AFRICA

Unit Three
 DAY ONE
10/7/2020
CLASS DISCUSSION: How are you doing with distance learning?

In breakout rooms you will discuss the following prompts:

● How is distance learning going for you? Explain why.

○ Do you like it?
○ Do you dislike it?

● What is the biggest obstacle to overcome during distance learning?

● Are you able to manage the workload?
○ Too much work?
○ Not enough work?

Nominate a spokesperson to share some of the highlights of your conversation!

GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA

Exit Ticket:
● Analyze the Africa map
● Take the map quiz!
○ Link: Africa Map Quiz

● Share your score (%) in chat!

○ It can be a private message

*Don’t look at this map during the test!

 DAY TWO
10/8/2020
GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA

Watch the video!

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEFybyiLkD0
IMPERIALISM
Imperialism
The policy in which strong nations extend their political, economic and/or military control over weaker regions of the world.

3 Types of Imperialism
1. Colony: a territory that an imperial power rules directly through colonial officials.
2. Protectorate: has its own government, but its policies are guided by a foreign power.
3. Sphere of Influence: a region of a country in which the imperial power has exclusive investment or trading rights.

Original Imperialistic Nations - What do they all have in common?

● Great Britain (England) ● Germany
● France ● Belgium
● Spain ● Italy
● Portugal ● The Netherlands (Holland)
PARTITION OF AFRICA

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEFybyiLkD0
GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA

Exit Ticket:
● Analyze the Physical Africa map
● Take the map quiz!
○ Link: Africa Physical Map Quiz

● Share your score (%) in chat!

○ It can be a private message

*Don’t look at this map during the test!

 DAY THREE
10/9/2020
IMAGE ANALYSIS: Partition of Africa

Instructions
● Analyze the political cartoon.
● Discuss the following prompts:
○ What stands out to you in this image?
○ How is this cartoon a representation of
imperialism?

● Nominate a spokesperson to share the

highlights of your discussion with the
class!
THE SUEZ CANAL

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jl5y-1ewW8
CANVAS ASSIGNMENT:
Partition of Africa Quick Write

Respond to the prompts on Canvas:

● When you analyze this map, what stands out to you?
Explain why. (3+ sentences)

● List pros and cons of the Partition of Africa.

(3+ of each)
 DAY FOUR
10/12/2020
CANVAS ASSESSMENT: Africa Current Event
Instructions Formatting
● Choose a country in Africa to research. ● Typed (1.5 space)
● Find a current article related to your chosen country. ● Times New Roman OR Ariel (11 pt. font)
○ Must be within the last 2 years. ● Include headings for each section:
○ Can be about ANY topic. ○ ARTICLE SUMMARY
● Write a report on the article containing the following ○ PERSONAL REFLECTION
sections: ● Include a link to the article at the end of your report!
○ ARTICLE SUMMARY (8+sentences)
■ What is the article about?
○ PERSONAL REFLECTION (8+sentences)
■ Why is the topic of this article important?
■ What is your opinion on the topic covered
in the article?
 DAY FIVE
10/13/2020
THE CONGO - History
Instructions:
● Watch the video!
● At the 7 minute mark…
○ Respond to the following prompt:
■ What has stood out to you so far?
● After the video…
○ Respond to the following prompts:
■ What was something new that you
learned from this video?
■ What do you feel is the most important
lesson to be learned from this video?
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcF9fmTzqkg
 DAY SIX
10/14/2020
CANVAS ASSESSMENT: Africa Current Event

Complete your Africa Current Event!

(Be ready to share them in small groups on Monday!)

 DAY SEVEN
10/15/2020
CANVAS ASSIGNMENT - Jewish vs. African Holocaust Quick Write
INSTRUCTIONS

Respond to the following prompt on Canvas:

During the Jewish Holocaust of World War II, it has been estimated that between 6 and 10 million Jews were killed. During the African
Holocaust in the Congo, it is estimated that AT LEAST 10 million Congolese were killed under Belgian oppression. The Jewish
Holocaust has been widely publicized since the 1940’s and generations continue to be educated about the atrocities that occurred. In
contrast, the African Holocaust remains largely forgotten or is unknown to most people in Western civilization.

