Science 5

Science – Grade 5
Quarter 4 – Self Learning Module 1: Weathering
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Pejay B. Sasotona
Editor: Mrs. Helen C. Jagmis
Reviewers: Liza A. Alvarez
Illustrator: Edison Clet
Layout Artist: Margie A. Rosario
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta Ed D
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez(Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao(AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD(MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD(Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. TagulaoEdD(Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Science 5
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 1
Weathering
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 5 Self-Learning Module 1 on Weathering!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 6 Self-Learning Module 1 on Weathering!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest–This measure how much you have learned from the

entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

After going through this self-learning module, it is expected that you will be able to:
1. describe the processes on how rocks turn into soil;
2. illustrate the breaking down of rocks in a form of time lapse; and
3. investigate the factors that causes the rocks to break into soil.

PRETEST
Directions: Describe the process on how rocks turn into soil. Put a sign
on the blank if the statement is correct and sign if the statement is
incorrect.

_______________1. Rocks are the toughest thing on earth that there is no

single element could break them through.
_______________2. The hardness of a rock decreases due to excessive exposure
in a changing weather temperature.
_______________3. The roots of the tree could penetrate in holes of the rock
and could it in the long run.
_______________4. Rocks multiply because they undergo reproduction
process just like human being.
_______________5. The pieces of boulder turn into soil many years after it was
broken down by several factors.

RECAP

Directions: Identify the following item whether Useful Effect or Harmful

Effect of the sun. Choose your answer from the box below and write it on the
chart provided.

Vitamin D sunburn skin irritation grow plants

skin cancer relieves stress heat stroke gives off light
solar energy eye damage
 USEFUL EFFECTS OF SUN HARMFUL EFFECTS OF SUN
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

LESSON

Have you ever wondered if there is no soil on earth? Can you imagine
what would it look like?

The land is one of the most important things in our existence because
this is the place where we live. This is the place where we build our shelters,
grow our foods and make for a living. Here, we can find the soil that is
essential in supporting plant life that is vital to life on earth. It is the skin of
the earth which is a complex mixture of minerals, water, air, organic matter
and countless organisms that are the decaying remains of once-living things.

How do soils are formed?

Most of the soil came from the particles of the rock combined with the
minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with earth’s
atmosphere, water and biological organisms. Soils are formed through the
process called weathering. It is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces
and in the long run turn into soil when repeatedly exposed to different
phenomenon caused by the action of rainwater, extremes of temperature and
biological activities.

Three (3) Types of Weathering

1. Physical Weathering (Mechanical Weathering)

Weathering happens when a rock is exposed to a changing
temperature and weather condition. Sometimes the breaking down of
rocks is enhanced if assisted by the water. Physical weathering happens
especially in places where there is little soil and few plants grow, such
as in mountain regions and hot deserts. Either through repeated
melting and freezing of water (mountains and tundra) or through
expansion and contraction of the surface layer of rocks that are baked
by the sun (hot deserts).
1. Freeze-thaw occurs when water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and
expands, eventually breaking the rock apart.
2. Exfoliation occurs as cracks develop parallel to the land surface a
consequence of the reduction in pressure during uplift and erosion.

Figure 1: Examples of Physical/Mechanical Weathering (Top-Bottom:

Freeze-thaw and Exfoliation)

2. Chemical weathering
This is caused by an acid rain water reacting with the mineral
grains in rocks to form new minerals such as clay and soluble salts.
This chemical process occur more rapidly at higher temperature, so
warm, damp climates are best. Chemical weathering (especially
hydrolysis and oxidation) is the first stage in the production of soils.
a. Solution - removal of rock in solution by acidic rainwater. In
particular, limestone is weathered by rainwater containing dissolved
CO2, (this process is sometimes called carbonation).
b. Hydrolysis - the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay
and soluble salts.
c. Oxidation - the breakdown of rock by oxygen and water, often giving
iron-rich rocks a rusty-colored weathered surface.
 Figure 2: Examples of Chemical
Weathering (From left, Right and
Bottom: Solution, Hydrolysis and
Oxidation in rocks.

3. Biological Weathering
It pertains to the activities of living organisms that contribute to
the weathering process such as:
a. The penetration of the roots of the trees in the joints or cracks of the
rocks in order to find moisture.
b. Many animals, such as these Piddock shells, bore into rocks for
protection either by scraping away the grains or secreting acid to
dissolve the rock.
c. Bacteria, algae and lichens produce chemicals that help break down
the rock on which they live, so they can get the nutrients they need.

Figure 3: Plants growing on top of the rock.

 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: Oh, My Glass!

Directions: Read and understand the procedure before performing the
experiment. Prepare your answer in a separate sheet.

Materials: transparent thin drinking glass, ice tubes/cubes, hot water

Procedure: (Pre-activity: boil the water so that it is still hot during the activity.
Ask for elderly such as parents and siblings to assist you in performing this
activity.)

1. Fill half the transparent drinking glass with hot water.

2. Observe what happens. List down your observations in your
notebook.
3. Put the ice tubes/cubes in the glass.
4. Observe what will happen. List down your observations in your
notebook.

