1. Introduction.

Transport is critical because it connects people to commodities, services, and opportunities

for social and economic improvement, as well as stimulating development. It Connectivity
between and within nations has improved. Transport can also help to transcend economic
divides. Boosting interregional trade development. Air, land (train and road), water, cable,
pipeline, and space are all modes of transportation. The fixed infrastructure of transportation
is made up of roads, bridges, and tunnels. Roads, trains, airways, rivers, and canals are
examples of infrastructure. pipelines, and terminals such as airports, train stations, and bus
stations, trucking terminals, and refueling stations are all examples of facilities. Seaports
(including fueling docks and gasoline stations). (E. di Camillo, Centro Studi Subalpino –
March 2013).
 The background history of Transportation.
According to Getty Trust Publications, 2004. The awareness of transportation and travel, as well as how it
evolved into what we know today. It spans 4000 BC to the current day. some of the most major events in the
history of transportation, from learning to utilize animals for transportation to the development of the wheel,
to the first roads, trains, and aero planes. Bicycles, trains, automobiles, trucks, aircraft, and trams were
among the numerous new forms of transportation created in the 17th and 18th centuries. The first internal
combustion engine automobile was created in 1906. The internal combustion engine was used in a variety of
transportation systems, including boats, trains, aircraft, and cars. General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford were
the top three automotive manufacturers in the United States in the 1920s. Automobiles in various styles,
such as two doors, small, huge, sports vehicles, and luxury cars, were also made. Improved standardization,
computer-aided systems, and platform sharing are now included in the most recent automobile models. ( E.
di Camillo, Centro Studi Subalpino – March 2013).

1.1. Modes of transportations

- Land
- Air
- Water

 Land.
- The history of train.

Trains are a group of linked vehicles that travel on railways. Steam, electricity, or diesel are used to power
them. Coal, wood, or oil are the most common fuels for steam engines.
James Watt, a Scottish inventor, invented the first steam-powered engine
used in trains. Rail transportation was initially utilized to transport coal
from mines to waterways. In 1820, England built the modern rail system,
which eventually led to the development of steam locomotives. The
Stockton and Darlington Railways began in 1825, while London's first
subterranean train was established in 1863. Electric trains and trams were
invented in 1880. Most steam locomotives have been replaced by diesel
locomotives nowadays. The world's quickest high-speed rail train.
(Nguyen, Tuan C.Feb.12,2021). Fig.1 (Hulton Archive ,1863).
 - The history of Automobiles.

Jean Lenoir of France was the first to patent automobiles using internal combustion engines in 1860.
Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz created the first gasoline-powered
vehicle in 1885. In the 1890s, Germany and France pioneered the
development of modern vehicles. William Morrison created electric
powered autos in the United States in 1891, which were a step up from
steam engines. Charles and J. Frank Duryea of Springfield,
Massachusetts, in the United States, built the first vehicle for sale in 1893.
It paved the way for the creation of gasoline and gasoline-powered
vehicles. In 1903, Henry Ford created the Model T Ford, which was a
huge hit. The product is mass-produced. (Nguyen, Tuan C. Feb. 12,
Fig.2 (MATTHEW, 1903).
2021).

 AIR.
- The History of Airplanes.

In 1902, the Wright Brothers became the first to construct a powered and
sustained aero plane. Enrico Forlanini had previously created an unmanned
helicopter driven by a steam engine in 1877. Later, bomber planes like the
Lancaster and B-29 were developed, and British pilot De Havilland Comet
flew the first commercial jet airline. Commercial aircraft may now fly at
speeds of up to 960 km/hr. allowing them to transport people for less
money and in less time. Unmanned remote controlled aircraft, such as the
Global Hawk, are currently being employed in military missions. (Nguyen,
Tuan C. Feb. 12, 2021).
Fig.3 (A&E Television, 1902)

 WATER.
- The History of Boats.
In order to cross water, the first means of transportation was invented: boats. The earliest humans to cross
the sea were thought to be those who colonized Australia some 60,000–40,000 years ago, while there is
evidence that nautical expeditions were made as far back as 900,000 years ago. Simple log boats, sometimes
known as dugouts, were the first known boats, and they were created by hollowing out a tree stump.
Artifacts dating from roughly 10,000–7,000 years ago provide evidence for these floating vehicles. The
Pesse canoe, a log boat, is the oldest boat ever discovered, dating back to 7600 BCE. Rafts have been around
almost as long, with relics dating back to the 1500s. (Ghazy.A. May. 15, 2018).

- The History of river buses.

Rivers have been utilized for movement and trade since antiquity.
International, interregional, and local fluvial pathways can all be classed. The
primary characteristic of river navigation is the transportation of enormous
amounts of goods. Steam engines played a significant part in the development
of river transportation in the early nineteenth century. A basic river barge
sailing through the smaller channels can transport between 250 and 300 tons
of freight, which is roughly the equivalent of 10 to 12 trucks or 5 to 6 railway
carriages. River transportation is the least polluting method of transportation,
emitting the least CO2 of all modes of transportation. It has a low risk of
accidents and is environmentally friendly. (Ghazy.A. May. 15, 2018).
Fig.4 (Ian Gratton, 1 December 2012).
. Timeline of transportation throughout history.

Fig.5 (NAUSHEEN CHHIPA, 2 0 1 8).

References.
- https://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.php?aid=427&cid=45&ctid=

- https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/wright-brothers

- https://www.centrostudisubalpino.it/lang1/files/Brief-hystory-of-transport

- https://www.lifepersona.com/river-transport-history-characteristics-advantages-and-
disadvantages