9

Differential Equations
Short Answer Type Questions
dy
Q. 1 Find the solution of = 2 y -x .
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, = 2 y -x
dx
dy 2 y é m - n am ù
Þ = êQ a = nú
dx 2 x ë a û
dy dx
Þ =
2y 2x
On integrationg both sides, we get
-y
ò2 dy = ò 2 - x dx
- 2- y - 2- x
Þ = +C
log 2 log 2
Þ - 2 - y + 2 - x = + C log 2
Þ 2 - x - 2 - y = - C log 2
Þ 2 -x - 2 -y = K [where, K = + C log2 ]

Q. 2 Find the differential equation of all non-vertical lines in a plane.

p
Sol. Since, the family of all non-vertical line is y = mx + c, where m ¹ tan .
2
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
=m
dx
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
=0
dx 2

Q. 3 If dy = e -2 y and y = 0 when x = 5, then find the value of x when y = 3.

dx
dy dy
Sol. Given that, = e - 2y Þ = dx
dx e - 2y
2y
e
òe dy = ò dx Þ
2y
Þ =x+C ... (i)
2
 When x = 5 and y = 0, then substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
e0
=5+C
2
1 1 9
Þ =5+C Þ C = -5=-
2 2 2
Eq. (i) becomes e 2y = 2x - 9
When y = 3, then e6 = 2x - 9 Þ 2x = e6 + 9
6
(e + 9)
\ x=
2

dy 1
Q. 4 Solve (x 2 - 1) + 2xy = 2 .
dx x -1
Sol. Given differential equation is
dy 1
(x 2 - 1) + 2 xy = 2
dx x -1
dy æ 2 x ö 1
Þ +ç ÷ y= 2
dx çè x 2 - 1 ÷ø (x - 1)2
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
2x 1
P= 2 ,Q = 2
x -1 (x - 1)2
dx
æ 2x ö
ò çç x 2 - 1 ÷÷
IF = e ò
Pdx è ø
=e
2
Put x - 1 = t Þ 2xdx = dt
dt
ò
\ IF = e t = elog t = t = (x 2 - 1)
The complete solution is
y × IF =ò Q × IF + K
1
Þ y × (x 2
- 1) = ò 2 . (x 2 - 1) dx + K
(x - 1)2
dx
Þ y × (x 2 - 1) = ò (x 2 - 1) + K
1 æ x - 1ö
Þ y × (x 2 - 1) = log çç ÷÷ + K
2 è x + 1ø

Q. 5 Solve dy + 2xy = y.
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, + 2 xy = y
dx
dy
Þ + 2 xy - y = 0
dx
dy
Þ + (2 x - 1) y = 0
dx
which is a linear differential equation.
 dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = (2 x - 1), Q = 0
IF = e ò = eò
Pdx ( 2 x - 1) dx

æ 2 x2 ö
ç - x÷
ç 2 ÷ 2
-x
= e è ø = ex
The complete solution is
2 2
-x -x
y × ex = ò Q × ex dx + C
2
-x
Þ y . ex =0+C
2
Þ y = C ex - x

Q. 6 Find the general solution of dy + ay = e mx .

dx
Sol. Given differential equation is
dy
+ ay = e mx
dx
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = a, Q = e mx

IF = e ò = eò
Pdx adx
= e ax
The general solution is y × e ax = ò e mx × e ax dx + C
( m + a) x
Þ y × e ax = ò e dx + C
( m + a) x
e
Þ y × e ax = +C
( m + a)
e( m + a ) x (m + a) C
Þ ( m + a) y = +
e ax e ax
mx - ax
Þ ( m + a) y = e + K e [Q K = (m + a) C ]

Q. 7 Solve the differential equation dy + 1 = ex + y .

dx
dy
Sol. Given differential equation is + 1 = ex + y
... (i)
dx
On substituting x + y = t , we get
dy dt
1+
=
dx dx
dt
Eq. (i) becomes = et
dx
Þ e - t dt = dx
Þ - e- t = x + C
-1
Þ =x+C
ex + y
Þ - 1 = (x + C ) e x + y

