T.

Christian believes in ________________________

Please write your complete name here.

Grade & Section: ____________________________

ELEMENTARY

SCIENCE 5
ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0
FOURTH QUARTER | MODULE 1 OF 1

“HOW ROCK TURN INTO SOIL”

Teacher Christian Jade G. Quijano

Subject Teacher

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 5

 INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE

Now, more than ever, the academic community faces new challenges brought about by the health
crisis. With this recognition, the Department of Education (DepEd), through its Basic Education Learning
Continuity Plan (BE-LCP) identified different learning delivery modalities to ensure learning even without face-
to-face instruction in the classroom. One such modality is the Modular Distance Learning (MDL), where self-
learning modules or SLMs are to be used as primary learning resources.

Valuing this need and to fortify opportunities, Pres. Quirino Treasured Child School, Inc. gives life to
Enhanced Learning Module (ELM) OLALA Version 2.0. This is our response to the call for quality
instructional resources in varying learning delivery modalities. It features to the non-negotiable attributes of
self-learning modules, namely interactive, self-implementing, self-instructional, and compact. Our ELMs
OLALA Version 2.0 are also complaint to the learning timeframe recommended in the DepEd Order No. 1, s.
2021.

Moreover, the ELMs OLALA Version 2.0 are developed based on the K to 12 curriculum guides (2016).
They are also enhanced with resources in digital forms and additional contents that further engage, support,
and challenge the learners. The learning examples and opportunities within the ELMs OLALA Version 2.0
address the six facets of the Filipino whole learner: healthy, safe, engaged, supported, challenged and value-
oriented.

After completing the discussions, activities, and exercises in the ELMs OLALA Version 2.0, it is hoped
that the learners become more creative and critical thinkers, life and career-ready, healthy and holistically
developed. An integral part of our aspiration is that they become lifelong learners while the PQTCS stays true
to its mission in creating quality learning solutions.

The elements of the ELMs OLALA Version 2.0 are consistent with those stated in the DepEd Self-
Learning Modules Framework. These are as follows:

1. Overview – This section provides a glimpse or brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
2. Learning Objectives – This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module.
3. Activating Prior Knowledge – This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the
lesson to take.
4. Lesson – This includes the discussion or presentation of the concept or lesson being introduced.
5. Assessment – This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning objectives.

For the learner, the following are some reminders in using this ELM:

1. Use the module with care.

2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this ELM, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this ELM, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 5

 OVERVIEW

Are you ready? Answer or put a checkmark on the questions below and find out.

_____ Are you comfortable in your seat?

_____ Are you in a well-lit area?

_____ Are your notebook and pen beside you?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the module, I can…

1. describe how rocks turn into soil;
2. explain how the following contributes to weathering of rocks; and
3. appreciate the value of soil in our daily lives.

ACTIVATING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

Independent Activity 1. Written Works

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following activities of man contribute to the breaking down of rocks?
A. fishing B. mining C. studying D. sky diving
2. How do roots of plant break down rocks?
A. They split the rocks apart.
B. They heat the rocks.
C. They leave materials on the rocks.
D. They absorbed rock particles
3. How does temperature breakdown rocks?
A. Rocks break when it is cooled.

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 5

 B. Rocks break when it is heated.
C. Rocks break when it is heated and then cooled.
D. Rocks break when it is not exposed to water.

4. Some animals like rabbits and moles dig up soil for shelter or to find food. How does this
activity contribute to the breaking down of rocks?
A. The food that these animals bring underground causes the breaking of rocks.
B. The digging or burrowing of animals breaks the rocks into small pieces.
C. Small rocks that be exposed to sunlight.
D. Animals will enjoy staying in the dug holes and cause the rising of temperature inside.

5. Water, people, animals wear away bits of rocks. What do you call this process?
A. erosion C. mountain building
B. weathering D. fermenting

Now that you’ve answered the activity, answer the question:

J Is the activity difficult or not?

Well, how was it? Do you think you hit the right answers? If you fared well, very good! It means that you
have known much about the topic. But don’t be too confident enough, you might learn new things from
this module.
Are you ready? Let’s begin.

LESSON 1: ROCK WEATHERING

LESSON

Earth is mainly composed of rocks that differ in terms of sizes, shapes, and color.
Though rocks seem to be very hard, dense, and indestructible, they still break. The breaking of
rocks into fragments is known as weathering.
Weathering is an important process that helps shape the Earth’s surface. The breaking of rocks
results in the formation of soil and different landforms. This is also the reason why we have
amazing rock formations.

