Guess the

Picture!
TYPES OF VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
Objectives:
1. Differentiate between the types of magma.
2. Relate the type of magma to the type of
volcanic eruption.
3. Explain the movement of magma in the earth’s
interior.
4. Describe the effect of temperature to the
formation of gas.
 Make your
Volcano Erupt”
it to experience
 Bubbles produced (less, Height reached by the
more, great) bubbles (Cm)

Set-up A (2.5 ml) Baking

Soda

Set-up B (5 ml) Baking Soda

Set-up C (10 ml) Baking

Soda
V. Guide Questions:
1.Which set-up produced less bubbles? More bubbles?
2.Which set-up reached the highest peak? Lowest peak?
3.How does the amount of baking soda affect the bubbles produced?
4.How does the amount of baking soda affect the height reached by the bubbles?
5.Based on the experiment, what factors affected the result for each set – up?
6.Based on the experiment, what factors do you think affect volcanic eruption?
Are you familiar with the
most powerful type of
why
So, volcanoes
what is a erupt?
magma?
volcanic eruption?
CHARACTERISTICS
OF MAGMA
Gases in Magmas
Gas gives magmas their
explosive character
because volume of gas
expands as pressure is
reduced.
Temperature of Magmas
 affects its viscosity, or its
resistance to flow. The
higher the temperature,
the lower the viscosity.
The lower the
temperature the higher
the viscosity.
Viscosity of Magma
a liquid's resistance to flow.
Viscosity depends on
primarily on the composition
of the magma, and
temperature.
Viscosity is directly
proportional to the silica content
in the magma.
 Viscosity is indirectly
proportional to the temperature
of the magma.
 Viscous magmas tend to stay
below the surface or erupt
explosively.
There are 3 Types of magma that are determined by chemical
composition of the magma. Three general types are
recognized:
BASALTIC MAGMA
Solidified Rock Basalt

SiO2 45-55 %, high in Fe, Mg,

Chemical Composition
Ca, low in K, Na

Temperature 1000 - 1200oC

Viscosity Low
Gas Content Low
 ANDESITIC
Solidified Rock Andesite

Chemical 55-65 SiO2 %, intermediate in

Composition Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K

Temperature 800 - 1000oC

Viscosity Intermediate
Gas Content Intermediate
 RHYOLITIC
Solidified Rock Rhyolite

Chemical 65-75 SiO2 %, low in Fe, Mg,

Composition Ca, high in K, Na.

Temperature 650 - 800oC

Viscosity High
Gas Content High
How does magma affect
the type of volcanic
eruption of a volcano?
 The explosivity of an eruption depends on the
composition of the magma.

 If magma is thin and runny, gases can escape

easily from it. When this type of magma erupts, it
flows out of the volcano.
 If magma is thick and sticky, gases cannot escape
easily. Pressure builds up until the gases escape
violently and explode.
Magma is a molten and
semi-molten rock
mixture found under the
surface of Earth. Magma
originates in the lower
part of Earth’s crust and
in the upper portion of
the mantle. Differences
in temperature, pressure,
and structural formations
in the mantle and crust
cause magma to form.
why does magma rise
or fissures out to the
Earth’s atmosphere?
STROMBOLIAN ERUPTION
 STROMBOLIAN ERUPTION

 A periodic, weak, to violent eruption

characterized by fountain lava.
 Strombolian eruptions are moderately
explosive eruptions of basaltic magma with
moderate gas content. Strombolian eruptions
consist of intermittent, discrete explosive
bursts which eject pyroclastic as high as
hundreds of feet into the air in firework-like
incandescent rooster-tails, and volcanic ash.
 Example: Irazu Volcano, Costa Rica
VULCANIAN ERUPTION
 VULCANIAN ERUPTION
 These eruptions are characterized by
sustained explosions of solidified or highly
viscous andesite or rhyolite magma from
the vent.
 Characterized by tall eruption columns that
reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic fall
and ash fall tephra.
 Vulcanian eruptions are considered very
explosive.
PLINIAN ERUPTION
 PLINIAN ERUPTION

 Plinian
The name Plinianareeruption
eruptions is
associated
derived
with from the Pelée
volatile-rich daciticvolcano
to
in Martinique, which erupted
rhyolitic magma, and they
very violently in 1902
typically erupt from
 Excessively explosive type of
stratovolcanoes.
volcanic eruption of gas and
pyroclastic.
PHREATIC
 PHREATIC
 Is a steam-driven eruption as the
rocks meet water. It is short-lived,
characterized by ash columns but
maybe an onset of a larger eruption.
 No new magma reaches the surface.
Surge deposits may result from these
eruptions.
 Example: Mt. Mayon
PHREATOMAGMATIC
 PHREATOMAGMATIC

 Is a violent eruption due to the

contact of magma to water. As a
result, a huge/ large column of
very fine ash and high-speed and
sideway emission of pyroclastic
called base surges are observed.
what will you do if the
Mayon volcano erupt?
Get ¼ sheet of paper and answer the following question.

1.It is type of volcanic eruption that occurs when the hot rocks come
in contact with water is called
A. Phreatomagmatic eruption
B. Strombolian eruption
C. Phreatic or hydrothermal eruption
D. Plinian eruption
2.It is type of volcanic eruption that occurs
when the magma contact with water is called
A. Phreatomagmatic eruption
B. Strombolian eruption
C. Phreatic or hydrothermal eruption
D. Plinian eruption
3.It is characterized by tall eruption columns that
reach to 20km high
A. Vulcanian eruption
B. Plinian eruption
C. Strombolian eruption
D. Phreatomagmatic eruption
4.It is excessively explosive type of eruption of
gas and pyroclastic
A. Vulcanian eruption
B. Plinian eruption
C. Strombolian eruption
D. Phreatomagmatic eruption
5.It is type of volcanic eruption that have a periodic
weak to violent eruption it is characterized by
fountain lava
A. Vulcanian eruption
B. Plinian eruption
C. Strombolian eruption
D. Phreatomagmatic eruption
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. C
THANKS!