VOLCANIC HAZARD

Lesson 5
 REVIEW

 Earthquake  Disaster Management

 Natural – Tectonic and Volcanic  Pre Disaster Management
 Man Made – Explosion and Collapse  Disaster Management
 Faults  Post Disaster Management
 Earthquake Hazards
 Ground Shaking
 Liquefaction
 Subsidence
 Landslide
 Tsunami
VOLCANIC HAZARDS

 Volcano  Volcanic Hazards

 Types of Volcano  Lahar
 Ashe Fall / Tephra
 Disaster Management
 Pyroclastic Flow
 Signs of Impending Volcanic Eruption
 Ballistic Projection
 Volcanic Gases
 Lava Flow
VOLCANO

 Vents in the crust from which issue

erupts of molten rocks, hot rock
fragments, and hot gases Britannica

 Volcanoes are Earth's geologic

architects. it created 80 percent of our
planet's surface. It creates a
remarkable fertile soil in which
civilizations allows to flourish National Geographic

Mayon Volcano, South Eastern Luzon

VOLCANO

Classification Based on Activity

 Active – had an activity for the past
10,000 years
 Dormant – not erupting but expected
to erupt any time
 Erupting – actively emitting materials

 Extinct – has no activity for the past

10,000 years and has no chance to Krakatoa, Indonesia
erupt again 1883 eruption. Est. 16,000 people died
VOLCANO
Cinder
Classification Based on Shape
 Cinder Cone – small, steep cone shape
made of lava fragment called cinder
 Example: Babuyan Claro
 Composite or strato – tall, cone shape
made of layers of ash, lava, and rocks
 Example: Mayon Volcano

 Shield – irregular, shield shape or

dome shaped
 Babuyan Claro
 Cinder Cone
 Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua
 Shield Volcano
 Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua
 Shield Volcano
COMPOSITE VOLCANO
BASED ON SHAPE
VOLCANO

Classification based on Eruption

 Explosive or Violent eruption – caused
by viscous thick magma trapping
pressure
 Quiet or effusive eruption – often
seen on shield type with fissures or
multiple openings. Materials are
mostly less viscous.
VOLCANO

 There are 24 active volcano in the

Philippines as of 2020 Phivolcs
 Taal
 Pinatubo
 Hibokhibok
 Bulusan
 Kanlaon
 Mayon
SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
 Increasing temperature of the ground
 Frequent Volcanic Earthquake
SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
 Withering of plants
 Animals fleeing
SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
 Continuous and increasing amount of
steam and volcanic gases
 Increase of size and height of the
crater
VOLCANIC HAZARDS

 Lahar
 Ash fall / Tephra / ballistic Projection
 Pyroclastic flow or Pyroclastic Density
currents
 Volcanic Gases
 Lava flow
 Lateral Explosion
VOLCANIC HAZARD

 Lahar - an Indonesian word the

literally means mudflow. A
destructive flow of volcanic material
and water. Triggered by rain.

San Guillermo Church, Pampanga

VOLCANIC HAZARD

 Tephra / Ashe Fall – Tephra means Ash

in Greek. A rain of ash that be
destructive on crops, roofs, damage
vehicles, and cause respiratory
difficulty

Pinatubo Ash fall, 1991

VOLCANIC HAZARD

 Pyroclastic flow - Pyro means fire and

clast means fragments. Also known as
pyroclastic density flow. A destructive
current of hot gas and volcanic
materials that can run down up to 700
km/hr. or 450mph
VOLCANIC HAZARD

 Pyroclastic flow - Pyro means fire and

clast means fragments. Also known as
pyroclastic density flow. A destructive
current of hot gas and volcanic
materials that can run down up to 700
km/hr. or 450mph
VOLCANIC HAZARD

 Lava Flow – liquefied rocks that flow

slow. 1,200 Celsius.
VOLCANIC HAZARD

Volcanic Gases
 Hydrogen Sulfide –
Colorless flammable Gas with offensive
odor, also called as sewer gas or rotten
egg smell. Can cause skin irritation and
respiratory tract irritation. Exposure to
a massive amount can knock someone
unconscious within 5 mins and prolong
exposure in an hour or less can cause
death
VOLCANIC HAZARD

Volcanic Gases
 Sulfur Dioxide –

colorless gas with pungent smell

irritating to the eyes and skin. Causes
acid rain
VOLCANIC HAZARD

Volcanic Gases
 Carbon Dioxide –

Can be lethal when expelled in a large

amount on low lying areas. It can cover
and replace normal atmosphere causes
suffocation and death
VOLCANIC HAZARD

Volcanic Gases
 Water Vapor –
it’s water what else.. Most abundant
gas that a volcano expel
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Preparations
 Know the signs of an impending
Volcanic eruptions and possible hazards
and its path (lahar and Pyroclastic flow)
 Stay away from the Permanent danger
zone
 Prepare gas mask and other medicine
 Be cautious of snakebites and other
venomous animals before and during
eruption
 know the signs of an impending
eruption
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

DURING
 Evacuate immediately
 Stay away from the danger zone and
possible paths of pyroclastic flow,
rivers and low lying area
 Close all windows and door to prevent
ash in entering the house
 Stay inside and keep updated
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

POST
 Do not let ash accumulate on roofs
and engines
 Return to your home only when
declared it is safe to go back
 Be updated
 Check for the damages caused by the
hazards
 Secure a safety permit before
occupying our houses
 STAND DOWN PROCEDURE -PHIVOLCS

In order to minimize unnecessary changes in

declaration of Alert Levels, the following
periods shall be observed:
From Level 5 to Level 4: Wait at least 24
hours after hazardous activity stops
From Level 4 to Level 3 or 2: Wait at least 2
weeks after activity drops below Level 4
From Level 3 to Level 2: Wait 2 weeks
after activity drops below Level 3
 VOLCANO ALERT LEVEL -PHIVOLCS

Alert Level make your own interpretation table..

0 - Normal
1 - Low Level Unrest
2 - Increasing Unrest
3 - Intensified Unrest
4 - Highly Hazardous Eruption Imminent
please do not copy paste from the
actual phivolcs volcanic alert advisory
generalize the alert advisory
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-
hazard/volcano-alert-level

5 - Higly Hazardous Eruption Progresses

 Alert Level Interpretation and Criteria Recommendation/Action

0 Quiet / no alert no activity increase awareness and preparation

1 unrest Prohibition to Enter PDZ

2 increasing unrest Community should be prepare and

Ready for Evacuation

Danger zone expanded

3 increase tendency towards eruption evacuation in the extended Danger
Zone

increase in swelling of the

edifice/dome
4 hazardous Eruption ash continous to expelled
increase in frequency and intensity of
earthquake

Violent explosive eruption

persistent strong earthquakes
5 hazardous Eruption ashfall progresses and spread in a wide
area
VOLCANO ALERT LEVEL -PHIVOLCS

 mapped predicted pathways of

pyroclastic and lahar
 danger zones
VOLCANO ALERT LEVEL -PHIVOLCS

 mapped predicted pathways of

pyroclastic and lahar
 danger zones