WATER SECTOR REFORM PROJECT

‫ﭘﺮوژﻩ اﺻﻼح ﺳﮑﺘﻮر ﺁب‬

Key Issues of Monitoring and Evaluation

in the Water Sector
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﮐﻠﻴﺪی ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ در ﺳﮑﺘﻮر ﺁب‬

Dipl.-Ing. Werner Klinger

‫دﻳﭙﻠﻮم اﻧﺠﻴﻨﺮ ورﻧﺮ ﮐﻠﻴﻨﮕﺮ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻳﺰﻧﺘﻴﺸﻦ در ﮐﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ و ورﮐﺸﺎپ ﺁب ﮐﺎﺑﻞ‬

2005 ‫ اﮔﺴﺖ‬3
Presentation at the Kabul Water Conference & Workshop
3rd August 2005
1
 Overview of the Presentation
‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﭘﺮﻳﺰﻧﺘﻴﺸﻦ‬
! Definition Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
! Methods of M&E
‫روش هﺎی ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
! Justification for M&E
‫دﻻﻳﻞ ﺑﺮای ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
! Current needs and challenges in the Water Sector
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎی ﻓﻌﻠﯽ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت در ﺳﮑﺘﻮر ﺁب‬
! Recommendations
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات‬

2
 Definition of Monitoring and Evaluation
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬

Definition of Monitoring
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻈﺎرت‬
Monitoring is the regular observation and recording of
activities taking place in a project or programme. It is a
process of routinely gathering information on all
aspects of a project.

‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻣﺸﺎهﺪات ﻣﻨﻈﻢ و ﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ هﺎی ﮐﻪ در ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮوژﻩ ﻳﺎ‬

‫ اﻳﻦ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮوﺳﻪ ای ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در‬.‫ﭘﺮوﮔﺮام ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮد ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺁن ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮوژﻩ ﺟﻤﻊ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
3
‫ﺁوری‬
 Definition of Monitoring and Evaluation
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬

Characteristics of Projects ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﺮوژﻩ هﺎ‬

‫• ﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺨﻮاهﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ را ﺗﻐﻴـﺮ دهﻴﻢ‬
• We want to change a situation
‫• ﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺨﻮاهﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد دهﻴﻢ‬
• We want to improve a situation

