13. Which of the following scenarios best describes the role of a magma chamber in a volcano?

A. It is the opening through which lava, ash, and gas are expelled during an eruption.
B. It is the outermost layer of the volcano where cooled lava accumulates.
C. It is the reservoir beneath the volcano where magma is stored before an eruption.
D. It is the conduit that connects the magma chamber to the volcano’s vent.
14. What will happen if the temperature of the magma inside the volcano increases?
A. Viscosity decreases C. Viscosity increase
B. Viscosity remains the same D. Viscosity will not be affected
15. A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava.
A. Vulcanian B. Strombolian C. Plinian D. Phreatomagmatic
16. Viscosity is the property of material’s resistance to flow. Which of the following substance possess the
highest viscosity?
A. Water B. Syrup C. Wine D. Oil
17. At depth in the Earth, nearly all magmas contain gas dissolved in liquid. When do the gases form into a
separate vapor phase?
A. When the temperature of the magma decreases significantly.
B. When the magma cools down rapidly.
C. When pressure is decreased as magma rises toward the surface of the Earth.
D. When the magma is exposed to the open air
18. In magma formation, what should be the temperature and pressure requirements?
A. High temperature and high pressure
B. Low temperature and low pressure
C. High temperature and low pressure
D. High pressure and low temperature
19. Which of the following is the most dangerous type of volcanic eruption?
A. Volcano B. Vulcanian C. Plinian D. Strombolian
20. An eruptive style characterized by fountain lava.
A. Strombolian B. Phreatic C. Vulcanian D. Plinian
21. It is characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall
tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.
A. Vulcanian B. Phreatic C. Plinian D. Strombolian
22. What will you do if the volcano that is nearby to your house will suddenly about to erupt?
A. Bring all the appliances to the evacuation center to make sure that they're all secured and free from
damage.
B. Join the volcanologist in monitoring the condition of the volcano in order to gain knowledge about it.
C. Prepare mask and eye protection in order to get rid with ash and dust particles that expelled by
volcano.
D. Stay outdoors and watch the spectacular volcanic eruption.
23. A volcano is known to produce magma with a high gas content. Given this information, which of the
following eruption types is least likely to happen?
A. An effusive eruption with slow-moving lava flows.
B. An explosive eruption with a large ash column.
C. A gentle eruption with minimal ash production.
D. An underwater eruption with little impact on land.
24. A volcano has been erupting continuously for several days, ejecting blobs of molten rock into the air. Given
these observations, which type of eruption does this most closely resemble?
A. Vulcanian B. Phreatomagmatic C. Strombolian D. Plinian
25. A volcano is known for producing highly viscous magma. Considering this, which of the following hazards is
least likely to occur during an eruption?
A. Fast-moving lava flows C. Formation of a new island
B. Pyroclastic flows D. Air pollution from volcanic gases
26. Imagine you are a scientist who has discovered a new type of volcanic gas emission. This emission is
characterized by a high concentration of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. How would you interpret this new
finding?
A. The volcano is dormant. C. The volcano has just erupted.
B. The volcano is about to erupt. D. The volcano is active but not about to erupt.
27. Heat from the volcano can be utilized as energy source. Which energy comes from the volcano?
A. Biomass C. Geothermal
B. Dendrothermal D. Hydroelectric
28. Which shows the correct sequence of the flow of energy in a Geothermal Power Plant?
A. electricity → steam → generator turbine →hot water
B. hot water → generator turbine → steam →electricity
42. Which region receives the most to least amount of solar radiation?

A. North pole → Antarctic circle → Tropic of Capricorn → Equator

B. Equator → Tropic of Cancer → Arctic circle → South Pole
C. South pole → Equator → Antarctic Circle → Tropic of Cancer
D. Equator → Arctic Circle → Tropic of Cancer →South Pole
43. How does higher altitude affect the climate of an area?
A. The closer you get to the equator, the hotter it gets.
B. The higher you go above sea level, the colder it gets.
C. The farther you get from the equator, the colder it gets.
D. The higher you go, the less heat from the sun is trapped near the surface.
44. What is the greenhouse effect?
A. The process by which radiation from a planet’s atmosphere warms the planet’s surface.
B. The effect of increased rainfall due to global warming.
C. The process by which plants convert sunlight into food.
D. The effect of the ozone layer blocking harmful solar radiation
45. Which of the following is the best practice to reduce the effect of climate change?
A. organic farming C. burning fossil fuel
B. livestock raising D. car manufacturing
46. Which of the following is NOT likely a result of global warming?
A. Rising sea level C. Increased storm frequency and intensity
B. Worsening health effects D. Increased agricultural productivity worldwide
47. Which of the following is NOT associated with ocean currents?
A. Thermohaline Circulation B. El Niño C. Coriolis Effect D. Nitrogen Cycle
48. Why does the Philippines experience more rainfall during El Niño?
A. El Niño makes the Pacific Ocean around the Philippines colder.
B. El Niño changes wind patterns, pushing warm water towards the Philippines.
C. El Niño makes the seawater around the Philippines less salty.
D. El Niño makes the Philippines hotter.
49. Which of the following best explains the relationship between El Niño and global weather patterns?
A. El Niño causes a decrease in hurricane activity in the Atlantic.
B. El Niño leads to a decrease in rainfall in the western Pacific.
C. El Niño results in colder winters in North America.
D. El Niño leads to an increase in monsoon activity in India.
50. Which of the following best explains the relationship between the melting of polar ice caps and global sea
levels?
A. Melting of polar ice caps leads to a decrease in global sea levels.
B. Melting of polar ice caps has no significant effect on global sea levels.
C. Melting of polar ice caps leads to an increase in global sea levels.
D. The relationship between the melting of polar ice caps and global sea levels is not yet understood.