Name: Aliah Marie M.

Mayor Date: 11/19/2021

Grade and Section: ABM2-11 St. Barbara

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Q2 CONSALIDATED TEST no. 1

INSTRUCTION: Explain and justify the classic experiments that model conditions which may have enabled
the first forms of life to evolve by completing the table below.
Classic Experiment Details of the Experiment What did they find out?

Francesco Redi Fracncesco Redi refutes the In conclusion, Redi found that the
abiogenesis theory by experimenting experimental results supported his
using a container or flask, meat, and hypothesis. Therefore, he successfully
flies. In his experiment, he tries to concluded that the maggots are
explain what he observed. When Redi produced by the flies. He was able to
found that some flies moved around refute the theory that maggots could be
the meat and some maggots appeared spontaneously generated from meat by
on the meat, he proposed a hypothesis using a controlled experiment. He also
that the flies produced maggots. He concluded that in his investigation and
predicted that maggots would not experiment, "all life comes from life"
appear if he kept the meat away from and spontaneous generation is not
the flies, so Redi tested the hypothesis happening.
by doing an experiment. He prepared
three jars and put a piece of fresh meat
in each of them. One of the jars is not
covered, the other jar is covered, and
in the last container, he then put a
piece of cloth with rubber bands that
supports the cover of the flask. After a
few days, maggots appeared in the
uncovered jar, no maggots were found
in the covered jar, and some flies
started to gather at the top of the cloth
where the maggots were produced.

John Needham John Needham comprehended the
conclusion of Redi’s experiment and
disapproved of the results. Needham
looks for the flaw in Redi’s
experiment reasoning and, by
experimenting, he found that his own
investigation becomes significant by
using a round-bottomed flask bottle.
He set up the glass and put the broth
inside, then applied heat to it for 10
minutes. His philosophy is that the
heat he applied to the bottle should be
enough to kill all the bacteria and then
seal off the air from the outside. After
letting the bottle sit for several days,
he said that there was a presence of
life moving inside the broth, and that
there were microorganisms after
boiling and waiting for days.
Lazzaro Lazzaro Spallanzani is an Italian
scientist that looked into the depth of
Spallanzani Redi and Needham’s experiment setup
and came up with the conclusion that
Needham’s heating bottle experiment
did not kill all the living organisms
inside of the bottle. He challenged
Needham’s experiment and found the
flaw in his design by revising it using
the broth and a flask. Spallanzani sets
up the four flasks. In the first flask, he
puts a broth and boils it for ten
minutes. A couple of days later, he
breaks off the top of the flask and
Needham propose that based on his
experiment, living organisms came
from the broth after heated up and there
is no way that there have been living
things in the bottle before. John
Needham believes that spontaneous
generation does happen whereby living
organisms develop from non-living
matter at the microscopic level.
He then concluded that life occurred
from something that entered the
unsealed flask and that is possible for
the life to grow. He responds and
argued that 10 minutes didn’t kill all
the bacteria and for the one hour boil,
may have killed all the original bacteria
but eventually he said found out that a
bacteria could get in from the outside
through the seal and it could not if the
glass was shut. In which by boiling for
too long the bacteria could be killed.
Therefore he concluded spontaneous
generation as a feasible theory.
 checks that he has found bacteria. For
the second bottle, he boiled it for an
hour and left it for a couple of days.
He broke the seal and then he found
out that there was no bacteria that was
present. Needham's experiment and
his experiment are represented by the
third, where he boiled for 10 minutes,
and the fourth, where he boiled for an
hour.So he tried to replicate
somebody’s findings.
Louis Pasteur In Pasteurs experiment he conducted Louis Pasteur concluded that the
that abiogenesis could not occur. He contamination came from the life-
then accepted the challenge to revise forms in the air. His experiment
the experiment of Spallanzani by demonstrates and persuades the other
setting up two experimental flask scientist that abiogenesis cannot
bottle that with long neck and sugar occur.He refuted that without the
solution. He boiled the broth up to kill introduction of dust on which
all existing microorganism and after microorganisms can travel, no life
the solution has been sterilized. would have arisen. He argued that his
Pasteur broke off the long neck of the experiment supported the theory of
flask exposing within them to air from biogenesis and disproved spontaneous
above, while the remaining flask were generation.
left intact. Over the time dust particles
from the air fell into the broken glass
but the other flask does not show a
presence of living organism, it is only
in the tip of the neck. So the first glass
became cloudy and filled with
microorganism. However the second
glass remained clear.

RUBRICS: HOLISTIC RUBRIC

SCORE DESCRIPTION
Excellent Shows a sophisticated understanding of the historical development of the concept of life and the
20 origin of the first life forms. The concepts, justification, evidence made and/or reasoning
methods used are advanced, going well beyond the grasp of the subject typically found at this
grade level.
Satisfactory Shows solid understanding of the historical development of the concept of life and the origin of
19-18 the first life forms. The concepts, justification, evidence made and/or reasoning methods used
are appropriate. There are no misunderstanding of key ideas or overly simplistic approaches.
Fair Shows somewhat a limited understandingof the historical development of the concept of life and
17-16 the origin of the first life forms.The concepts, justification, evidence made and/or reasoning
methods used are somewhat simple/crude/inadequate. Response may reveal some
misunderstanding of key ideas or reasoning methods.
Poor Shows little apparent understanding of the historical development of the concept of life and the
15-below origin of the first life forms. The concepts, justification, evidence made and/or reasoning
methods used are inadequate. Response reveals major misunderstanding of key ideas or
reasoning methods.