HOW ROCKS TURN INTO

SOIL
for Science Grade 5
Quarter 4 / Week 1

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 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit specially designed for you. As you move

on from one lesson to another, you are gradually brought to a
higher form of learning. This learning kit contains learning activities
that are easy, interesting and enjoyable. Along with these activities
are various forms of assessments before, during and after the lesson
to measure your understanding.

With the guidance of your parents/guardians, the activities in

this kit will support you in understanding the different science
concepts, skills and attitudes so you can better understand the
things that happen within and around you.

It is divided into three parts:

A. What happened - it is where the learners are going to
answer the exercises to assess their prior knowledge about
the learning competency.
B. What I need to know - it is in this part that the learners will
be able to know more about the learning competency.
C. What I have learned - it is in this part that the learners to
gauge their mastery the learning competency on
describing how rocks turn into soil.

We hope that you will enjoy this self-learning kit. You will enjoy
learning and acquiring knowledge and skills that will help you
understand and carry on with life successfully in the new normal.

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OBJECTIVES:
The learner should be able to:

K Describe how soil is formed through weathering

S Explain how rocks are broken down into soil.
A Show appreciation on the importance of soil.

LEARNING COMPTENCY:

Describe how rocks turn into soil. (S5LT-IV-2)

I.WHAT HAPPENED

Hello grade five learners!

This is Ate Khryzell. Welcome to
another exciting activities. Are
you ready to explore?
I’m sure you are! This
could be very interesting as we
talk about how rocks turn into
soil and the different factors
that act constantly on rocks to
break them and change them
to soil.
Enjoy and have fun!

Illustrated by: Joelito B. Albay

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PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:
Let’s Try This #1

DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your

answer in your notebook.
1. Which of the following activities of man contribute to the
breaking down of rocks?
A. fishing B. mining C. studying D. sky diving

2. How do roots of plant break down rocks?

A. They split the rocks apart.
B. They heat the rocks.
C. They leave materials on the rocks.
D. They absorbed rock particles

3. How does temperature breakdown rocks?

A. Rocks break when it is cooled.
B. Rocks break when it is heated.
C. Rocks break when it is heated and then cooled.
D. Rocks break when it is not exposed to water.

4. Some animals like rabbits and moles dig up soil for shelter or to
find food. How does this activity contribute to the breaking
down of rocks?
A. The food that these animals bring underground causes the
breaking of rocks.
B. The digging or burrowing of animals breaks the rocks into
small pieces.
C. Small rocks that be exposed to sunlight.
D. Animals will enjoy staying in the dug holes and cause the
rising of temperature inside.

5. Water, people, animals wear away bits of rocks. What do you

call this process?
A. erosion C. mountain building
B. weathering D. fermenting

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 Let’s Try This #2

Directions: Choose  if the picture describes weathering of rocks

and x if it does not describe weathering of rocks. Write your
answers in notebook.

1. 2. 3.
  

4.  5. 
https://www.google.com/search?q=soil+erosion+drawing+pictures&

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

How does soil form?

Let us now explore to find out

how rocks could become
soil.

Illustrated by: Joelito B. Albay

Safety Precautions in doing the activity:

1. Be sure to do the activity with the supervision of your
parent/guardian or adult.
2. Use the materials with care for the purpose of which it is
intended.
3. Carefully follow the instructions for this activity.

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Activity -Water, Rocks and Soil

In this activity, you will see how water affects breakdown

of rocks to soil.

What you need:

small and soft rocks samples
glass jar half-filled with water
piece of clean cloth
rubber band

What to do:
1. Put the small and soft rock samples that you
have prepared inside the glass jar half-filled
with water then cover it tightly.

2. Shake the glass jar for about 2 minutes.

3. Remove the cover of the glass jar. Replace

it with the piece of cloth tied at the brim of
the bottle with the use of a rubber band as
shown in the illustration.

4. Turn the glass jar upside down to empty the

water in the bottle as shown in the
illustration.

5. When the water has dripped out, remove

the piece of cloth in the glass jar and
examine the rock samples that you placed
inside. Record your observation in your
notebook.
Illustrated by: Joelito B. Albay

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Answer these:
1. What happened to the rock samples that you have
placed inside the glass jar?
2. Where did the small particles in the glass jar come
from?
3. What caused the rock to break into small pieces?
4. Are these small particles look the same with the soil?

