Science Investigatory Project

Scientific
Method
  Uses the scientific
method to study and test
an idea about how
something works.

SIP
 Itinvolves researching a
topic, formulating a
hypothesis, conducting
an experiment,
recording and reporting
the results.
 Coming up with a Problem
(Statement of the Problem)
 Select a topic/ problem that interests you.
 Make sure that the topic/ problem you chose is
manageable.
➢ time
➢ budget
➢ skill level
➢ compliant to school mechanics
➢ ethical
 Researching your topic
(Writing RRL)
 Read references that is in line with the
topic you’ve chosen.
 Your sources must be:
➢ unbiased
➢ timely
➢ credible
➢ Solid (founded)
 Forming a hypothesis

A supposition or proposed explanation

made on the basis of limited evidence as a
starting point for further investigation.
 “Educated guess”
 Tentative answer to the problem
 Designing Experiment
 After formulating your hypothesis, it is time
to test whether it is valid or not.
 The following tips will help you:
➢ consider variables (independent: those you
change, dependent: those that change in
response to independent variable,
controlled: those that remain the same)
Gathering and Treatment of
Data
 You must record all the data
pertinent to your studies
 No data is “unimportant”
 Qualitative data or Quantitative
data
 Analysis
 To effectively analyze your data, you must
arrange it in a logical manner
➢ Tables
➢ Charts
➢ Graphs
 Treat the data statistically (mean, median, or
mode)
Presentation
 Presentation
 Itis imperative for the researcher to
communicate the study to various
audiences.
 Must be “ready” to answer questions
to defend the study
 SIP Exercise Sample 1

 In Brgy. Pulang Bato of Liloan, Cebu parents have observed that

many of their children are suffering from lice infestation. As a local
health worker and researcher, you have suggested the use of
citronella oil shampoo to kill off the lice. But before doing so, you
have to conduct a scientific investigation to prove its effectivity.
 Question:
1. What would be the appropriate title of your SIP?
2. Write 3 statement of the problem for your SIP.
3. Write 3 hypotheses for your SIP
 Let’s Find Out

 In Brgy. Pulang Bato of Liloan, Cebu parents have observed that

many of their children are suffering from lice infestation. As a local
health worker and researcher, you have suggested the use of
citronella oil shampoo in removing dandruff. But before doing so,
you have to conduct a scientific investigation to prove its
effectivity.
 Proposed Titles:
a. Effectivity of Citronella Oil as Shampoo to kill off Lice
b. Pesticidal Activity of Citronella Oil Shampoo in Lice Infested Hair
c. Pesticidal Efficacy of Citronella Oil Shampoo
 Let’s Find Out

a. Title: Pesticidal Activity of Citronella Oil Shampoo in Lice Infested

Hair
 Statement of the Problem:
This paper seeks to find out the pesticidal activity of citronella oil
shampoo, specifically to determine the following
a. Length of time it takes to kill off the lice
b. Effectivity in removing egg louse
c. Effectivity in warding off new louse eggs, nymphs and adult lice
 Let’s Find Out

a. Title: Pesticidal Activity of Citronella Oil Shampoo in Lice Infested

Hair
 Statement of the Problem:

This paper seeks to find out the pesticidal activity of citronella oil shampoo, specifically to determine the following

a. Length of time it takes to kill off the lice

b. Effectivity in removing egg louse

c. Effectivity in warding off new louse eggs, nymphs and adult lice

➢ Hypothesis
Citronella Oil Shampoo is effective in killing off lice in terms of the
length of time it kills off lice, removing egg louse, and in warding off
new louse eggs, nymphs and adult lice.
 SIP Exercise 1.1

 In Brgy. Dumlog of Talisay City, Cebu parents have observed that

many of their teen-aged children are suffering from dandruff and dry,
scaly scalp. As a local health worker and researcher, you have
suggested the use of coconut cream to get rid of dandruff. But before
doing so, you have to conduct a scientific investigation to prove its
effectivity.
 Question:
1. What would be the appropriate title of your SIP?
2. Write 3 statement of the problem for your SIP.
3. Write 3 hypotheses for your SIP
 Coconut Cream SIP

