General Mathematics

Quarter 2 – Module 5: Logarithmic Functions

Name: Karl Alfred B. Villejo Grade and Section: 11 – Orion Date: 31/10/2021

1. C.
2. A.
3. D.
4. D.
5. D.
6. D.
7. C.
8. D.
9. C.
10. C.
11. B.
12. A.
13. D.
14. A.
15. B.

Lesson 1: Introduction to Logarithmic Functions

’ : –

1. C
2. A
3. H
4. J
5. E
6. B
7. F
8. D
9. G
10. I
 1. The main function of exponents is to identify how many times should we multiply
a value by itself. It is also to simplify large values.

2. In numbers 1 to 5, the value of x is already given, simplifying the values was the
only step to do to solve for x. In numbers 6 to 10, all the given has x as their
exponents.

3. By making their base equal, then set their exponents as equal then solve for x.

A.
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔525 = 2

2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 3= 1

2
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔
1
= −2
24

4. 𝑙𝑜𝑔100,000 = 5

5. 𝑙𝑜𝑔e 54.598 ≈ 2

B.
1. 103 = 1000

2. 42 = 16

3. 24 = 16

4. 𝑒3 ≈ 20

5. 43 = 64
 ’ : –

Earthquake Risk Reduction and

Recovery
Before an Earthquake During an Earthquake After an Earthquake
● Secure Heavy ● Stay inside ● Check yourself
Furniture, ● Drop under and others for
hanging plants, heavy furniture injuries
heavy pictures or such as table, ● Check water, gas,
mirrors. desk, bed, or any and electric lines
● Keep flammable solid furniture for damage
or hazardous ● Cover your head ● Listen to news
liquids in cabinets and torso to from radio, or TV
or on lower prevent being hit if available
shelves by falling objects ● Stay out of
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water, and are under so that ● Stay away
supplies including you remain from beaches
flashlight, radio, covered ● Stay away
batteries, from
medicines, first- damaged
aid areas
kits and clothes.

: : - -
I.
1. No, because the base of a logarithmic function can only take positive values.

2. No, negative numbers and 0 are not accepted to be the base of a logarithm.

3. None, 0 to any power is 0, and 0 is not accepted to be the base of a logarithm.

4. Yes, because log(1) is equal to 0, and 0 is considered an answer.

5. Yes, the answer is 5.

II.
1. (a). 136
= 9.06667
15
(b). 3981071706

2. 100 𝑑𝐵
 Lesson 2: Logarithmic Functions, Equations, &
Inequalities
’ : –

1. F
2. I
3. F
4. E
5. E
6. I
7. F
8. E
9. E
10. F

1. A function shows relationship between two variables. An equation is an

expression containing an equal sign (=). An inequality is an expression
containing inequality signs (<, >, ≤, ≥).

2. The signs

3. None

’ : –

Logarithmic Function Logarithmic Equation Logarithmic Inequality

𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔s3 + 5 𝑙𝑜𝑔91 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔9(1 − 4𝑥) log(3𝑥 − 2) ≤
−𝐼𝑛(1 − 2𝑥) + 1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔s + log(𝑥 − 3) = 2
𝑔(𝑥) 1 log 32 > 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 − 𝑥 log 9𝑦 + 5 <
20
 : –

Equations Inequalities

Functions

Examples

Equations: Functions: Inequalities:

log2 𝑥 = 5 𝑓(𝑥) = log2(𝑥 − 3) log 9𝑦 + 5 < 20

log3 𝑥 = −2 𝑦 = 3 logs 8 log 27 ≥ 3

log2 3 + log2 5 = 𝑔(𝑥) = log7(4𝑥 − log(4𝑥 − 1) ≤ 3

log 𝑥 9)
log3(4𝑥) = log7(𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑥) = logs 3 + 5 log(2𝑥 − 10) > 𝑥 +
8) 3
log(𝑥2 − 4) = log 3𝑥 𝑦 = log − 𝑥 log2 𝑥 ≤ 5
 Lesson 3: The Logarithmic Equation & Inequality
’ : – --

● Three things I found out:

