Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

EARTH AND
LIFE SCIENCE
Precious Igneous Rocks!

Quarter 1 Week 4 Module 9

Learning Competency: Compare and contrast the

formation of the different types of igneous rocks
(S11/12ES -Ic-18).

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you
while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy
the objectives of this kit. Keep on learning!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key
card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

9 Earth Materials and Processes:

Exogenic and Endogenic Processes

EXPECTATIONS
You will have to state that igneous rocks are divided into two types
namely intrusive igneous and extrusive igneous rocks.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

• compare and contrast the formation of the two types of igneous
rocks based on geological setting or origin, texture and rate of
cooling
• identify different types of intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks

Let us start your journey in learning more about igneous rocks by answering
the Pretest. Smile and answer each item with positive thoughts!

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PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What are the three main types of rocks?
A. Igneous, Sedimentary, and Foliated
B. Foliated, Non-Foliated, and Volcanic
C. Volcanic, Metamorphic, and Rocky
D. Metamorphic, Igneous, and Sedimentary
2. Which of the following is the general term used to describe rocks made
from the cooling and solidifying of molten rock?
A. Igneous C. Sedimentary
B. Metamorphic D. Felsic
3. All rocks are made of one or more substances called:
A. crystals B. Minerals C. Magma D. Gems
4. When magma cools, what type of rock does it become?
A. Metamorphic C. Extrusive Igneous
B. Intrusive Igneous D. Foliated
5. Rock that cools on top of the Earth’s surface is what type?
A. Metamorphic C. Intrusive Igneous
B. Extrusive Igneous D. Sedimentary
Wow! You finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to check
your work. Heads-up! Keep on learning and always aim for high score in the test!

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Try to go back in time when your previous teacher in science called you in a
recitation and asked the difference between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
rocks. Did you find it difficult to distinguish one type of rock from the other? Do you
still remember how scientists identify and classify the many rocks that we have
around? Yeah, rocks are found everywhere! In this lesson, the students will study
how igneous rocks are formed and what are its major classification. But before you
proceed to the lesson and activity proper, let’s try an exciting warm-up. Later, if your
answers are all correct you will earn special points for your superb performance.
Word Scramble Puzzle: You must unscramble five (5) ideas or concepts related to
the next lesson. Rearrange the letters in the boxes below
for each number in order to make a correct concept.
1. A solid material, made of one substance, mostly crystals and occurs naturally
on earth.
L M I R E N A
2. It is molten (melted) rock under the surface of the Earth. It is produced in the
upper reaches of the mantle or in the lowest areas of the crust usually at a depth
of 50 to 200 kilometers.
G M A A M

3. It is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller pieces by
water, wind, and ice.
G E T R W A H N I E
4. A rock that solidifies from magma or lava.
S U O E N I G
5. It is process when a molten liquid becomes a solid.
I T C A N O I I S L F I D O

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
A. Igneous Rocks: How do igneous rocks form?
Igneous rock from the Latin name “ignis” meaning fire or magmatic rock, is
formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. The formation of
magma is a consequent process from partial melts of existing rocks in either
earth’s mantle or crust. Natural melting is caused by one or more of three
processes such as an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, and or a
change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as
intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Scientists used this
classification in order to determine the origin of the rock. Igneous rock may form
with crystallization to produce granular, crystalline rocks, or without
crystallization to form natural glasses. Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of
geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces,
extended crust, and oceanic crust. Thus, igneous rocks can be intrusive or
extrusive based on geological settings.