 Proposed Titles:
a. Effectivity of Coconut Cream in Removing
Dandruff
b. Anti-Fungal Activity of Coconut Cream in
Treating Dandruff
c. Anti-Fungal Efficacy of Coconut Cream as a
topical agent
Anti-Fungal Activity of Coconut Cream in
Treating Dandruff

 Statement of the Problem: This investigation

focuses on finding out the anti-fungal activity of
coconut cream in treating dandruff. Specifically
it seeks to answer the following questions:
a. How long does it take to eliminate dandruff?
b. How effective it is in treating symptoms of
dandruff?
c. How effective it is in moisturizing the scalp?
Anti-Fungal Activity of Coconut Cream
in Treating Dandruff

 Statement of the Problem: This investigation focuses on

finding out the anti-fungal activity of coconut cream in
treating dandruff. Specifically it seeks to address the
following:
a. The length of time it removes the dandruff.
b. The effectivity of coconut cream in treating symptoms of
dandruff
c. The effectivity of coconut cream as a remedy for dry, scaly
scalp.
 Hypothesis
 Coconut Cream exhibits anti-fungal activity with
properties in treating symptoms of dandruff, remedying
dry, scaly scalp in a short period of time.
 Coconut Cream is effective in treating dandruff in terms
of length of time, treating dandruff symptoms and
remedying dry, scaly scalp.
Sample SIP by the Grade 10
(SY 2019-2020)
Sample SIP by the Grade 10
(SY 2019-2020)
Sample SIP by the Grade 9
(SY 2019-2020)
Sample SIP by the Grade 9
(SY 2019-2020)
Sample SIP by the Grade 9
(SY 2019-2020)
 To test your hypothesis. Whether the
results of the experiment support or
disprove the hypothesis.

[Link] If the hypothesis is supported, then the

results of the experiment will indicate
EXPERIMENT that the hypothesis is correct.

However, the results of your experiment

can also prove that the hypothesis is
wrong.
 I. DESIGNING EXPERIMENT
 Know your variables (independent,
dependent and control variables)
 Consider the materials you will need ---
availability
(better if readily available at home and
affordable)
II. CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT

 Closely follow the steps that you

have planned to test your
experiment
 Conduct your test at least three times
to ensure a scientifically-valid result.
I. Designing an Experiment
I. Designing an Experiment
A. Variables
a. Independent Variables
b. Dependent Variables
c. Control Variables
d. Controlled and Experimental Group
 II. Doing the Experiment

METHODOLOGY
a. Materials and Equipment (list the materials and equipment you will need to
perform the experiment)

b. General Procedures
❑ Outline the procedures you will follow as you conduct the
experiment. (Recipe type procedure) (in number or
bullet form)
Example
Scenario:
John observes his grandmother bake bread. He asks his grandmother what
makes the bread rise. She explains that yeast releases a gas as it feeds on
sugar.
Problem/Question:
Will the amount of sugar used in the recipe affect the size of the bread loaf?
Variables
Independent Variables:
 the amount of sugar (John will use 25g, 50, 100g, 150g in his experiment)
Dependent Variables
 The size of the loaf of bread
Control Variables
 Other ingredients to be used, oven, rise time, brand of the ingredients,
cooking time, pan, temp, etc.
Example
Experimental Group
The set-ups where John used the different amounts of sugar.
Controlled Group
Because his grandmother always used 50g. of sugar in her recipe, John is going to use that amount in his control group.