1. Logarithm exists
2. You can have logarithms in functions
3. You can have logarithms in equations and inequalities

● Two interesting things

1. Logarithms looks complicated, but is actually very simple
2. It can simplify values

● One question I still have

1. Why is it called Logarithms?

’ : –

𝑥=
9
A: U:
F:
logs 27 = 3 𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 3
log 𝑥 = 3
𝑥3 = 27 𝑥 = 𝑒3
𝑥 = 103
𝑥=3 𝑥 ≈ 20.9
𝑥 = 1,000
!: N:
𝑥 H 1
log2 3 = 4
:
log2 𝑥=5
24 = 𝑥 𝑥4 = 16 = 2 log16 𝑥 = 2
3 1
162 = 𝑥
𝑥
16 =
3 𝑥=4

𝑥 = 48
25 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 32

S:
logs 16 = 4
M A T H I S F U N !
1 3 1 4 8 2 1,0 20. 3 4
9 6 1 00 09 2 8

1. By remembering the formula logb 𝑥 = 𝑃 then rewriting it as 𝑏P = 𝑥 then solve for

x.

2. None

’ :
1. log2 𝑥 = 5 4𝑥
5 =8
𝑥=2 𝑥−5
𝑥 = 32 4𝑥 = 8𝑥 − 40
40 = 4𝑥
2. log3(𝑥2 + 2) = 3 𝑥 = 10
𝑥 2 + 2 = 33 5. log(𝑥2 − 2) + 2 log 6 =
𝑥2 + 2 = 81 log 6𝑥
𝑥2 = 99 (𝑥2 − 2)(62) = 6𝑥
36𝑥2 − 72 = 6𝑥
√𝑥 = √99
6𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 12 = 0
𝑥 = 3√11 (3𝑥 + 4)(2𝑥 − 3) = 0

3. log2(3𝑥) = log7(5𝑥 − 8) 3𝑥 + 4 = 0
4
3𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 8 𝑥=−
3
8 = 2𝑥
𝑥=4 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
3
4. log2(4𝑥) − log2(𝑥 − 5) = log2 𝑥=
2
8
log 4𝑥
( ) = log 8
2 2
𝑥−5
𝑥 = (− , )
3

2
 ’ : –
𝑥 1 1 1 1 2 4 8
8 4 2
log1 𝑥 3 2 1 0 − − −
2
1 2 3
log2 − − − 0 1 2 3
𝑥 3 2 1

1. It decreases its value of the logarithm.

2. It increases the value of the logarithm.

1. log4 𝑥 < 3
3. log3(1 − 𝑥) ≥ log3(𝑥 + 16 − 𝑥2)
𝑏>1
𝑏>1
𝑥 < 43
1 − 𝑥 ≥ 𝑥 + 16 − 𝑥2
𝑥 < 64
1 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 16 + 𝑥2 ≥ 0
𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 64)
𝑥2 − 2𝑥 − 15 ≥
0 (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 3)
2. log0.5(4𝑥 + 1) < log0.5(1 − ≥0
4𝑥)
𝑏<1
𝑥−5=0
4𝑥 + 1 > 1 − 4𝑥
𝑥=5
4𝑥 + 4𝑥 > 1 − 1
8𝑥 > 0
𝑥+3=0
𝑥>0
𝑥 = −3
1
𝑥 ∈ (0, )
4 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 3] ∪ [−5, ∞)

In this lesson, I have learned that logarithms are not as complicated as how it looks. I
have now understood how to write a logarithm to exponential form and vise versa. I
also learned ways to solve a logarithmic equation, and the different laws of logarithms.
I also learned how to solve logarithmic inequalities.
 : –
log7 𝑥 = 2 6𝑥 = 12
𝑥 = 72 𝑥=2
𝑥 = 49 (right)
(down)

log1(2𝑥 − 5) < 0
5
logs 25 = 2
10
25 = 𝑥2 2𝑥 − 5 > ( )
5
𝑥=5
2𝑥 − 5 > 1
(right)
2𝑥 > 6
𝑥>3
log 𝑥 + log 6 = 12 log(6𝑥)
𝑥 ∈ (3, +∞)
= 12
(down, reached the end)

Lesson 4: The Logarithmic Function & its Graph

T: I: M:
log4 𝑥 = 2 log3 𝑥 = 4 log3 𝑥 =
−2
42 = 𝑥 34 = 𝑥 3–2 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 16 𝑥 = 81 1