What do you think is the reason for this?

(5+sentences)
THE CONGO - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Quick Facts
● Belgium colonized the Congo from 1884 - 1960.
○ Began as personal property for King Leopold through a
private organization called The Congo Free State.
○ Belgium took control of the Congo in 1908 after public
outcry over the mistreatment of the Congo natives.
● After World War II, African countries began negotiating and
demanding for independence from European colonizers.
○ In the late 1950s, Congolese began founding political
parties.
○ One of these parties was the National Congolese
Movement...co-founded by Patrice Lumumba.
THE CONGO - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Patrice Lumumba
● Had been a postal clerk and beer salesman.
○ Was active in his trade union and took an interest in politics.
● Co-founded the MNC to push for Congolese independence.
○ Was the only political party in the Congo that was not based on
religious or ethnic identities.
● In 1959, protests for independence started in the Congo.
○ Lumumba helped organize and participated in the protests.
○ During one protest, he was arrested and sentenced to jail for 6
months.
THE CONGO - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Protests for Independence
As protests grew and some turned violent, the Belgian government realized they needed to put together a plan for independence. In
January 1960, the Belgian government hosted a “round table” of Congolese leaders to discuss independence for the Congo. Lumumba
was freed from jail in order to travel to Brussels for the meeting, which he
attended as the representative of the MNC. At the round table, the leaders
agreed that June 30, 1960, would be the day that Congo gained its
independence.
Before independence in June, elections were held to determine who would
lead the Congo. Lumumba’s political party, the MNC, won the highest number
of votes in the election, and he was named prime minister. Alliance des
Bakongo, one of the regional/ethnic parties, earned the second most votes,
and its leader, Joseph Kasavubu, was named president.
THE CONGO - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Independent Congolese Government

Patrice Lumumba - Head of MNC Joseph Kasavubu - Head of Bakongo Abako Moise Tshombe - Head of Conakat
Prime Minister President Leader of State of Katanga
THE CONGO - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Early Troubles in Independent Congo
● Military Mutiny
○ The army mutinied because of continued
mistreatment by Belgian officers, who stayed in the
Congo as part of the transition to independence.
● Katanga Attempts to Secede
○ Katanga is a very large, resource-rich portion of the
Congo.
○ Political leader, Moise Tshombe, hadn’t been made
part of the Congo’s government.
○ Losing Katanga would be a huge loss to Congo’s
economy.
THE CONGO - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Removed From Power & Assassinated
● Removed from Power
○ Colonel Joseph Mobutu (who later became president) staged a military
coup on September 14th. Lumumba was put under house arrest by the
military.
■ Belgium, Britain, and U.S. were all plotting Lumumba’s
assassination around this time.
● Assassinated in Katanga
○ Lumumba realized how much danger he was in and tried to escape with
his family but the army eventually found Lumumba.
○ He was arrested, beaten, and put on a plane to Katanga province. He was
jailed in Katanga for a few days and then taken into the forest and killed
by a firing squad of Katangese police or military forces.
 DAY EIGHT
10/16/2020
THE CONGO - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba

Essential Question
Why was Patrice Lumumba assassinated?

Video Instructions
Watch the video!
...be ready to analyze the essential question.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43xTvpxWLW4
CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis
Document A - World History Textbook
Like the Portuguese, the Belgians had never really considered preparing Africans in the huge Congo for self-government, much less for independence. As
a Congolese nationalist movement emerged after World War II, however, the Belgian government agreed that it should prepare the colony for
self-government. Believing that the Congolese had not developed the institutions or acquired the experience needed to manage a modern state, Belgians
supported a 30-year timetable to prepare them for independence. Distrusting the Belgians, African nationalists demanded immediate self-government.
Consequently, in 1960 Belgium suddenly announced that it would withdraw completely within a year.
With little preparation, many political parties representing different ethnic groups, geographical regions and political beliefs participated in the first
elections ever held in the new Democratic Republic of the Congo. Former postal clerk Patrice Lumumba became prime minister, while his rival and
political enemy Joseph Kasavubu became president. Lumumba remained opposed to European influence. Angered by his stance, Belgian technicians and
experts left the Congo in droves. This proved to be a major blow to the new country’s economy.
Soon, the army mutinied and the copper-rich province of Katanga seceded. The country was plunged into a crisis. An assassin killed Lumumba in 1961,
and Kasavubu assumed full power. The chaos and violence continued.