Experimental Group Controlled Group

Same bread Same bread

ingredients but using 3 ingredients but using
different amounts of the usual amount of
sugar: sugar used by his
- 25g. of sugar grandmother
- 100g. of sugar - 50g of sugar
- 150g. of sugar
 II. Doing the Experiment
METHODOLOGY
a. Materials and Equipment
Materials (include specific measurements like 2cups, 1kilo, 4
drops etc.)
Equipment (gas stove, pan, beaker, weighing scale etc.)

b. General Procedures
❑ Outline the procedures you will follow as you conduct the
experiment. (Recipe type procedure) (in number or bullet form)
 SAMPLE:
[Link] each battery so you can tell them apart.
[Link] each battery's voltage by using the voltmeter.
[Link] the same battery into one of the devices and turn it on.
[Link] the device run for thirty minutes before measuring its voltage again.
(Record the voltage in a table every time it is measured.)
[Link] step 4 until the battery is at 0.9 volts or until the device stops.
A. CONDUCT OF THE ACTUAL EXPERIMENT
Here are the guidelines on how to conduct the actual experiment:

a. Be familiar with the materials/equipment that you

will use which are available in the house.
b. Be aware of handling and disposal procedure while
conducting the experiment.
c. Perform the actual experiment.
d. Collect data applying the science process skills steps in
scientific method.
 B. DATA ANALYSIS, MAKING CONCLUSIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 Findings – the data may be presented in full and discussed

descriptively in the test or these may be summarized in tables,
pictures and graphs. The statistical test used to determine the
possible significance of the findings should be described. Tables,
pictures and graphs should make the presentation of the data
more meaningful.

 Analysis of Data – the interpretation of the findings is discussed,

and the significant features shown in the tables, figures or graphs
are pointed out.
How should the findings/results be written?

❑ Show the most relevant information in graphs,

figures, and tables.
❑ Include data that may be in the form of pictures,
notes, and interviews.
❑ Clarify unclear points
❑ Present results with a short discussion explaining
them at the end.
❑ Include the negative results.
Data may be in any of these format:

 TABULAR DATA:
 The type of data which is represented using
tables/chart, graphs , diagram and presented in an
organized way.

 TEXTUAL DATA:
 This is another form of data presented in the form of
texts, phrases or paragraphs. These are
representations in words.
First, arrange the data in order for you to identify
the important characteristics. This can be done by
rearranging data from lowest to highest.
 The following is one way of presenting
data in textual form:

 In the Statistics class of 40 students, 3 obtained

the perfect score of 50. sixteen students got a
score of 40 and above, while only 3 got 19 and
below. Generally, the students performed well in
the test with 23 or 70% getting a passing score
of 38 and above.
 IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER IN DATA
INTERPRETATION:

a) Classify data collected.

b) Record and organize the data using graphs and tables.
c) Describe the data collected.
❑ Analyze data by determining if there are any trends or
patterns in the data.
❑ Find out whether data support the hypothesis or prediction.
❑ Work in groups to critique tabulated or graphed data based on
the experiment or investigation conducted.
 B. DATA ANALYSIS, MAKING CONCLUSIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• Conclusions- the general truth, implied or illustrated by the results

should be clearly stated. The evidence based on the results should
be summarized for each statement.

• Recommendations – this consists of suggestions on the future

actions such as new direction of research or further experiments to
be performed, practices that might be adapted or discarded in
order to attain certain goals or objectives.
C. CONCLUSION

• Conclusions should appropriately answer the

specific questions raised at the beginning of
the investigation in the order they are given
under the statement of the problem.

• It should point out what were factually

learned from the inquiry.
D. RECOMMENDATIONS

• Recommendations are the added suggestions

that you want people to follow when
performing future studies. These are based on
what you have found or what you might be
interested in doing at some point in the
future.
 D. RECOMMENDATIONS
❑ When writing your recommendation:
➢ You can talk about the steps that should be followed in
future studies. These include steps that are needed to
implement,
➢ Particular policies or actions that you want to follow.
➢ Any resources that would be required in the process should
be explained as well.
➢ You must be specific when talking about what you might
be interested in doing in the future with regards to making
any potential studies stand out and work to your favor.