DISCUSSION:

Rock Weathering

Earth is mainly composed of rocks that differ in terms of

sizes, shapes, and color. Though rocks seem to be very hard,
dense, and indestructible, they still break. The breaking of rocks
into fragments is known as weathering.
Weathering is an important process that helps shape the
Earth’s surface. The breaking of rocks results in the formation of
soil and different landforms. This is also the reason why we have
amazing rock formations.
Weathering can be mechanical or physical, chemical and
biological weathering. Mechanical or physical weathering is
weathering caused by the breaking down of rocks into smaller
pieces by physical force without any change in the chemical
nature of the rocks. Chemical weathering involves a change in
the composition of rocks that allows them to break down into
pieces, while Biological weathering is weathering caused by
plants and animals. Biological weathering can be both physical
and chemical weathering.

Agents of Weathering
The different agents of weathering include water, wind
temperature, plants, animals, and people. It causes rocks to
break into pieces.

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Water
Water can break rocks in different ways. The strong waves
hitting the rocks can make it break. Water can seep into cracks
of rocks. When it gets colder, this water can expand and turn
into ice. This can trigger rocks to break as well.

Wind
Wind is another agent of weathering that causes many
beautiful formations like the Mahayaw Arch in Sabtang Island,
Batanes, Philippines.
As the wind blows, it carries sand or small rocks particles
that scratch the rocks’ surface. This can bring mechanical
weathering which can also result to different rocks formations.

Wind causes rocks to form Burrowing animals such as the

different shapes like the Mahayaw rabbit contribute to weathering by
Arch in Sabtang Island, Batanes, digging deeper that cause rocks to
Philippines break into pieces.

https://www.skycabtravel.com.ph/2009/05/batanes-sabtang-island.html https://www.gettyimages.dk/detail/illustration/bunny-rabbit-digging-up-

Animals
Animals that live underground also contributes to
weathering. As burrowing animals dig deeper, they cause rocks
to break into pieces, too.

Temperature
When rocks are exposed to varying temperature, it
expands. If the rocks are exposed to low temperature, it
contracts. The repeated expansion and contraction of
rocks due to changes in temperature results in weathering.
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Plants
Some plants, like lichens, ferns and mosses can also trigger
weathering. It can grow on rocks and cause it break into
pieces. Eventually, metabolic or life process of these plants will
cause the gradual breakage of rocks. When they die and
decay, they give off acid which slowly breaks them down.
Trees can also trigger weathering. Its growing roots can
break the cemented ground in search for more minerals in the
soil.

Humans
Humans also contribute to the weathering of rocks.
Subdivision developers use bulldozer to flatten mountains
or hills to build houses. Some construction workers use jack
hammer to break boulders of rocks as they repair roads.
Mining companies extract stones or rocks from a quarry or
open pit mine. Some miners throw dynamites and other
explosive on quarry sites to get more rocks. This mining activity
can trigger landslides.

EVALUATION/POST TEST:

Let’s Do This

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your

answers in your answer sheet provided/ answer it in your
notebook.
______ 1. It is the breaking down of rocks into fragments.
A. Erosion C. Run off
B. Flooding D. Weathering

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______ 2. A type of weathering that involves change in the
composition of rocks.
A. chemical C. both chemical and mechanical
B. mechanical D. none of the above
______ 3. What do you call the process by which humans extract
stones from the mountains for construction purpose?
A. digging C. weathering
A. flattering D. quarrying

______ 4. What happen to rock when it is exposed to higher

temperature?
A. contracts C. expands
B. evaporates D. sinks

______ 5. An open-pit mine where rocks can be extracted.

A. landfill C. reservoir
B. open-field D. quarry

Let’s Test Ourselves

Directions: Identify each situation below if it shows as an example

of mechanical or chemical weathering. Write M for mechanical
weathering or C for chemical weathering in the blank. Write your
answers your notebook.

_____1. The wedging of tree roots along sidewalks, breaking apart

rocks and cement
_____2. Limestone reacting with carbonic acid
_____3. Animals burrowing and digging in rock
_____4. Repeated freezing and thaw of water that cracks the rock
_____5. Acid from plants’ roots that break up the rock

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 Let’s Do More

Directions: Explain how the following contributes to weathering of

rocks. Complete the diagram below by filling out missing
information in the circle. Write your answers in your answer sheet
provided/copy and answer it in your notebook.