Project
‫ﭘـــﺮوژﻩ‬
Change
Situation in Situation in
2005
‫ﺗﻐـﻴـــــﺮ‬
2010
2005 ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ در‬ Improvement 2010 ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ در‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬
Examples:‫ﻣﺜﺎل هﺎ‬
‫• ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻳﮏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎری‬
• Improvement of an Irrigation System
‫• ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻳﮏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺎرواﻟﯽ‬
• Improvement of a municipal
4
Water Supply System
 Definition of Monitoring and Evaluation
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
How do we plan projects? The example of Logical Framework
‫ﻣﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺮوژﻩ هﺎ را ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰی ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ؟ ﻣﺜﺎل ﺟﺪول ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ‬
INDICATORS
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ هﺎ‬
What are the quantitative ways of
GOAL measuring, or qualitative ways of
judging, whether these broad objectives
‫اهﺪاف ﮐﻠﯽ‬ are being achieved? (estimated time)
What are the quantitative measures or
PURPOSE qualitative evidence by which
achievement and distribution of impacts
‫ﻣﻘﺼﺪ‬ and benefits can be judged (estimated
time)
RESULTS What kind and quantity of outputs, and
by when will they be produced?
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ (quantity, quality, time)
We recommend that VI’s are included
ACTIVITIES against all activities. This is essential for
projects reporting and monitoring against
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ هﺎ‬ the Logical Framework.
INPUT What the resources for the
implementation of the project?
‫ورودی‬
5
SOURCES ASSUMPTIONS
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮوﺿﺎت‬
What sources of information exists, or
(Goal to Super-goal):
What external factors are necessary for
can be provided cost-effectively?
sustaining objectives in the long run?
(Purpose to Goal):
What sources of information exists or
can be provided cost-effectively? Does
What conditions external to the project
are necessary if achievements of the
provision for collection need to be made
under inputs-outputs?
project’s purpose is to contribute to
reaching the project goal?
(Output of Purpose):
What are the factors not within the
What sources of information?
control of the project which, if not
present, are liable to restrict progress
from outputs to achievements of project
purpose?
(Activity to Output):
1) What external factors must be
What are sources of information?
realised to obtain planned outputs on
schedule?
2) What kind of decisions or actions
outside the control of the project are
necessary for inception of the project?
What are sources of information?
What are the conditions for the
availability of the resources?
 Definition of Monitoring and Evaluation
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
The example of Water Supply Project in Qalat
GOAL:‫اهــﺪاف ﮐﻠـﯽ‬
Improve living condition in Qalat
‫ﺳﻄﺢ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﻗﻼت‬/‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ وﺿﻊ‬
PURPOSE: ‫ﻣــﻘـﺼـــﺪ‬
Adequate water supplied to the
people of Qalat
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺁب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﻗﻼت ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
RESULTS: ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
Qalat WSS Utility working
efficiently
‫ﺗﺼﺪی ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﻼت ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﯽ‬.
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
ACTIVITIES: ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ هﺎ‬
Extension of Water Supply
Network, Improve Institutional
Setup and HR Training
‫ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻼت‬،‫ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫و ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﻮای ﺑﺸﺮی‬
INPUT: ‫ورودی‬
Financial, Personnel and
Equipment Resources
‫ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬
INDICATORS
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ هﺎ‬
What are the quantitative ways of
measuring, or qualitative ways of
judging, whether these broad
objectives are being achieved?
(estimated time)
What are the quantitative
measures or qualitative evidence
by which achievement and
distribution of impacts and
benefits can be judged (estimated
time)
What kind and quantity of outputs,
and by when will they be
produced? (quantity, quality,
time)
We recommend that VI’s are
included against all activities. This
is essential for projects reporting
and monitoring against the Logical
Framework.
What the resources for the
implementation of the project?
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‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﭘﺮوژﻩ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﻼت‬
SOURCES
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
What sources of information exists, or
can be provided cost-effectively?
What sources of information exists or
can be provided cost-effectively? Does
provision for collection need to be made
under inputs-outputs?
What sources of information?
What are sources of information?
What are sources of information?
ASSUMPTIONS
‫ﻣﻔﺮوﺿﺎت‬
(Goal to Super-goal):
What external factors are necessary
for sustaining objectives in the long
run?
(Purpose to Goal):
What conditions external to the project
are necessary if achievements of the
project’s purpose is to contribute to
reaching the project goal?
(Output of Purpose):
What are the factors not within the
control of the project which, if not
present, are liable to restrict progress
from outputs to achievements of
project purpose?
(Activity to Output):
1) What external factors must be
realised to obtain planned outputs on
schedule?
2) What kind of decisions or actions
outside the control of the project are
necessary for inception of the project?
What are the conditions for the
availability of the resources?
 Methods for M&E
‫روش هﺎ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
Implementing Monitoring: How to measure the achievements?
‫ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ دﺳﺖ ﺁورد هﺎ را ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮐﺮد؟‬:‫اﺟﺮاء ﻧﻈﺎرت‬
Examples for Indicators ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﺮای ﺷﺎﺧﺺ هﺎ‬
GOAL:‫اهــﺪاف ﮐﻠـﯽ‬ • Health: Reduction of water borne diseases
• Economy: Increase of employment as result from construction
Improve living condition in Qalat
works during project implementation
‫ﺳﻄﺢ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﻗﻼت‬/‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ وﺿﻊ‬ • Others
PURPOSE: ‫ﻣــﻘـﺼـــﺪ‬
• Improved satisfaction of customers
Adequate water supplied to the people of Qalat
• Others
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺁب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﻗﻼت ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
RESULTS: ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ • Percentage of households connected to water supply network
Qalat WSS Utility working efficiently • Cost of operations recovered by income from water tariffs
‫ﺗﺼﺪی ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﻼت ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬. • Others

ACTIVITIES: ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ هﺎ‬ • Meters of pipes laid

Extension of Water Supply Network, Improve
Institutional Setup and HR Training
‫ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻼت و ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﻮای‬،‫ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮی‬
• What are the quantitative ways of measuring, or qualitative ways of
judging, whether these broad objectives are being achieved?
(estimated time)
• Independent utility established
• Number of staff trained

INPUT: ‫ورودی‬ • Money flow

Financial, Personnel and Equipment Resources • Man-months
• Number of equipment purchased
‫ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬
7
 Methods for M&E
‫روش هﺎی ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
Implementing Monitoring: Internal and External Monitoring
‫ ﻧﻈﺎرت داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬:‫اﺟﺮاء ﻧﻈﺎرت‬
Indirect Impact
(Contribution)
‫اﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

Examples for Indicators

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﺮای ﺷﺎﺧﺺ هﺎ‬
(‫)اﻋﺎﻧﻪ‬

GOAL:‫اهــﺪاف ﮐﻠـﯽ‬ • Health: Reduction of water borne diseases Impact Monitoring

