(Pretest)

I. Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the BEST answer. Write the letter of your answers on the space
provided before each number.

1. What is a volcano?
A. The movement of the Earth’s crust when plate boundaries move.
B. A mountain created by the faulting and folding of the Earth’s crust.
C. A cone- shaped mountain formed by erupting lava, ash and gases.
D. A landform which has a summit but without a crater.
2. What is meant by volcanic eruption?
A. It is a sudden violent shaking of the ground, causing great destruction.
B. It happens when hot lava, ash and gases are discharged from a Volcanic vent.
C. It happens when the plate edges of the Earth’s crust move downward or sideways.
D. It is a region deep within the Earth’s mantle from which heat rises.
3. The following are factors affecting the viscosity of the magma EXCEPT
A. amount of dissolved gases contained in the magma
B. chemical composition of magma
C. size of the volcano’s crater
D. temperature of magma
4. Which type of volcanoes have broad bases and steep sides, usually have a large crater at the top and are formed by
alternating layers of magma and ash?
A. cinder cones
B. shield volcanoes
C. composite volcanoes
D. calderas
5. Identify factor that affects the viscosity of the magma as shown in the figure.
A. high silica content
B. low gas content
C. low temperature of magma
D. high temperature of magma
6. What type of volcano is formed by the pileup of non-viscous lava that oozes out from the volcano?
A. shield volcano
B. composite volcano
C. cinder cone
D. geyser
7. Which of the following is an example of a shield volcano?
A. Paricutin Volcano
B. Mount Mayon
C. Mauna Loa
D. Krakatoa
8. Taal Volcano in Batangas is an example of what type of volcano?
A. cindercones
B. composite
C. shield
D. lava spire
9. Mt. Mayon is an example of a volcano because.
A. cinder cone, it is formed exclusively of pyroclasts.
B. composite, it is composed of alternating layers of pyroclastic fragments and solidified lava flows
C. shield, it is constructed of solidified lava flows
D. caldera, it was created when the summit was blown off bye exploding gases
10. The picture on the right shows what type of volcanic eruption?
A. plinian
B.phreatic
C. strombolian
D.phreatomagmatic
11. Which type of volcanic eruption is very explosive?
A. phreatic
B. Plinian
C. vulcanian
D. strombolian
12. Which type of volcanic eruption is the least violent?
A. phreatomagmatic
B. plinian
C. vulcanian
D. strombolian
13. Which of the statements listed below is NOT a positive aspect of a volcanic eruption?
A. Lava flows and lahars (mud flows) clear areas of woodland, agriculture and destroy settlements
B. The lava and ash deposited during a volcanic eruption breaks down to provide valuable nutrients for the soil
C. The dramatic scenery created by volcanic eruptions attracts tourists
D. All of the above
14. Which of the following is NOT a short-term response to an eruption?
A. Evacuating people who may be affected by the eruption
B. Building a volcanic observatory
C. Aid from abroad
D. All of the above
15. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about magma and lava?
A. Magma and lava are the same.

B. Magma refers to the molten materials that are still inside the volcano, while Lava is the molten material that reaches the Earth’s surface.

C. Magma refers to the molten materials that reached the Earth’s surface, while Lava is the molten materials that are still inside the volcano.

D. Magma and Lava are composed of entirely different materials

16. The gases and dust particles thrown into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions have influences on climate.
Which volcanic gases can cause global cooling and has the potential to promote global warming?
A. sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide
B. oxygen and hydrogen peroxide
C. carbon monoxide and sulfur
D. argon and silicon carbide
17. Which of the following is NOT one of the materials ejected or released from a volcano during an eruption?
A. Silicon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Potassium
D. Phosphorus
18. Which of the following is one of the gases released during a volcanic eruption?
A. Sulfur dioxide
B. Hydrogen peroxide
C. Oxygen
D. Carbon monoxide
19. Paricutin Volcano in Mexico erupted last February 20, 1943. What kind of volcanic eruption was Paricutin
Volcano?
A. phreatomagmatic
B. plinian
C. vulcanian
D. strombolian
20. Mount Pinatubo erupted last April 2, 1991. What kind of volcanic eruption was Mt. Pinatubo?
A. plinian
B.phreatic
C. strombolian
D.vulcanian
21. Eruptions caused by the interaction of water into heated magma is called:
A. plinian
B. phreatic
C. strombolian
D. vulcanian
22. It’s summer and you have been planning to take a vacation in Naga City in Bicol where your grandparents live so
you bought a bus ticket early. While you were still in Manila a few days before your scheduled trip, you saw the news
on TV that Mt. Mayon in Albay has erupted and thousands of people were evacuated. Is it safe for you to still go on
vacation in Naga?
A. Yes, because Mayon is a 2-3hour drive from Naga. The lava can’t go that far and based on its past eruptions the people in Albay are
the ones mainly affected but be prepared to encounter some traces of ash.

B. Yes, because Mayon is too far for the pyroclastic flow to reach Naga and the bus will never pass through Albay anyway so it’s safe to
take the trip.

C. No, because the ashes will surely be flown by the wind and will eventually reach Naga, thus, ruining your vacation.

D. No, because the eruption can continue for weeks.

23. Why do people near a volcano need to evacuate before it erupts?
I. Hot lava can spew out in gentle streams or can erupt violently into the air.
II. Death and serious injury to people and animals may result from burns and inhalation of hot ash and gases.
III. After erupting from the volcano, hot lava will solidify instantly once an object gets in its way as it flows trapping
anything in its path.
IV. The extreme temperatures of rocks and gas inside pyroclastic flows can cause combustible material to burn.
A. I and II only
B. I, II and IV only
C. III and IV only
D. II, III and IV only
24. How can volcanoes affect the lives of people in a positive way or in a way that is beneficial to us?
A. Many businesses will operate during volcanic eruption.
B. Ash ejected by the volcano is good for the health.
C. Habitats and landscapes are damaged by lava flows.
D. Heat energy from volcanoes is used to generate electricity known as geothermal energy.
25. Volcanic eruption is often associated with negative effects. Which of the following statements below describes the
negative effects of volcanic eruption?
A. Volcanoes attract many tourists, who enjoy the dramatic scenery that they produce.
B. Volcanic eruptions cause health problems, loss of lives and properties.
C. Ash ejected by the volcano acts as a good fertilizer for soils.
D. People became more creative by making earthenware out of the ash fall