Volcanic

Hazards
Lesson 5
Learning Targets

1. I can identify the most common

volcano-related hazards in the
Philippines.
2. I can explain the differences of the
various volcano-related hazards
Name your
Volcano
Major Volcanic Eruption in
the Philippines
Negative Impacts during
Eruption
Volcanic Hazards
• Volcanic hazards are phenomena
arising from volcanic activity that pose
potential threat to persons or property
in a given area within a given period of
time.
 Volcanic Hazards
Volcanic Hazards Directly Volcanic Hazards Indirectly
Associated with Eruption Associated with Eruption

1. Lava Flows 1. Lahars

2. Ashfall or Tephra Fall 2. Debris Avalanche or
3. Pyroclastic Flow Volcanic Landslide
4. Ballistic Projectiles 3. Tsunami
5. Volcanic Gases
LAVA FLOW
ASHFALL/TEPHRA FALL
Pyroclastic Flow
Ballistic Projectiles
Volcanic Gases
Lahar
Debris Avalanche or Volcanic Landslide
Tsunami
SIGNS OF VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
WHY DO WE NEED TO KNOW
THE VOLCANIC ERUPTION
SIGNS?
Phreatic Eruption
•Volcanic eruption
without warning
Parameters for Volcanic Eruption
• Ground Deformation
• Geochemistry
• Seismic Activity
• Remote Sensing
• Sensory Observation
Ground Deformation
• Electronic Distance Meter (EDM) – mm changes on
the ground
• Swelling of the ground
• GPS
• Remote Sensing images
Geochemistry
• Temperature and chemistry (acidity) of water
• Gas monitoring equipments
Seismic activity
• Increase number of Volcanic earthquakes
• Seismometer
Sensory Signs
• Visual
• Auditory
• Olfactory
• Tactile
 VOLCANIC
HAZARD MAP
Volcano Alert Levels
• In the Philippines, we use a system of Volcano Alert
Signals to define the current status of each volcano.
The alert levels range from 0 to 5. The alert levels
are used to guide any appropriate response from
the Local Government Units (LGUs).
Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ)
• delineated and identified where no permanent
habitation is recommended due to the possible
impact of various hazards at any time.
Hazard Map
• illustrate potential for ground-based volcanic
impacts—lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ashfall,
volcanic gases, and more far-reaching hazards
(such as lahars) in valleys that drain the volcano.