Today we are going to discuss the different types of eruption. Here are our objectives for today’s discussion.

Objectives:
1. Identify the characteristics and distinguish the eruption styles.
2. Determine the factors that contribute to the types of eruption.
3. Evaluate the potential hazards and impacts associated with the types of eruption in the community.

Volcanic eruptions can be explosive, sending ash, gas, and lava high up into the atmosphere, or the magma
can form lava flows

EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION

 Inject large quantities of ash high into the stratosphere, typical of eruptions of rhyolite and dacite
magma that are highly viscous and gas rich. Has thick magma due to higher silica content erupt more
explosively.
 can form pyroclastic flows that sweep down valleys, destroying everything in their path. Ashes are
also high into the atmosphere, forming plumes.
EFFUSIVE ERUPTION

 Lava flows and eruption of lava fountains that produce very little ash and is typical of eruptions of
low-viscosity basaltic magma.
 Gas can escape easily, so when the magma erupts at the surface it forms lava flows. These eruptions
are gentle, effusive eruptions.
Submarine Eruption

 occur underwater, typically along mid-oceanic ridges or near volcanic islands.

 produce explosive steam-driven eruptions, hydrothermal vents, or the formation of new volcanic islands or
seamounts.
Caldera-Forming Eruption

 are extremely large and explosive events that result in the collapse of the volcano's summit.
 expel massive amounts of magma and volcanic ash, creating a large volcanic depression
 among the most powerful and catastrophic volcanic events.

I have here a table for a summary.

Type of
Explosive Effusive
Eruption
Temperatu Lower Higher
re
Dissolved Higher Lower
Gases
Silica Higher Lower
Content
Viscosity Higher Lower

Comparison between lava flows

Highly viscous flow

- dome-like
- travels little distance

Viscous flows
- thick flows
- travels some distance

Fluids flows
- thin flows
- travels great distance
Get ¼ sheet of paper and answer the following question.

1. Which characteristic is typical of effusive volcanic eruptions?

a. Violent bursts of lava, gas, and ash
b. Ash plumes and pyroclastic flows
c. Continuous, steady extrusion of lava onto the surface
d. Formation of steep-sided stratovolcanoes
2. Select the factor that contributes most to the explosivity of volcanic eruptions:
a. High temperature
b. High dissolved gases
c. Low silica content
d. Low viscosity

3. Identify the characteristics and distinguish the eruption styles.

a. Explosive eruptions involve the gentle outpouring of lava onto the surface,
while effusive eruptions are characterized by violent and sudden releases of
pressurized gases and magma.
b. Explosive eruptions are characterized by slow, steady extrusion of lava,
while effusive eruptions involve periodic, weak to violent bursts of lava.
c. Explosive eruptions are typically associated with steep-sided
stratovolcanoes, while effusive eruptions result in the formation of broad
shield volcanoes.
d. Explosive eruptions are driven by low-viscosity magma with low silica
content, while effusive eruptions are fueled by viscous magma with high
silica content.

4. Identify the hazard associated with volcanic ashfall:

a. Formation of new land from lava flows
b. Inundation of valleys and river channels with volcanic mudflows
c. Respiratory problems, damage to crops, and disruption of infrastructure.
d. Steam-driven explosions as magma meets water.

5. Which type of magma is typically associated with effusive volcanic eruptions?

a. Basaltic magma
b. Andesitic magma
c. Rhyolitic magma
d. Dacitic magma