B. Which igneous rock is coarse-textured? fine-textured?

Intrusive igneous rocks also known as plutonic or abyssal make up the majority
of igneous rocks. This type of igneous rocks originates from magma that cools and
solidifies within the crust surrounded by pre-existing rock. The magma cools slowly
inside the volcano, thus making the rocks coarse-grained or coarse textured.
Accordingly, the central cores of major mountain ranges consist of intrusive igneous
rocks, usually made of granite. When exposed by erosion, these cores (called batholiths)
may occupy huge areas of the earth's surface. On the other hand, there are intrusive
igneous rocks, called volcanic or hypabyssal rocks that form near the surface and they
are usually medium-grained or medium textured rocks. They can generally be identified
with the naked eye. It can also be classified according to the shape and size of the
intrusive body and its relation to the other formations into which it intrudes such as
batholiths, stocks, laccoliths, sills, and dikes. Can you give other examples of intrusive
igneous rocks?
Extrusive igneous rocks or volcanic rocks, are formed at the crust's surface, a
consequent process of the partial melting of rocks within the mantle and crust. They
cool and solidify more quickly than intrusive igneous rocks. They are formed by the
cooling of molten magma on the earth's surface. The magma, which is brought to the
surface through fissures or volcanic eruptions, solidifies at a faster rate. Hence such
rocks are smooth, crystalline and fine-grained. Basalt is a common extrusive igneous
rock and forms lava flows, lava sheets and lava plateaus. Some kinds of basalt solidify
to form long polygonal columns. The molten rock, with or without suspended crystals
and gas bubbles, is called magma. It rises because it is less dense than the rock from
which it was created. When magma reaches the surface from beneath water or air, it is
called lava. The volume of extrusive rock erupted annually by volcanos vary with plate
tectonic setting. Extrusive rock is produced in the following proportions: divergent
boundary: 73%, convergent boundary (subduction zone):15%, and hotspot: 12%. What
are the other examples of extrusive igneous rocks?

Note: You can perform the following activities through collaborating with a partner. You
can first answer the activities individually then just communicate your results after.

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ACTIVITIES
The following activities will help you become familiar with igneous rocks. You
should be able to classify igneous rocks according to their origin, texture, and rate
of cooling. You will also have to compare and contrast between intrusive igneous and
extrusive igneous rocks and describe how these igneous rocks are formed.

Activity 1.1: Classify Me…I’m a Precious Igneous Rock!

Rate of
Igneous Rock Image Origin Texture
Cooling
1. Granite
2. Diorite
3. Pumice
4. Scoria
5. Obsidian
6. Basalt
7. Rhyolite
8. Gabbro
9. Andesite
10. Dacite
Procedure:
A. Using actual rock samples with proper labels or online virtual rock kit or
general rock identification book, classify the above-mentioned igneous rocks
according to origin (volcanic or plutonic), texture (coarse-grained or fine-
grained) and rate of cooling (slow, rapid or very rapid).
B. Go over the brief introduction of this module to be able to understand and
answer the table above. You may need to seek for other references.
C. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the three ways scientists used to classify igneous rocks?
____________________________________________________________________
2. Describe how cooling rate affects the size of mineral grains in an
igneous rock. _______________________________________________________
3. Compare and contrast volcanic igneous rocks with plutonic igneous
rocks. ______________________________________________________________

Activity 1.2: Intrusive Rock versus Extrusive Rock!!

1. Compare and contrast the two types of igneous rocks through accomplishing the
table below:
TYPE OF IGNEOUS ROCK ? ?
Image (1)

Example
Characteristics
How is it formed?
Image (2)

Example
Characteristics
How is it formed?

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2. Answer the following questions in order to compare and contrast types of igneous
rocks and how they are formed.
a. What are intrusive igneous rocks? Extrusive igneous rocks? Give common
examples for both types. __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. What are the characteristics of intrusive igneous rocks? extrusive igneous
rocks? ____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. How do intrusive igneous rocks form? extrusive igneous rocks? ______________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 1.3: My Precious Igneous Rock Diagram