Þ (x + C ) e x + y + 1 = 0
Q. 8 Solve ydx - xdy = x 2 ydx.
Sol. Given that, ydx - xdy = x 2 ydx
1 1 dy
Þ - . =1 [dividing throughout by x 2 ydx ]
x 2 xy dx
1 dy 1
Þ - . + 2 - 1= 0
xy dx x
dy xy
Þ - + xy = 0
dx x 2
dy y
Þ - + xy = 0
dx x
dy æ 1
Þ + ç x – ö÷ y = 0
dx è xø
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
1
P = æç x – ö÷, Q = 0
è xø
IF = e ò
Pdx

æ 1ö
ò çè x - x ÷ø dx
=e
x2
- log x
= e2
x2
=e x , e - log x

x2
1
= e 2
x
The general solution is
1 x2/ 2 1 2
y× e = ò 0 × e x / 2 dx + C
x x
1 2
Þ y × ex / 2 = C
x
2
Þ y = C x e- x /2

dy
Q. 9 Solve the differential equation = 1 + x + y 2 + xy 2 , when
dx
y = 0 and x = 0.
dy
Sol. Given that, = 1 + x + y2 + xy2
dx
dy
Þ = (1 + x ) + y2 (1 + x )
dx
dy
Þ = (1 + y2 ) (1 + x )
dx
dy
Þ = (1 + x ) dx
1 + y2
On integrating both sides, we get
x2
tan-1 y = x + + K ... (i)
2
 When y = 0 and x = 0, then substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
tan-1 (0) = 0 + 0 + K
Þ K=0
-1 x2
Þ tan y=x +
2
æ x2 ö
Þ y = tan çç x + ÷
è 2 ÷ø

Q. 10 Find the general solution of (x + 2 y 3 ) dy = y.

dx
dy
Sol. Given that, ( x + 2 y3 ) = y
dx
dx
Þ y× = x + 2 y3
dy
dx x
Þ = + 2 y2 [dividing throughout by y]
dy y
dx x
Þ - = 2 y2
dy y
which is a linear differential equation.
dx
On comparing it with + Px = Q, we get
dy
1
P = - , Q = 2 y2
y
1 1
ò - y dy -ò dy
IF = e =e y
1
\ = e - log y =
y
1 2 1
The general solution is x× = ò 2 y × dy + C
y y
x 2 y2
Þ = +C
y 2
x
Þ = y2 + C
y
Þ x = y3 + Cy

æ 2 + sin x ö dy
Q. 11 If y (x) is a solution of çç ÷÷ = - cos x and y (0) = 1, then find
è 1 + y ø dx
æpö
the value of y ç ÷.
è2ø
æ 2 + sin x ö dy
Sol. Given that, çç ÷÷ = - cos x
è 1 + y ø dx
dy cos x
Þ =- dx
1+ y 2 + sin x
On integrating both sides, we get
1 cos x
ò 1 + y dy = - ò 2 + sin x dx
Þ log (1 + y) = - log (2 + sin x ) + log C
 Þ log (1 + y) + log (2 + sin x ) = log C
Þ log (1 + y) (2 + sin x ) = log C
Þ (1 + y) (2 + sin x ) = C
C
Þ 1+ y =
2 + sin x
C
Þ y= -1 ... (i)
2 + sin x
When x = 0 and y = 1, then
C
1= - 1
2
Þ C=4
On putting C = 4 in Eq. (i), we get
4
y= -1
2 + sin x
p 4 4
\ y æç ö÷ = -1 = -1
è 2 ø 2 + sin p 2+1
2
4 1
= - 1=
3 3

dy
Q. 12 If y (t) is a solution of (1 + t) - ty = 1 and y (0) = - 1, then show
dt
1
that y (1) = - .
2
dy
Sol. Given that, (1 + t ) - ty = 1
dt
dy æ t ö 1
Þ -ç ÷ y=
dt çè 1 + t ÷ø 1+ t
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dt
æ t ö 1
P = - çç ÷, Q =
è1 + t ÷ø 1+ t
t æ 1 ö
-ò dt - ò çç 1 - ÷ dt = e - [ t - log (1 + t )]
1+ t 1+ t ÷
IF = e = e è ø