Improve living condition in Qalat • Economy: Increase of employment as result
from construction works during project (External?)
‫ﺳﻄﺢ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬/‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ وﺿﻊ‬ implementation
‫در ﻗﻼت‬ • Others (‫ﻧﻈﺎرت اﺻﺎﺑﺖ )ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬
PURPOSE: ‫ﻣــﻘـﺼـــﺪ‬
Adequate water supplied to the people
of Qalat • Improved satisfaction of customers
• Others
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺁب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﻗﻼت ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
(‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬/‫اﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )ﺳﺒﺐ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬
(Cause/Effect)

RESULTS: ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ • Percentage of households connected to water

Direct Impact

Qalat WSS Utility working efficiently supply network

• Cost of operations recovered by income from
‫ﺗﺼﺪی ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﻼت ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل‬.
‫اﺳﺖ‬ •
water tariffs
Others
Project
Monitoring
• Meters of pipes laid
ACTIVITIES: ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ هﺎ‬ • What are the quantitative ways of measuring, (Internal)
Extension of Water Supply Network, or qualitative ways of judging, whether these
Improve Institutional Setup and HR Training broad objectives are being achieved? ‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﭘﺮوژﻩ‬
‫ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ‬،‫ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬ (estimated time)
‫ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻼت و ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﻮای ﺑﺸﺮی‬ • Independent utility established (‫)داﺧﻠﯽ‬
• Number of staff trained
INPUT: ‫ورودی‬
Financial, Personnel and Equipment • Money flow
Resources • Man-months
• Number of equipment purchased
‫ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ 8

The challenge of Impact Monitoring
(‫)ﻋﻤﻞ دﺷﻮار ﺑﺮای ﻧﻈﺎرت اﺻﺎﺑﺖ هﺎ‬
Methods for M&E?
‫روش هﺎی ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
GOAL (‫)اهﺪاف ﮐﻠﯽ‬
Improve living conditions in Qalat
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﻴﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﻗﻼت‬

Education Others
‫ﻣﻌﺎرف‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬
Economy Services
‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬ Health ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬
‫ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ‬/‫ﺻﺤﺖ‬

Qalat Water Supply

Other Project Other
Projects ‫ﭘﺮوژﻩ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﻼت‬ Projects
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺮوژﻩ هﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺮوژﻩ هﺎ‬

" No direct relation (cause/effect) but plausibility ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ( اﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل اﺳﺖ‬/‫)ﮐﺪام ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﺪارد )ﺳﺒﺐ‬
" Impact difficult to be measured ‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺶ اﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر دﺷﻮار اﺳﺖ‬
9
 What is evaulation?
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
! Evaluation is the use of monitoring data and information at the management
(decision) level
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ اﺳﺖ و درﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ )ﺑﺮای ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬/‫! ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﺒﺎرت از ﺁن ارﻗﺎم‬
.‫ﮔﻴﺮی( اﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
! Case 1: the project is implemented smoothly
• to confirm project planning and implementation
.‫ ﭘﺮوژﻩ ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﯽ اﺟﺮاء ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬:1 ‫ﻗﻀﻴﻪ‬ #
‫• ﺑﺮای ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰی و اﺟﺮاﺁت ﭘﺮوژﻩ‬
# Case 2: there are problems to achieve the planned results
• to change project activities or procedures

‫ وﺟﻮد دارد‬،‫ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ در ﺣﺼﻮل ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﻼن ﺷﺪﻩ‬:2 ‫ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ‬#

‫• ﺑﺮای ﺗﻐﻴﺮدادن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ و ﻃﺮز اﻟﻌﻤﻞ هﺎ‬
# Case 3: there are problems to achieve the planned outputs
• to change the general concept, partners for co-operation, etc.
‫ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت در ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﭘﻼن ﺷﺪﻩ وﺟﻮد دارد‬:3 ‫ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ‬#
‫ ﺷﺮﮐﺎء ﺑﺮای هﻤﮑﺎری وﻏﻴﺮﻩ‬،‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ‬/‫• ﺑﺮای ﺗﻐﻴﺮ دادن ﺗﻔﮑﺮ‬

10
 Justification for M&E
‫دﻻﻳﻞ ﺑﺮای ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬

Why should we plan, monitor and evaluate our projects and their
impacts?
‫ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ؟‬،‫ﭼﺮا ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮوژﻩ هﺎ و اﺻﺎﺑﺖ هﺎی ﺁن را ﭘﻼن‬