Water Animals

Agent of
Weathering
Wind Humans

Rubrics in answering the diagram above

Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning

Element 5 4 2 0
Claim The claim The claim The claim in No claim is
demonstrates demonstrates accurate/ or provided
a deep an implausible.
understanding understanding
of the science of the science
topic. topic.
Evidence All evidence Most evidence Some evidence No evidence is
used to used to support used to support provided
support the the claim is the claim is
claim is accurate, accurate,
accurate, sufficient, and sufficient, and
sufficient, and appropriate. appropriate.
appropriate.

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Reasoning Thoroughly Somewhat Reasoning is No reasoning is
relates relates illogical given
evidence to a evidence to a incomplete, or
scientific scientific inaccurate.
principle in principle in
order to order to support
support the the claim;
claim; reasoning is
reasoning is logical,
logical, complete, and
complete, accurate.
and accurate.
Writing *Writing uses *Writing uses *Writing uses *Writing does
Quality clear, concise, clear, concise, clear, and not use clear
and and expressive and understandable and
Clarity language. understandable language. understandable
* Writing language. * Writing uses language.
accurate * Writing conventional * Writing uses
includes accurate terminology and conventional
scientific terms includes vocabulary. terminology and
and scientific terms vocabulary.
vocabulary. and
vocabulary.

REFERENCES

Sarte, Evelyn T. et. al. (2016). Science Beyond Borders 5. Textbook.

Quezon City: JICA Vibal Group, Inc

Tan, Conchita T. (2012). Science for Daily Use 5. Textbook.

Marikina City: JICA Enterprises.

https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/13009

https://www.skycabtravel.com.ph/2009/05/batanes-sabtang-
island.html

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https://www.gettyimages.dk/detail/illustration/bunny-rabbit-
digging-up-

https://cpb-us-
e1.wpmucdn.com/cobblearning.net/dist/0/726/files/2016/11/We
athering-Erosion-and-Deposition-worksheet-2013-1p2opv5.pdf

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

RHODORA ORIZONTE PANTALITA

Writer/

JOELITO BAUTISTA ALBAY

Illustrator/Lay-out Artist

NOELYN E. SIPANO
Layout Artist
________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
GENEROSA V. ACUZAR
ALICE A. ALATAN
GELISA F. LANGAN
MONA LISA A. ONGCO

BETA QA TEAM
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY
MERCY G. DAGOY
MARY JANE E. ELMA
MARIA ELVIE E. SIENES
JIMUEL SUN Ed. D.
CRISTITTA R. TINGUBAN Ph D.

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning
modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are
carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and
evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this
material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written
consent from the division

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SYNOPSIS
This SELF LEARNING KIT is
created for you as your teacher
and friend when learning has to be
effective and fun, even if you are
not in school. This contain about
how soil is formed through
weathering and the different
factors that affect the weathering
of rocks.
Let this SLK helps you find the
answers to the questions around
you. Let this take you a step closer
to understand the formation of soil
as a product of weathering.

AUTHOR, ILLUSTRATOR, LAY-OUT ARTIST

Rhodora Orizonte Pantalita, is 33 years old public-school

teacher for almost 11 years. She graduated at Saint
Joseph College of Canlaon with a degree of Bachelor in
Elementary Education with an area of concentration in
Elementary Mathematics. She has a Complete Academic
Requirements (CAR) at Colegio de Santa Rita de San
Carlos Inc., San Carlos City, Negros Occidental. She is a
Teacher III and a Grade 5 adviser of Masulog Elementary
School, Canlaon District 2, Canlaon City, Negros Oriental.

Joelito Bautista Albay,49 years old. He is in his 24th year as

public-school teacher. Finished his Bachelor in Elementary
Education at Negros Oriental Bais City Campus, formerly
known as Genaro Memorial College. He has a Complete
Academic Requirements (CAR) at STI/ West Negros
University, Bacolod City. He is a Teacher III and a Grade
6Science Teacher of Masulog Elementary School, Canlaon
District 2, Canlaon City, Negros Oriental. A District Step
Coordinator and a member of District Decoration
Committee.

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