GRADE 9 SCIENCE

WELCOME TO OUR ONLINE CLASS

QUARTER 3–LESSON:VOLCANO
 Prayer
OUR FATHER

Our Father, who art in heaven,

Hallowed be thy name;
Thy kingdom come;
Thy will be done on earth
As it is in heaven.
 Give us this day our daily bread;
And forgive us our trespasses as we
forgive those who trespass against
us;
And lead us not into temptation,
But deliver us from evil.
Amen.
 Checking of
Attendance and
Reminders
LOOKING
BACK
 Name the
different types of
volcanic
eruption
CINDER CONE
VOLCANO
LOOKING
BACK
COMPOSITE
VOLCANO
LOOKING
BACK
 SHIELD
VOLCANO
LOOKING
BACK
LAVA DOME
VOLCANO
LESSON
PROPER
Active and Inactive
Volcano
Quarter 3 – Lesson 3
 Lesson:
Volcanic eruption is a natural
phenomena which happens when lava
and gas are discharged from a
volcanic vent. Volcanic eruption can
cause damages to properties, crops,
and people. It is one of the most
destructive calamity that could
happen. Some of its common
manifestations are ash fall, lahar, lava
flow, ash cloud emissions or
Mt. Pinatubo Eruption
combination of those.
 Active Volcano
An active volcano is a volcano that has
at least one eruption during the past
10,000 years. It might be erupting or
dormant. An erupting volcano is an
active volcano that is having an
eruption... A dormant volcano is an
active volcano that is not erupting, but
supposed to erupt again.
List of Active Volcano
List of Active Volcano
 Inactive Volcano
An inactive volcano is one that could erupt but
has not erupted for more than 10,000 years.
Inactive volcanoes are also called extinct or
sleeping volcanoes They are expected to erupt
again at some point, despite being dormant for
thousands of years. Volcanoes with no record
of eruptions are considered as extinct or
inactive. Inactive does not necessarily indicate
the volcano will not erupt again.
List of Inactive Volcano
What Happens When Volcanoes
Erupt?
Quarter 3 – Lesson 4
Magma
 How does magma form?
Magma is a semi-liquid rock, crystallized minerals, dissolved gases, and
extremely hot liquid form found beneath the surface of the earth. Scientists believe that
magma exists in other terrestrial planets in and beyond our solar system. Much of the
planets mantle is made largely of magma. This magma can push through holes or cracks
in the crust causing volcanic eruptions. When magma is ejected out of the volcano, it is
called lava. When it cools and solidifies, it is known as igneous rocks. The temperature
of magma ranges from 1,292° and 2,372° Fahrenheit.

The Earth is made of the different layers consists of the inner core, outer core,
mantle, and crust. Magma is formed in the lower portion of the crust but above the
mantle. The difference in temperature, structural formation, and in the crust and the
mantle allows magma to form in several ways.
 Formation of Magma
1. Decompression Melting
- involves the movement of the earth's mantle.
The movement of the mantle creates lower
pressure points that experience a low melting
point. The rocks in this section melt to form
magma. This process of magma formation is
common in divergent boundaries where the
separation of tectonic plates occurs.
 Formation of Magma
2. Heat Transfer
- occurs at convergent boundaries when tectonic plates crash
into each other. When the denser plate subducts below the less
dense plate, hot rocks from below rises into the cooler areas
above the subducting plate resulting in the formation of magma.
 Formation of Magma
3. Flux Melting
- occurs when carbon dioxide and water are added to rocks.
These two compounds significantly reduce the melting point of
rocks resulting in the formation of magma in places that it
would have otherwise existed as igneous rocks.
 Composition of Magma
Magma contains a mixture of gases and simple elements. Magma vary
widely in their chemical composition but in general, they are made up of
only eight elements: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium,
magnesium, potassium, and other trace elements. The most abundant element
in magma is oxygen, which comprises almost half of the total, followed by
silicon at just over one-quarter, and the remaining elements make up the
other one-quarter. Magma extracted from crustal materials are highly
dominated by oxygen, silicon, aluminum, sodium, and potassium.
 Composition of Magma
The composition of magma depends on the rock it was formed from (by
melting), and the conditions of that melting. Magma derived from the mantle
have higher levels of iron, magnesium, and calcium, but they are still likely
to be dominated by oxygen and silicon. All magma have varying proportions
of elements such as hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur, which are converted into
gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide as the magma
cools.
Composition of Magma
Types of Magma
 Types of Magma
1. Mafic (basaltic) magma has low silica
content but higher contents of magnesium
and iron. It also has a low content of gas
and viscosity. Its temperature is relatively
high at between 1,000° and 1,200°
Celsius. Mafic magma does not erupt
explosively but it instead flows out of
volcanoes and moves quickly on the
surface. It turns into basalt when it cools.
 Types of Magma
2. Intermediate (andesitic) magma has
a high gas and silica content. Its
temperature is between 800° to 1000°
Celsius resulting in a higher viscosity
than mafic magma. Because of the high
viscosity, intermediate magma builds up
in magma chambers below the surface
before exploding violently as lava.
 Types of Magma
3. Felsic(rhyolitic) magma has the
highest silica and gas content. It also
has the highest viscosity because of
the low temperatures of between 650°
and 800° Celsius. Chambers of felsic
magma trap gas bubbles that result in
massive explosions that blow peaks
off mountains.
 Viscosity of Magma
Viscosity is the property of the material’s resistance to flow. It
is also described as the liquid’s thickness and stickiness. The
more viscous and thicker the material is, the greater is its
resistance to flow. The viscosity of magma decreases with
temperature. The higher the temperature of magma is, the lower
is its viscosity. As lava flows, it cools and begins to harden, its
ability to flow decreases, and eventually, it stops.
APPLICATION
What is the effect of
volcanic eruption on Human
and other Living Organisms
Thanks!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &
images by Freepik