$ To know about what we are doing and whether we are achieving the
expected results
‫ ﺑﺮای داﻧﺴﺘﻦ اﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﻴﻢ و ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ را ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁرﻳﻢ‬$
$ To be able to change and improve the implementation of on-going projects
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ اﺟﺮاﺁت ﭘﺮوژﻩ هﺎی ﺟﺎری ﺧﻮد را ﺗﻐﻴﺮ و ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎزﻳﻢ‬$
$ To know about, whether the expected impacts can be observed
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺪاﻧﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ اﺻﺎﺑﺖ هﺎی ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺸﺎهﺪﻩ ﺧﻮاهﺪ ﺷﺪ‬$
$ To be able to improve general concepts and strategies (does it work?)
(‫ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی هﺎی ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ را اﺻﻼح و ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎزﻳﻢ )ﺁﻳﺎ اﻳﻦ ﮐﺎر ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ؟‬$
$ To justify the projects and the respect use of resources (e.g. against
“competitors for funds” or tax payers in developed countries)
‫ﻼ ﺑﺮﻋﻠﻴﻪ ”رﻗﺒﻴﺐ هﺎی ﻓﻨﺪ“ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ هﺎی‬ً ‫ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﭘﺮوژﻩ هﺎ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁن )ﻣﺜ‬$
(‫ﺗﮑﺲ در ﻣﻤﺎﻟﮏ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

11
 ‫‪Current Needs and Challenges‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎی ﻓﻌﻠﯽ و دﺷﻮرﻳﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Example: Current Situation of M&E in Water Sector‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ در ﺳﮑﺘﻮر ﺁب‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ = ‪M&E‬‬
‫دوﻧﺮ )ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ( = ‪Donor‬‬
‫وزارت اﻧﺮژی و ﺁب = ‪MEW‬‬
‫وزارت ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی و ﻣﺴﮑﻦ= ‪MUDH‬‬
‫?‪How can this M&E activities be related‬‬ ‫وزارت زراﻋﺖ و ﻣﺎﻟﺪاری = ‪MAAH‬‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﻦ هﻤﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ هﺎی ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎهﻢ ارﺗﺒﺎط داﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ؟‬

‫‪Option 1. Individual responsibility for M&E‬‬

‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ‪ .1‬ﻣﺴﺆﻟﻴﺖ اﻧﻔﺮادی ﺑﺮای ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪MEW‬‬

‫‪Donor X‬‬
‫‪" No coordination required‬‬ ‫‪M&E‬‬
‫" )ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ هﻤﺎهﻨﮕﯽ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ(‬ ‫‪M&E‬‬
‫‪Donor Z‬‬
‫‪" Doubling efforts (e.g. repeated design of M&E‬‬
‫)‪systems and M&E activities‬‬ ‫‪Donor Y‬‬ ‫‪M&E‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻃﺮح ﺗﮑﺮاری ﺑﺮای ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ هﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫" )زﺣﻤﺖ هﺎی ﺗﮑﺮاری ﻣﺜ ً‬ ‫‪M&E‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
‫‪" Limited transfer of know-how to MEW’s M&E Unit‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫" ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ وزارت اﻧﺮژی و ﺁب‬

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 ‫‪Current Needs and Challenges‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎی ﻓﻌﻠﯽ و دﺷﻮرﻳﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Option 2. MEW’s M&E Unit is responsible for overall M&E‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ‪ .2‬واﺣﺪ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ وزارت اﻧﺮژی و ﺁب ﻣﺴﺆﻟﻴﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ را ﺑﺮای ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﮑﺘﻮر را‬
‫دارد‬
‫)‪" High need for coordination (e.g. harmonizing M&E systems of the projects‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ هﺎی ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﺮوژﻩ هﺎ(‬‫" ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ زﻳﺎد ﺑﺮای هﻤﺎهﻨﮕﯽ )ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫)‪" Efficient use of resources (i.e. through joint M&E‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﺮک(‬ ‫" اﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ و ﺑﺎﮐﻔﺎﻳﺖ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ )ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫‪" Maximum transfer of know-how to MEW’s M&E Unit‬‬
‫" اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم وﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ وزارت اﻧﺮژی و ﺁب‬

‫‪MEW‬‬
‫‪Donor X‬‬
‫‪M&E‬‬
‫‪M&E‬‬
‫‪Donor Z‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ = ‪M&E‬‬
‫دوﻧﺮ )ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ( = ‪Donor‬‬ ‫‪Donor Y‬‬ ‫‪M&E‬‬

‫وزارت اﻧﺮژی و ﺁب = ‪MEW‬‬ ‫‪M&E‬‬

‫وزارت ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی و ﻣﺴﮑﻦ= ‪MUDH‬‬
‫وزارت زراﻋﺖ و ﻣﺎﻟﺪاری = ‪MAAH‬‬

