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D.R.R.R. 11
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 17: Recognize the Signs of an Impending Volcanic
Eruptions
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Aldrin C. Loremia
Editor: Melvina S. Tarcena
Reviewers: Melvina S. Tarcena
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Micaelle Lauren V. Tenorio
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Revera, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
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Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Schools Division

of Pasig City
 D.R.R.R. 11
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module17
Recognize the Signs of an
Impending Volcanic Eruptions
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Self-Learning

Module on Recognize the Signs of an Impending Volcanic Eruptions

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reductio Self-Learning Module

on Recognize the Signs of an Impending Volcanic Eruptions

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
This module is about the concept of signs of an Impending Volcanic Eruptions
disaster in your daily life. After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. recognize the signs of impending volcanic eruptions; and
2. identify the different parameters used to monitor volcanoes;

PRETEST

Direction: Read each item comprehensively and choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. What toxic gas is released naturally by volcanoes?

A. Carbon Dioxide C. Nitrogen Dioxide
B. Hydrogen Sulphide D. Sulfur Dioxide
2. Which among these parameters Is NOT used to monitor volcanic activity?
A. Cooling of springs and wells C. Ground deformation
B. Emission of gases D. Seismic activity
3. What causes ground swells, ground tilt, and ground fissuring?
A. Increase in temperature C. Magma intrusion
B. Increase steaming activity D. Volcanic tremors
4. Which among the given signs will notice due to the presence of magma at or
near the crater?
A. Crater glow C. Localized landslides
B. Ground swells D. Volcanic quakes
5. Who made thorough studies about volcanoes?
A. Archaeologist C. Geographer
B. Geodetic Engineers D. Volcanologist

RECAP
Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

_____1. Lava is molten rock that flows out of a volcano or volcanic vent.
_____2. Pyroclastic flows are a turbulent mass of ejected fragmented volcanic
materials like ash, rocks mixed with hot gases.
_____3. Tephra, a volcanology term for ash, small rock fragments ejected from a
volcano into the atmosphere.
_____4. Lahars are a rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments ( from
pyroclastic – materials) and water.
_____5. A debris avalanche or volcanic landslide is a massive collapse of a volcano,
usually triggered by an earthquake or volcanic eruption.

LESSON

Can you predict a volcanic eruption?

* Volcanologists can predict eruptions—if they have a thorough understanding of
a volcano's eruptive history if they can install the proper instrumentation on a
volcano well in advance of an eruption, and if they can continuously monitor and
adequately interpret data coming from that equipment.

Here are the 10 Signs Of Impending Volcanic Eruption:

1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic 2. Increased steaming activity; change

quakes with rumbling sounds; the in color of steam emission from white to
occurrence of volcanic tremors. gray due to entrained ash.

3. Crater glow due to the presence of 4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground
magma at or near the crater. tilt, and ground fissuring due to magma
intrusion.
5. Localized landslides, rockfalls, and 6. Noticeable increase in the extent of
landslides from the summit area which drying up of vegetation around the
not attributable to heavy rains. volcano’s upper slopes.

7. Increase in the temperature of hot 8. Noticeable variation in the chemical

springs, a wells crater lake near the content of springs, crater lakes within
volcano. the vicinity of the volcano.

9. Drying up of springs/wells around 10. Development of new thermal areas

the volcano. and/or reactivation of old ones; the
appearance of solfatara.

VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Several signs need to be examined depending on how closely monitored a
volcano is. Scientists often use parameters to monitor volcanoes and these are:
 1. Ground deformation. As magma moves upward into the shallow plumbing
of a volcano, it takes up space. This then pushes the surrounding rock
outward causing the surface of a volcano to deform.
2. Gasses coming out of fumaroles where volcanic gas escape from the
surface. Concentrations of gases are sometimes high enough to create acid
rain that kills vegetation around the volcano; Collection of samples from
vents directly with the use of remote sensing instruments that identify and
quantify the present gases. A gas that smells like eggs gone bad, are present
and escape in seams along the mountain.
3. Increase in the frequency and intensity of earthquakes. There could also
be subtle swelling of the ground surface, it breaks rock along the way. Thus,
earthquakes are generated. Monitoring of quakes/tremors is done by using a
seismometer that determines which patterns of seismic waves precede an
eruption.
4. Sensory observations (by people living near the volcano)
➢ What they saw – the intensified presence of steam, lakes gone dry,
glowing of a volcano crater.
➢ What they hear - Rumbling sounds are heard.
➢ What they smell - observed foul smell (usually rotten egg caused by
sulfur) caused by the presence of volcanic gases.
➢ What they felt – earthquake/ground shaking is felt.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1
Direction: Tell whether the signs of the impending volcanic eruption are FACT or
BLUFF.
__________1. Development of new thermal areas and/or reactivation of old ones;
appearance of solfatara.

__________2. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of springs, crater lakes

within the vicinity of the volcano.

__________3. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, a wells crater lake near the
volcano.

__________4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground fissuring due to
magma intrusion.

__________5. .Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from

white to gray due to entrained ash.
ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Draw a volcano showing at least 5 signs before the eruption and label it.

WRAP-UP

Direction: Tell what kind of senses use in observing the sign of an impending
tsunami.
_________________ 1. Ground shaking

_________________ 2. Lakes gone dry

_________________ 3. Rotten egg caused by sulphur

_________________ 4. Glowing of volcanic crater

_________________ 5. Rumbling sounds

VALUING

Suppose you are living near the Mayon volcano, what are the signs you must
consider to be able to decide to evacuate your place. Give 5 signs and Explain.

1 2 3 4 5
 POST TEST

Direction: Match the natural signs of an impending volcanic eruption from column
A to their description in column B.
Column A Column B

1. Crater glow a. appearance of solfaratas

2. Ground swells b. occurrence of volcanic

tremors
3. Development of new thermal areas c. color of steam from white to
gray
4. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes d. presence of magma near
the crater
5. Increase in steaming activity e. tilt and fissuring due to
magma intrusion

KEY TO CORRECTION

References
PHILIPPINE NEWS

https://philnews.ph/2019/12/14/volcanic-eruption-what-are-the-signs-of-an-impending-volcanic-
eruption/

SCIENCES FANTASTICA

https://scientiafantastica.wixsite.com/scientiafantastica/single-post/2017/12/08/Signs-of-
Impending-Volcanic-Eruption