March 2021

Biology

Time: 1 hour

Total: 80 marks

Name:…………………………………..

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1) All reactions that happen inside a cell are collectively called metabolism.

a) What are catabolic reactions? Describe with an example.

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(2 marks)

b) What are anabolic reactions? Describe with an example.

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(2 marks)

2) Energy produced by respiration is needed by cells for various purposes.

a) Write the equation of energy production during aerobic respiration.

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(3 marks)
b) Write the equation of anaerobic respiration that happens

i. In muscle.

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ii. During fermentation.

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(6 marks)

c) What is called as ‘the oxygen debt?’

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(2 marks)

d) Which type of respiration is more efficient, aerobic or anaerobic? Why?

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(2 marks)
3) Gas exchange in humans happens in lungs located in the thoracic cavity.

a) Label the following diagram.

(9 marks)

b) What changes happen in the lung when you breathe in?

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(4 marks)

4) The heart is an organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body.

a) What is the special kind of muscle by which the heart is made?

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(1 mark)
 b) Label the following diagram of the heart.

(8 marks)

c) How does the heart pump blood?

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(3 marks)

5) Blood is carried around the body in veins and arteries.

a) Name two structural differences between arteries and veins.

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(2 marks)
 b) Arteries carry blood with a higher pressure than veins. Why does this happen and

how is it important?

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(2 marks)

6) The heart has its own supply of blood called coronary blood vessels. Sometimes coronary

arteries become blocked and lead to diseases like heart attacks.

a) What is a thrombosis? What causes it?

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(2 marks)

b) What is a stroke? What causes it?

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(2 marks)
 c) How can you develop an ‘angina’?

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(2 marks)

d) Write three things that can lead to heart disease.

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(3 marks)

7) Blood is a mixture of substances.

a) What are the four parts that make up blood?

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(4 marks)

b) How do red blood cells carry oxygen?

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(2 marks)

c) How do phagocytes kill germs?

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(2 marks)

d) What is the name of the chemical that lymphocytes produce that help to kill germs?

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(1 mark)

e) Explain how a wound heals.

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(4 marks)

f) What are the two functions of blood?

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(2 marks)

g) How can you get ‘immune’ to a disease?

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(2 marks)

h) What is a vaccine?
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(2 marks)

8) a) How does food and oxygen reach cells?

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(1 mark)

b) What happens to the tissue fluid that drain from body cells?

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(1 mark)

c) What happens in lymph glands?

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(2 marks)

d) Name two places in the body where you can find lymph glands.

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(2 marks)