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 ‫‪Current Needs and Challenges‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎی ﻓﻌﻠﯽ و دﺷﻮرﻳﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Option 3. Cooperation in M&E towards MEW’s overall responsibility‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ‪ .3‬هﻤﮑﺎری در ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺴﻮی ﻣﺴﺆﻟﻴﺖ هﺎی ﮐﻠﯽ وزارت اﻧﺮژی و ﺁب‬

‫‪MEW‬‬

‫‪Donor X‬‬
‫‪M&E‬‬

‫‪M&E‬‬
‫‪Donor Z‬‬

‫‪M&E‬‬ ‫‪M&E‬‬
‫‪Donor Y‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ = ‪M&E‬‬

‫دوﻧﺮ )ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ( = ‪Donor‬‬
‫وزارت اﻧﺮژی و ﺁب = ‪MEW‬‬
‫وزارت ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی و ﻣﺴﮑﻦ= ‪MUDH‬‬
‫وزارت زراﻋﺖ و ﻣﺎﻟﺪاری = ‪MAAH‬‬
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 Current Needs and Challenges
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎی ﻓﻌﻠﯽ و دﺷﻮرﻳﻬﺎ‬
Example: It even becomes more complex … ... ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬:‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
M&E = ‫ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
Donor = (‫دوﻧﺮ )ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ MEW
MEW = ‫وزارت اﻧﺮژی و ﺁب‬ Donor X
M&E
MUDH =‫وزارت ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی و ﻣﺴﮑﻦ‬
M&E
Donor Z
MAAH = ‫وزارت زراﻋﺖ و ﻣﺎﻟﺪاری‬
Donor Y M&E

M&E
MUDH
Donor Z MAAH
Donor Z
M&E M&E
M&E
M&E
Donor X
Donor X Donor Y Donor Y
M&E
M&E
M&E M&E

15
 Methods for M&E
‫روش هﺎی ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬
Implementing Monitoring: Internal and External Monitoring
‫ ﻧﻈﺎرت داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬:‫اﺟﺮاء ﻧﻈﺎرت‬
Indirect Impact
(Contribution)
‫اﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

Examples for Indicators

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﺮای ﺷﺎﺧﺺ هﺎ‬
(‫)اﻋﺎﻧﻪ‬

GOAL:‫اهــﺪاف ﮐﻠـﯽ‬ • Health: Reduction of water borne diseases Impact Monitoring

Improve living condition in Qalat • Economy: Increase of employment as result
from construction works during project (External?)
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ وﺿﻊ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در‬ implementation
‫ﻗﻼت‬ • Others (‫ﻧﻈﺎرت اﺻﺎﺑﺖ )ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬
PURPOSE: ‫ﻣــﻘـﺼـــﺪ‬
Adequate water supplied to the people
of Qalat • Improved satisfaction of customers
• Others
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺁب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﻗﻼت ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬
(‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬/‫اﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )ﺳﺒﺐ‬

RESULTS: ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ • Percentage of households connected to water

(Cause/Effect)
Direct Impact

Qalat WSS Utility working efficiently supply network

• Cost of operations recovered by income from
‫ﺗﺼﺪی ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﻼت ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل‬. water tariffs
‫اﺳﺖ‬ • Others Project
• Meters of pipes laid Monitoring
ACTIVITIES: ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ هﺎ‬ • What are the quantitative ways of measuring, (Internal)
Extension of Water Supply Network, or qualitative ways of judging, whether these
Improve Institutional Setup and HR Training broad objectives are being achieved?
‫ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ‬،‫ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬ (estimated time) ‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﭘﺮوژﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻼت و ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﻮای ﺑﺸﺮی‬ • Independent utility established (‫)داﺧﻠﯽ‬
• Number of staff trained
INPUT: ‫ورودی‬
Financial, Personnel and Equipment • Money flow
Resources • Man-months
• Number of equipment purchased
‫ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ 16
 ‫‪Recommendations‬‬

‫‪Final Recommendations towards M&E‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﻧﻬﺎﺋﯽ ﺑﺴﻮی ﻧﻈﺎرت و ارزﻳﺎﺑﯽ‬

‫‪ .1‬اﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ را ﺑﻄﻮردرﺳﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم دهﻴﺪ و ”ﻓﺮاﻣﻮش“ ﻧﮑﻨﻴﺪ!‬

‫!‪1. Do it (properly)! Don’t “forget” it‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻳﻦ را ﺳﺎدﻩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻳﺪ!‬
‫!‪2. Keep it simple‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮان هﻤﮑﺎری داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ!‬
‫!‪3. Cooperate with others‬‬

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‫‪THANK YOU‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﮑﺮ از ﺷﻤﺎ‬

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