= e - t × elog ( 1 + t )
= e - t (1 + t )
The general solution is
(1 + t ) (1 + t ) × e - t
y (t ) ×
et
= ò (1 + t )
dt + C

e- t et C et
Þ y (t ) = × + C ¢, where C ¢=
(-1) 1 + t 1+ t
1
Þ y (t ) = - + C¢
1+ t
When t = 0 and y = - 1, then
- 1 = - 1 + C¢Þ C¢ = 0
1 1
y (t ) = - Þ y (1) = -
1+ t 2
Q. 13 Form the differential equation having y = (sin - 1 x)2 + A cos - 1 x + B,
where A and B are arbitrary constants, as its general solution.
Sol. Given that, y = (sin- 1 x )2 + A cos - 1 x + B
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy 2 sin-1 x (- A)
= +
dx 1- x 2
1 - x2
dy
Þ 1 - x2 = 2 sin- 1 x - A
dx
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 y dy - 2x 2
1 - x2 + . =
dx 2 dx 2 1 + x 2 1 - x2
d2y x dy
Þ (1 - x 2 ) - . 1 - x2 =2
dx 2 1 - x2 dx
dy d2y
Þ (1 - x 2 )
-x =2
dx 2 dx
d2y dy
Þ (1 - x 2 ) 2 - x -2 = 0
dx dx
which is the required differential equation.

Q. 14 Form the differential equation of all circles which pass through origin
and whose centres lie on Y-axis.
Sol. It is given that, circles pass through origin and their centreslie on Y-axis. Let (0, k) be the
centre of the circle and radius is k.
So, the equation of circle is
(x - 0)2 + ( y - k )2 = k 2
Þ x 2 + ( y - k )2 = k 2
Þ x 2 + y2 - 2 ky = 0
x 2 + y2
Þ =k ... (i)
2y
On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
2 2dy
2 y æç 2 x + 2 y
dy ö 2
÷ - (x + y )
è dx ø dx
=0
4 y2
4 y æç x + y
dy ö 2 2 dy
Þ ÷ - 2 (x + y ) =0
è dx ø dx
dy dy
Þ 4xy + 4 y2 - 2 ( x 2 + y2 ) =0
dx dx
dy
Þ [4 y2 - 2 (x 2 + y2 )] + 4xy = 0
dx
dy
Þ ( 4 y2 - 2 x 2 - 2 y2 ) + 4xy = 0
dx
dy
Þ (2 y2 - 2 x 2 ) + 4xy = 0
dx
dy
Þ ( y2 - x 2 ) + 2 xy = 0
dx
dy
Þ ( x 2 - y2 ) - 2 xy = 0
dx
Q. 15 Find the equation of a curve passing through origin and satisfying the
dy
differential equation (1 + x 2 ) + 2xy = 4 x 2 .
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, (1 + x 2 ) + 2 xy = 4x 2
dx
dy 2x 4x 2
Þ + . y =
dx 1 + x 2 1 + x2
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
2x 4x 2
P= 2
,Q =
1+ x 1 + x2
2x
ò dx
1 + x2
\ IF = e ò Pdx = e
Put 1 + x 2 = t Þ 2xdx = dt
dt
ò x2)
IF = 1 + x 2 = e t = elog t = elog ( 1 +
The general solution is
4x 2
y × (1 + x 2 ) = ò 1 + x 2 (1 + x
2
) dx + C

Þ y × (1 + x 2 ) = ò 4x 2 dx + C
x3
Þ y × (1 + x 2 ) = 4+C ... (i)
3
Since, the curve passes through origin, then substituting
x = 0 and y = 0 in Eq. (i), we get
C=0
The required equation of curve is
4x 3
y (1 + x 2 ) =
3
4x 3
Þ y=
3 (1 + x 2 )