Weathering can be mechanical or physical, chemical and biological weathering. Mechanical

or physical weathering is weathering caused by the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces
by physical force without any change in the chemical nature of the rocks. Chemical weathering
involves a change in the composition of rocks that allows them to break down into pieces, while
Biological weathering is weathering caused by plants and animals. Biological weathering can be
both physical and chemical weathering.

AGENTS OF WEATHERING

The different agents of weathering include water, wind temperature, plants, animals, and
people. It causes rocks to break into pieces.

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 5

 1. Water
Water can break rocks in different ways. The strong waves hitting the rocks can make it
break. Water can seep into cracks of rocks. When it gets colder, this water can expand and
turn into ice. This can trigger rocks to break as well.

2. Wind
Wind is another agent of weathering that causes many beautiful formations like the
Mahayaw Arch in Sabtang Island, Batanes, Philippines.
As the wind blows, it carries sand or small rocks particles that scratch the rocks’ surface.
This can bring mechanical weathering which can also result to different rocks formations.
3. Animals
Animals that live underground also contributes to weathering. As burrowing animals dig
deeper, they cause rocks to break into pieces, too.
4. Temperature
When rocks are exposed to varying temperature, it expands. If the rocks are exposed to low
temperature, it contracts. The repeated expansion and contraction of rocks due to changes in
temperature results in weathering.
5. Plants
Some plants, like lichens, ferns and mosses can also trigger weathering. It can grow on rocks
and cause it break into pieces. Eventually, metabolic or life process of these plants will cause
the gradual breakage of rocks. When they die and decay, they give off acid which slowly breaks
them down.
Trees can also trigger weathering. Its growing roots can break the cemented ground in
search for more minerals in the soil.
6. Humans
Humans also contribute to the weathering of rocks.
Subdivision developers use bulldozer to flatten mountains or hills to build houses. Some
construction workers use jack hammer to break boulders of rocks as they repair roads.
Mining companies extract stones or rocks from a quarry or open pit mine. Some miners throw
dynamites and other explosive on quarry sites to get more rocks. This mining activity can
trigger landslides.
ASSESSMENT

Now, let’s evaluate how well you have understood the lesson. Be sure to carefully read and
follow the directions. Are you ready?

Independent Activity 2. Written Work.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in a space provided before the number.
______ 1. It is the breaking down of rocks into fragments.
A. Erosion B. Flooding C. Run off D. Weathering
______ 2. A type of weathering that involves change in the composition of rocks.
A. chemical C. both chemical and mechanical
B. mechanical D. none of the above

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 5

 ______ 3. What do you call the process by which humans extract stones from the mountains
for construction purpose?
A. digging B. flattering C. weathering D. quarrying

______ 4. What happen to rock when it is exposed to higher temperature?

A. contracts B. evaporates C. expands D. sinks
______ 5. An open-pit mine where rocks can be extracted.
A. landfill B. open-field C. reservoir D. quarry

Independent Activity 3. Performance Task.

Directions: Explain how the following contributes to weathering of rocks. Complete the diagram
below by filling out missing information in the circle. Write your answers on a short bond paper.

Rubrics:
Element Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning
5 4 2 0
Claim The claim The claim The claim in No claim is
demonstrates demonstrates accurate/ or provided
a deep an implausible.
understanding understanding
of the science of the science
topic. topic.
Evidence All evidence Most evidence Some No evidence is
used to used to support evidence used provided
support the the claim is to support
claim is accurate, the claim is
accurate, sufficient, and accurate,
sufficient, and appropriate. sufficient,
appropriate. and
appropriate.

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 5

 Reasoning Thoroughly Somewhat Reasoning is No reasoning
relates relates illogical is given
evidence to a evidence to a incomplete, or
scientific scientific inaccurate.
principle in principle in
order to order to
support the support the
claim; claim;
reasoning is reasoning is
logical, logical,
complete, and complete, and
accurate. accurate.
Writing *Writing uses *Writing uses *Writing uses *Writing does
Quality and clear, concise, clear, concise, clear, and not use clear
Clarity and expressive and understandabl and
language. understandable e language. understandabl
* Writing language. * Writing e language.
accurate * Writing uses * Writing uses
includes accurate conventional conventional
scientific includes terminology terminology
terms and scientific and and vocabulary
vocabulary. terms and vocabulary.
vocabulary.

-END OF MODULE-

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 5