Module 13

INTEGRALS YIELDING
THE NATURAL
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

Differential and Integral Calculus

OBJECTIVE:
• evaluate integrals leading to natural
logarithmic function

Differential and Integral Calculus

DISCUSSION OF THE TOPICS:
Recall: 𝑑𝑢
d ln 𝑢 =
𝑢
Evaluate the integral of each side, we have,

𝑑𝑢
න = න 𝑑 ln 𝑢
𝑢
or

𝑑𝑢
න = ln 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑢

Differential and Integral Calculus

 3
Example 1. Find  dx
2x − 7
Solution:
Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 7
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥

3 𝑑𝑥
Then, ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ‫׬‬
2𝑥−7 2𝑥−7

3 𝑑𝑢 3 3
= න = 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶 = 𝑙𝑛 2𝑥 − 7 + 𝐶
2 𝑢 2 2

Differential and Integral Calculus

 4x + 2
Example 2:Find  x 2 + x + 5 dx
Solution:
Let 𝒖 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒅𝒖 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
4𝑥+2 2 2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑢
Thus, ‫ ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥 = ‫ ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ‫׬‬
𝑥 +𝑥+5 𝑥 +𝑥+5 𝑢
=> 2𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶
=> 2𝑙𝑛 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 5 +𝐶

Differential and Integral Calculus

 𝑥3
Example 3. Evaluate ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4 +1 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 4 + 1
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 => = 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
4
𝑑𝑢
𝑥3 4 1 𝑑𝑢 1
Thus, ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4+1 𝑑𝑥 =‫׬‬
𝑢
= ‫׬‬
4 𝑢
= 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶
4
1
=> 𝑙𝑛 𝑥4 + 1 + 𝐶
4

Differential and Integral Calculus

 𝒙𝟑 +𝟑𝒙
Example 4: Evaluate ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒙
𝟒−𝒙

Solution:
𝑥 3 +3𝑥
Since is an improper fraction in x. Simplify by performing the
4−𝑥
operation, that is, use long division to the sum of a polynomial and a proper
fraction, thus,
𝑥 3 +3𝑥 76
‫ ׬‬4−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ‫ ׬‬−𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 19 + 𝑑𝑥
4−𝑥
76
=> ‫ ׬‬−𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 19 𝑑𝑥 + ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
4−𝑥
𝑥3
=> − − 2𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 − 76𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 4 + 𝐶
3

Differential and Integral Calculus

 EXERCISE:
Evaluate the following:

2 ln y
a.  4x − 3 dx g. 
y
dy

2s + 3 1 + cos t
b.  ds h.  dt
3s + 2 t + sin t
2 −2 x + 2
c.  dx i. −3 2 dx
x ln x x + 4x
1 x +1 2w − 3
d. 
0
0 x 2 + 2x + 2
dx j. −1/ 3 3w + 2 dw
3 x 4 + 12x 3 + 6 1
e.  5
1

x + 5 x 4 + 16 x + 12
dx j. 0 (1 +  2 )Tan −1 d
x 3 + 3x 2 t − t −3
f.  dx j. 1 2 −2 dt
t +t
x +12

Differential and Integral Calculus

EXERCISE:
Evaluate the following.
 x+2  3y3 − 6 y 2
1.  2 dx
6.  2 − y dy
 2 x + 8x + 3 

 (log 2 5w)
4
dy
2.  2 y ln y 7.  dw
 2w

 z −1  2dz
3.  (log z + 3)4 dz
 8. 
 (
z 5−2 z )

 w dw
3
 2 x − 3x + 3dx
3
4.  
 2−w 9.  5x

 x + 1 dx  3 log 3 5 z − 3
5. 
 x−3
10. 
 2z
dz

Differential and Integral Calculus