Examine the diagram below and use critical thinking in order to create concrete
concepts between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. Answer the guide questions
below:
a. What does the earth surface
indicate as to the type of igneous
rock? ____________________________
__________________________________
b. What is the primary characteristic
of the sample rocks found in the
earth’s surface? __________________
__________________________________

c. What are the sample rocks? ________________________________________________

d. What does the depth part indicate as to the type of igneous rock? _____________
e. What is the primary characteristic of the sample rocks found in the deep part
of the earth? ______________________________________________________________

REMEMBER
This module has a subtitle Precious Igneous Rocks. Why do you think igneous
rocks are precious? Let’s find out!
Bear in mind that igneous rocks are divided into two types based on geological
settings or location and these are:
a. Intrusive igneous rocks also known as plutonic igneous rock are found on the
deep part of the earth, forms when magma is trapped deep inside the earth, and
great globs of molten rock rise toward the surface. Some of the magma may feed
volcanoes on the earth's surface, but most remains trapped below, where it cools
very slowly over many thousands or millions of years until it solidifies. Slow
cooling enables the individual mineral grains to have a very long time to grow, so
they grow to a relatively large size. Intrusive rocks have a coarse-grained texture.
b. Extrusive igneous rocks also known as volcanic igneous rocks are produced
when magma exits and cools above (or very near) the earth's surface. These are
the rocks that form at erupting volcanoes and oozing fissures. The magma, called
lava when molten rock erupts on the surface, cools and solidifies almost instantly
when it is exposed to the relatively cool temperature of the atmosphere. Quick
cooling indicates that mineral crystals don't have much time to grow, so these
rocks have a very fine-grained or even glassy texture. Hot gas bubbles are often
trapped in the quenched lava, forming a bubbly, vesicular texture.

So, what makes igneous rocks precious? The individual mineral grains called
stones or gems found particularly in intrusive igneous rocks make them precious!
They can be used in making jewelry or fashionable accessory.

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CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Make your own graphic organizer to check how well you understand the lessons in
this module. Use the guide below. You can be more creative.

• plutonic - deep part of the earth

Intrusive • coarse-textured rocks due to
slow cooling

• volcanic - earth's surface

Extrusive • fine-textured rocks due to rapid
cooling

POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The rate of cooling of a magma or lava is reflected by the _____ of the
rock.
A. mineralogy C. texture
B. color D. density
2. Which of the following best describes a granite?
A. light-colored, fine-grained igneous rock rich in silica
B. light-colored, fine-grained igneous rock poor in silica
C. light-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock rich in silica
D. light-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock poor in silica
3. Which of the following best describes a basalt?
A. dark-colored, fine-grained igneous rock rich in silica
B. dark-colored, fine-grained igneous rock poor in silica
C. dark-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock rich in silica
D. dark-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock poor in silica
4. Which of the following is NOT an extrusive igneous rock?
A. basalt C. andesite
B. obsidian D. granite
5. Where would you expect to find the largest crystals in a lava flow?
A. near the top surface of the flow
B. in the center of the flow
C. near the bottom of the flow
D. the crystals would have the same grain size throughout the flow

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 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: ____________________________________________ Grade & Section: ____________

Precious Igneous Rocks!

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET No. 9
Directions: Write a reflective learning about what you have learned about Igneous
Rocks by answering the questions inside the box. You may express your
answers in a more critical and creative presentation of your great
learning. Have fun and enjoy!

The lesson on Igneous

•What learnings have I •What examples can I
rocks guides me to
found from this lesson? explore and think more?
ponder on...

•What learnings can I •What good character

•What is my conclusion
share with my family have I developed from
on the lesson?
and peers? this lesson?

REFERENCES
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock#:~:text=Igneous%20rock%20(deriv
ed% 20from%20the,solidification%20of%20magma%20or%20lava.
• https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/99/pdf/gip99_chapter2.pdf

• https://geology.com/rocks/igneous-rocks.html

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Winnie P. Deinla, Master II - MLQSHS
Editors: Rebecca M. Roxas-EPS
Reviewers: Arlen Gatpo-PSDS
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator

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