8.

3: Sketch an appropriate cross-section of the radiation pattern and determine the beamwidth,
pattern solid angle and directivity for the following normalized radiation intensities:
( a ) Pn (θ , φ ) = cosθ for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π 2, 0 otherwise.
(b) Pn (θ ,φ ) = cos2 θ for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π 2, 0 otherwise.
( c ) Pn (θ , φ ) = cos3 θ for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π 2, 0 otherwise.

Setup: It is easiest to make these plots using MATLAB. As mentioned in the MATLAB
statement, “The polar plot function doesn't allow multiple plots. So we have to let the angle
theta loop around several times, changing the rho function each time.”

Solution:
The patterns are drawn using MLP0803:

% MLP0803
% Polar Plots for P8.03
%
% The polar plot function doesn't allow multiple
% plots. So we have to let the angle theta loop
% around several times, changing the rho function
% each time.
%
for i=1:100
theta(i)=-pi/2+i*pi/100;
rho(i)=cos(theta(i));
end
for j=101:200
theta(j)=(-pi/2)+j*pi/100;
rho(j)=0;
end
for i=201:300
theta(i)=-pi/2+i*pi/100;
rho(i)=(cos(theta(i)))^2;
end
for j=301:400
theta(j)=-pi/2+j*pi/100;
rho(j)=0;
end
for i=401:500
theta(i)=-pi/2+i*pi/100;
rho(i)=(cos(theta(i)))^3;
end
for j=501:600
theta(j)=-pi/2+j*pi/100;
Fig. P8.3
rho(j)=0;
end
polar(theta,rho)

Written by Stuart M. Wentworth. Copyright John Wiley and Sons 2007

(a) Beamwidth: solving θ for cos θ = 0.5, we find θ = 60°, and beamwidth = 2 θ = 120°.

Pattern solid angle:

π 2
Ω P = ∫∫ Pn (θ , φ )d Ω = ∫∫ cos θ sin θ dθ dφ = 2π ∫ cosθ sin θ dθ
0
u = cos θ , du = − sin θ dθ , so
π 2
Ω P = −2π ∫ udu = −π u 2 = −π cos 2 θ = π sr.
0
4π
Dmax = =4
ΩP

(b) Beamwidth: solving θ for cos2θ = 0.5, we find θ = 45°, and beamwidth = 2 θ = 90°.

Pattern solid angle:

π 2
Ω P = ∫∫ cos 2 θ sin θ dθ dφ = 2π ∫ cos
2
θ sin θ dθ
0
u = cos θ , du = − sin θ dθ , so
π 2
2π 3 2π 2π
Ω P = −2π ∫ u du = −
2
u =− cos3 θ = sr
3 3 0 3
4π
Dmax = =6
ΩP

(c) Beamwidth: solving θ for cos3θ = 0.5, we find θ = 37.5°, and beamwidth = 2 θ = 75°.

Pattern solid angle:

Ω P = ∫∫ cos3 θ sin θ dθ dφ = −2π ∫ u 3du
where u = cos θ and du = -sin θ dθ ,
π 2
2π π
ΩP = − cos 4 θ = sr
4 0 2
4π
Dmax = =8
ΩP

Written by Stuart M. Wentworth. Copyright John Wiley and Sons 2007