+ = 1.0e j 0 V .
If port 2 is terminated in a short circuit, determine the voltage exiting ports 1, 3 and 4.

Setup: This is somewhat similar to Example 10.12. We want to find each reflected
voltage as a function of the scattering parameters and V1+ .

Solution:
The scattering matrix for the quadrature hybrid coupler is (10.57):

⎡0 j 1 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
−1 ⎢ j 0 0 1 ⎥
[ ]
S = .
2 ⎢1 0 0 j ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 j 0⎦

Expanding the voltage relationships out for this scattering matrix:

V1− = S11V1+ + S12V2+ + S13V3+ + S14V4+ = S12V2+ + S13V3+
V2− = S 21V1+ + S 22V2+ + S 23V3+ + S24V4+ = S21V1+ + S24V4+
V3− = S31V1+ + S32V2+ + S33V3+ + S34V4+ = S31V1+ + S34V4+
V4− = S 41V1+ + S 42V2+ + S 43V3+ + S44V4+ = S42V2+ + S43V3+

With ports 3 and 4 terminated in matched loads (V3+ = V4+ = 0 ) , these become
V1− = S12V2+
V2− = S 21V1+
V3− = S31V1+
V4− = S 42V2+

Now, with port 2 terminated in a short (Vv+ = −V2− ) ,we then have
V1− = − S12 S 21V1+
V2− = S 21V1+
V3− = S31V1+
V4− = − S 42 S 21V1+

Evaluating,

Written by Stuart M. Wentworth. Copyright John Wiley and Sons 2007

V1− = − ⎜ ⎟⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠
( )
⎛ − j ⎞⎛ − j ⎞ j 0D
⎟ 1e
D
= 0.5e j 0 V

V3− = S31V1+ = ⎜
⎝ 2⎠
( )
⎛ −1 ⎞ j 0D
⎟ 1e
D
= −0.707e j 0 V

V4− = − ⎜ ⎟⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠
( )
⎛ −1 ⎞⎛ − j ⎞ j 0D
⎟ 1e
D
= 0.5e− j 90 V

Written by Stuart M. Wentworth. Copyright John Wiley and Sons 2007