Guide Questions:

1. State the condition of the newly boiled water.

2. What is the condition of the ice?
3. Identify the property of matter that the drinking glass possesses?
4. What happened to the glass when you put the ice tubes/ cubes?
5. Why did this happen? What factor causes that to occur?

ACTIVITY 2: Word Search!

Directions: Trace with your marker the correct word that is being described
in each item in the word box below. After tracing, write your answer in the
blank opposite its description.

1. The removal of rock in solution by acidic rainwater _____________________

2. The breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce
clay and soluble salts. _____________________
3. Weathering caused by activities of living
organisms. _____________________
4. Weathering that is caused by acidic water. _____________________
5. The breakdown of rock by oxygen and water _____________________
 w e a t h e r i n g

a b p h y s i c a l

b i o l o g i c a l

h y d r o l y s i s

l m n o p q o r s t

u v c h e m i c a l

w o x i d a t i o n

f s o l u t i o n o

ACTIVITY 3: Time-lapse
Directions: Choose any of the three types of weathering. Show how rocks
break into pieces through illustrating in a form of time-lapse. Put your work
on the box below.
 WRAP UP

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct word to complete the thought
of the paragraph.

The _______________ is a mixture of rock particles, minerals, wood, and

artificial materials through contact with earth’s atmosphere, water and
biological organisms. It is formed through the process of _______________. It is
the _______________ of rocks into smaller pieces caused by several factors.
There are three types of weathering: _______________, ________________, and
_______________.

VALUING

Weathering could sometimes bring bad effects in our environment

especially the destruction of land formation that most of the tourists admire
in our place. How could you turn these negative effects into positive?

Directions: List down five (5) benefits that we can get from weathering. Write
your answers on the blank.

1. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
 POSTTEST

Directions: Choose the word from the box below that is being described in
each sentence. Write your answer on the blank.

Biological Weathering Hydrolysis Freeze-thaw

Exfoliation Mechanical Weathering Oxidation

____________________1. Occurs due to exposure changing temperature in

mountains, tundra and hot desserts.
____________________2. The breaking of rocks is caused by living organism
such as tree, animals, algae and bacteria.
____________________3. The breakdown of rock is caused by acidic water
that produces clay and soluble salts.
____________________4. The breakdown of rock is caused by oxygen and
water, often giving iron-rich rocks a rusty-colored
weathered surface.
____________________5. Occurs as cracks develop parallel to the land surface
a consequence of the reduction in pressure during
uplift and erosion
PRETEST RECAP (in any order)
1. dislike Useful Harmful
2. like 1. Vitamin D 1. sunburn
3. like 2. grow plants 2. skin irritation
4. dislike 3. Relieves stress 3. skin cancer
5. like 4. Gives off light 4. heat stroke
5.solar energy 5. eye damage
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1 (Oh, My Glass) Activity 2 Activity 3
1. boiled water- hot 1. solution (answer may vary)
2, ice-cold 2. hydrolysis
3. brittle 3. biological
4. the glass breaks 4. chemical
5. change in temperature 5. oxidation
WRAP-UP VALUING
1. soil 1. (answers may vary)
2. weathering 2. (answers may vary)
3. breaking down 3. (answers may vary)
4. physical weathering/ mechanical weathering 4.(answers may vary)
5. chemical weathering 5. (answers may vary)
6. biological weathering
POST-TEST
1. Mechanical Weathering
2. Biological Weathering
3. Hydrolysis
4. Oxidation
5. Exfoliation
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References
Internet

Centre, Scottish Sensory. “British Sign Language Glossaries of Curriculum

Terms.” Freeze-Thaw Weathering Definition. Accessed August 7, 2020.
http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/BSL/geography/freezethawd.html.

Christie, Christine. “Biological Weathering in Corrie Fee © Christine

Christie.” Biological weathering in Corrie Fee © Christine Christie ::
Geograph Britain and Ireland. Accessed August 7, 2020.
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2671203.

“File:VU0K1843 (39985550).Jpg.” Wikimedia Commons, n.d. Accessed

August 7, 2020.

“Geological Exfoliation of Rock.” Wikimedia Commons. Accessed August 7,

2020.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GeologicalExfoliationOfGra
niteRock.jpg.

“Geology, Rocks, Color, Orange, Weathered, Iron Oxide.” Pikist.com.

Accessed August 7, 2020. https://www.pikist.com/free-photo-scjbf

“Mechanical Weathering.” Wikimedia Commons. Accessed August 7, 2020.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mechanical_weathering.png.

“Solution Caves.” National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior.

Accessed August 7, 2020. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/caves/solution-
caves.htm.

“Weathering.” The Geological Society. Accessed August 7, 2020.

https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ks3/gsl/education/resources/rockcycle/page3
461.html.

“Weathering.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, July 29, 2020.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering.

“What Is Soil?” All About Soil | Soils 4 Kids. Accessed August 6, 2020.
https://www.soils4kids.org/about.