’ : –

𝑦 = 2s

𝑥 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 8
16 8 4 2
16 8 4
𝑦 √2 √2 √2 √ 2 4 1 2
2 6 5
6
𝑦 = log2 𝑥
𝑥 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 8
1 8 4 2
6
𝑦 − − − − 0 1 2 3
4 3 2 1

1. It goes upward from quadrant 2

2. it goes upward from quadrant 4

3. In the first function, the graph has no negative y-value. In the second function,
the graph has no negative x-value.

’ : :
𝑦 = log1 𝑥
2

𝑥 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 8
1 8 4 2
6
𝑦 4 3 2 1 0 − − −
1 2 3
1. Downwards

2. They both have the same behavior but goes to the opposite direction. The graph
slowly goes down as the value of x increases.

3. The base can affect the sign of the exponent, and the sign of the base can also
affect the exponent.

1. 𝑦 = logs(𝑥 + 3)
a. Since 𝑐 > 0, it is shifted to the left, 3
units. b.

c. Domain: (0,1) ∪ (1, ∞), {𝑥|𝑥 > 0, 𝑥 ≠ 1}

Range: (−∞, ∞), {𝑦|𝑦 ∈
ℝ} Vertical Asymptote: 𝑥 =
−3 y-intercept: (0,
log0(3)) Zero: no solution

2. 𝑦 = log1 (𝑥 − 1)
3
a. Since 𝑐 < 0, the graph is shifted to the right, 1 unit.
b.
 c. Domain: (1, ∞), {𝑥|𝑥 > 1}
Range:(−∞, ∞), {𝑦|𝑦 ∈
ℝ} Vertical Asymptote: 𝑥
= 1 y-intercept: none
Zero: 𝑥 = 2

3. 𝑦 = log5 𝑥 + 6
a. Since 𝑑 > 0, the graph is shifted upwards, 6 units.
b.

c. Domain: (0, ∞), {𝑥|𝑥 > 0}

Range: (−∞, ∞), {𝑦|𝑦 ∈
ℝ} Vertical Asymptote:𝑥
= 0 y-intercept: none
Zero: 𝑥 = 1
15625

4. 𝑦 = log0.1 𝑥 − 2
a. Since 𝑑 < 0, the graph is shifted downwards, 2 units.
b.

c. Domain: (0, ∞), {𝑥|𝑥 > 0}

Range: (−∞, ∞), {𝑦|𝑦 ∈
ℝ} Vertical Asymptote: 𝑥
= 0 y-intercept: none
Zero: 𝑥 = 0.01
5. 𝑦 = log2 (𝑥 − 4) + 2
5
a. Since 𝑐 < 0, and 𝑑 > 0, the graph is shifted to the right, 4 units, and shifted
upwards, 2 units.
b.

c. Domain: (4, ∞), {𝑥|𝑥 > 4}

Range: (−∞, ∞), {𝑦|𝑦 ∈
ℝ} Vertical Asymptote: 𝑥
= 4 y-intercept: none
Zero: 𝑥 = 41
4

6. 𝑦 = log6(𝑥 + 1) + 5
a. Since 𝑐 > 0, and 𝑑 > 0, the graph is shifted to the left, 1 unit, and shifted
upwards, 5 units.
b.

c. Domain: (−1, ∞), {𝑥|𝑥 > −1}

Range: (−∞, ∞), {𝑦|𝑦 ∈
ℝ} Vertical Asymptote:𝑥
= −1 y-intercept: (0, 5)
Zero: 𝑥 = − 7775
7776
 : –
1
23
Let 𝑥 =
1
54

v
With the law of 𝑢 − logb 𝑣. That means the
logarithms, log ( )u = logb equation will now
become 1 1
logn = 3 log 2 − 4 log 5 .

Then we substitute the values of log 2 and log 5 based on the given table.
1 1
log 𝑛 ≈ (0.3010) − (0.6990)
3 4
log 𝑛 ≈ 0.1 −
0.175 log 𝑛 ≈
−0.075

Then we will solve for the value of n.

𝑛 ≈ 10–0.075