Source: World History: Continuity and Change. Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1999, pp. 776-777.
CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis - Small Group Discussions
Document A - World History Textbook

● In small groups, discuss the following prompts:

○ How does the textbook portray Lumumba and his leadership in the Congo?
○ Who (according to this document) assassinated Lumumba? Why was he assassinated?
○ Do you think this source is trustworthy? Explain your reasoning.

Nominate a spokesperson to share the highlights of your discussion with the class!
CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis
Document B - Lumumba’s Independence Day Speech
The Congo celebrated its independence from Belgium on June 30, 1960, with a ceremony including speeches by the King of Belgium and the new president of the Congo, Joseph
Kasavubu. Lumumba was not scheduled to speak at the ceremony, but he took the podium after listening to Kasavubu and gave the following speech.
Although this independence of the Congo is being proclaimed today by agreement with Belgium, an amicable country, with which we are on equal terms,
no Congolese will ever forget that independence was won in struggle, a persevering and inspired struggle carried on from day to day. We are deeply
proud of our struggle, because it was just and noble and indispensable in putting an end to the humiliating bondage forced upon us.
We have experienced forced labor in exchange for pay that did not allow us to satisfy our hunger, to clothe ourselves, to have decent lodgings or to bring
up our children as dearly loved ones. Morning, noon and night we were subjected to jeers, insults and blows because we were "Negroes." . . . We have not
forgotten that the law was never the same for the white and the black, that it was lenient to the ones, and cruel and inhuman to the others. We have not
forgotten that in the cities the mansions were for the whites and the tumbledown huts for the blacks. . . .
All that, my brothers, brought us untold suffering. But . . . we tell you that henceforth all that is finished with. The Republic of the Congo has been
proclaimed and our beloved country's future is now in the hands of its own people.

Source: Lumumba’s Independence Day Speech, June 30, 1960.

CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis - Guiding Questions
Document B - Lumumba’s Independence Day Speech

● Create a Google Doc

● Respond to the following questions:
Sourcing
1. Who gave this speech?
2. When was this speech given?
Close Reading (2+ sentences each)
1. How does Lumumba describe Belgian colonialism in his speech?
2. How do you think this made Beligian listeners in the audience feel?
3. How do you think it made Congolese listeners feel?
CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis
Document C - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Daily Brief
The American Central Intelligence Agency issued the following statement on June 27, 1960, as part of a daily briefing about countries in “the Communist Bloc.” The document was
classified as Top Secret.
Lumumba Moves to Consolidate Power in the Congo: The government formed by Congo Premier-designate Patrice Lumumba is “weak” and has a “strong
leftist tinge” according to the consulate general in Leopoldville. Members of opposition parties named to the cabinet are described as little known and
likely to be dominated by Lumumba. Lumumba allocated to himself the key post of defense minister, which carries with it control over the Congo’s
24,000-man security force, whose Belgian officers are expected to remain after the Congo’s independence on 30 June.
Among ten secretaries of state, however, five—including secretary for economic coordination and planning—are Communist inclined. AntiLumumba
leaders continue to emphasize Lumumba’s Communist contacts, and in conversation with US officials have deplored the failure of the United States to
check “Communist forces” in the Congo. Available evidence suggests that Lumumba is a leftist-oriented “neutralist” who has accepted financial aid from
Communist sources.

Source: CIA Daily Brief. June 27, 1960.

CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis - Guiding Questions
Document C - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Daily Brief

● Add to your Google Doc

● Respond to the following questions:
Sourcing
1. When did the CIA write this brief?
2. What was going on in the U.S. at this time?
Close Reading (3+ sentences)
1. How does this document describe Lumumba?
CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis
Document D - The New York Times
On July 11, 1960, the state of Katanga declared its independence from the newly independent Congo. Katanga is rich in copper, gold, and uranium and had Belgium’s support.
Lumumba knew that losing Katanga would be a huge blow to the Congo, and he asked the U.N. to intervene. The U.N. told Belgium to remove its army from Katanga and sent U.N.
troops to the Congo, but it didn’t let the troops help Lumumba attack Katangese and Belgian forces. This article appeared in the New York Times on August 6, 1960.
Premier Patrice Lumumba of the Congo telegraphed Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld today. . . . Mr. Lumumba accused the Belgian government of
“provoking” the secession of Katanga and maintaining troops there “to consolidate” this action. He said the moves of the dissident premier of Katanga,
Moise Tshombe, were “dictated” by his Belgian military advisers.
After disclosing the text of the telegram to Mr. Hammarskjöld, Mr. Lumumba added that he firmly approved of his Government’s decision to force the
Belgian Ambassador to leave the Congo by Monday. He said his Government had taken the decision to break off all relations with Belgium on July 14. He
said the decision . . . was taken after Belgium’s “flagrant violation of the friendship treaty by instigation of the secession of Katanga.”

Source: Thomas F. Brady. “Congolese Premier Threatens to ‘Revise Position’ Unless U.N. Sends Troops Now.” The New York Times, August 6, 1960.
CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis - Guiding Questions
Document D - The New York Times

● Add to your Google Doc

● Respond to the following questions:
Sourcing
1. Who wrote this article?
2. Do you think this is a trustworthy source? Explain why.
Close Reading & Contextualization (3+ sentences each)
1. According to this article, what claims did Lumumba make about Beligian involvement in Katanga’s attempt to secede from the Congo?
2. Why might Belgium support Katanga’s desire to secede from the Congo?
CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis
Document E - Belgian Commission Report
A committee to investigate the possible involvement of Belgium in the assassination of Lumumba was formed in 1999. The committee produced a 20-page report in 2001 and
concluded that Belgium was “morally responsible for the circumstances leading to the death of Lumumba.”
The different speeches of 30 June 1960 confirmed the mutual distrust between Lumumba and the Belgian government, which undoubtedly influenced
their reactions to the subsequent events. From the beginning of the crisis, it was clear that it led to a fundamental split between Lumumba and the
Belgian government and that gradually, not only the Belgian government, but also many other governments and many layers of Belgian and Congolese
society were campaigning . . . to bring about Lumumba’s downfall politically.
As indicated, the Belgian government found itself pressured by public opinion which was very harshly opposed to the events in the Congo after
independence. . . . It was hard for the government to justify a laissez-faire attitude regarding the tens of thousands of Europeans in the Congo and it was
also worried about the financial and economic losses the Congo crisis could cause. The stakes were high for the Belgian financial groups in the Congo.
Repeatedly, this was brought to the attention of the government.

Source: “The Conclusions of the Enquiry Committee,” 2001.

CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis - Guiding Questions
Document E - Belgian Commission Report

● Add to your Google Doc

● Respond to the following questions:
Sourcing
1. Who wrote this document?
2. When and why was it written?
Close Reading (3+ sentences each)
1. What (according to this document) was the Belgian government most interested in protecting in the Congo?
2. Do you think this is a trustworthy source? Explain your reasoning.
CANVAS ASSESSMENT - Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Document Analysis - Graphic Organizer (Add to your Google Docs)
What reasons does this document suggest What about this document makes it strong What about this document makes it
Document
for why Lumumba was assassinated? evidence? weak evidence?

Document B

Document C

Document D

Document E

Final Claim - Why was Patrice Lumumba assassinated? - 5+ sentences (use the arguments and evidence from Documents A - E)
 DAY NINE
10/19/2020
CANVAS ASSESSMENT: Africa Current Event

Breakout Rooms:
Share your Current Event!
(Turn in to Canvas when you’re done)