dy
Q. 16 Solve x2 = x 2 + xy + y 2 .
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, x2 = x 2 + xy + y2
dx
dy y y2
Þ = 1+ + 2 ... (i)
dx x x
y y2
Let f (x, y) = 1 + + 2
x x
ly l2 y2
f (lx, ly) = 1 + + 2 2
lx l x
æ y y2 ö
f (lx, ly) = l0 çç 1 + + 2 ÷÷
è x x ø
0
= l f (x, y)
 which is homogeneous expression of degree 0.
dy dv
Put y = vx Þ =v+ x
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq.(i), we get
æ v + x dv ö = 1 + v + v 2
ç ÷
è dx ø
dv
Þ x = 1 + v + v2 - v
dx
dv
Þ x = 1 + v2
dx
dv dx
Þ 2
=
1+ v x
On integrating both sides, we get
tan-1 v = log|x| + C

tan-1 æç ö÷ = log|x| + C
y
Þ
èx ø

Q. 17 Find the general solution of the differential equation

2 tan -1 y dy
(1 + y ) + (x - e ) = 0.
dx
Sol. Given, differential equation is
-1 dy
(1 + y2 ) + (x - e tan y
) =0
dx
-1 dy
Þ (1 + y2 ) = - (x - e tan y
)
dx
dx -1
(1 + y2 ) = - x + e tan y
dy
dx -1
Þ (1 + y2 ) + x = e tan y
dy
-1
dx x e tan y
Þ + 2
= [dividing throughout by (1 + y2 ) ]
dy 1 + y 1 + y2
which is a linear differential equation.
dx
On comparing it with + Px = Q, we get
dy
-1
1 e tan y
P= 2
,Q = 2
1+ y 1+ y
1
ò1+ dy
-1
IF = e ò y2
Pdy
=e = e tan y

-1
-1 e tan y -1
x × e tan ò1+ × e tan
y y
The general solution is = 2
dy + C
y
-1
-1 (e tan y 2
)
x × e tan ò
y
Þ = × dy + C
1 + y2
1
Put tan-1 y = t Þ dy = dt
1 + y2
-1
\ x × e tan y
= ò e 2t dt + C
 -1 1 2 tan -1 y
Þ x × e tan y
= e +C
2
-1 -1
Þ 2 x e tan y
= e 2 tan y
+2C
-1 -1
tan y 2 tan y
Þ 2x e =e + K [Q K = 2 C]

Q. 18 Find the general solution of y 2dx + (x 2 - x y + y 2 ) dy = 0.

Sol. Given, differential equation is
y2dx + (x 2 - xy + y2 ) dy = 0
Þ y2dx = - (x 2 - xy + y2 ) dy
dx
Þ y2 = - (x 2 - xy + y2 )
dy
dx æ x2 x ö
Þ = - çç 2 - + 1÷÷ ... (i)
dy è y y ø
which is a homogeneous differential equation.
x
Put = v or x = vy
y
dx dv
Þ =v+ y
dy dy
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
dv
v+ y = - [v 2 - v + 1]
dy
dv
Þ y = - v2 + v - 1 - v
dy
dv dv dy
Þ y = - v2 - 1 Þ 2 =-
dy v +1 y
On integrating both sides, we get
tan-1 (v ) = - log y + C
æx ö é xù
Þ tan-1 ç ÷ + log y = C êQ v = y ú
è yø ë û

Q. 19 Solve (x + y) (dx - dy) = dx + dy.

Sol. Given differential equation is
(x + y) (dx - dy) = dx + dy
(x + y) æç 1 -
dy ö dy
Þ ÷ = 1+ …(i)
è dx ø dx
Put x + y= z
dy dz
Þ 1+ =
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
z æç 1 - + 1ö÷ =
dz dz
è dx ø dx
z æç 2 -
dz ö dz
Þ ÷=
è dx ø dx
dz dz
Þ 2z - z - =0
dx dx
 dz
Þ 2 z - (z + 1) =0
dx
dz 2z
Þ =
dx z + 1

Þ æz+ 1ö
ç ÷ dz = 2 dx
è z ø
On integrating both sides, we get
æ 1 + 1 ö dz = 2 dx
òç
è zø
÷ ò
Þ z + log z = 2 x - log C
Þ (x + y) + log (x + y) = 2 x - log C [Q z = x + y]
Þ 2x - x - y = log C + log (x + y)
Þ x - y = log|C (x + y)|
Þ e x - y = C (x + y)
1
Þ (x + y) = e x - y
C
Þ x + y = Ke x - y éQ K = 1 ù
êë C úû

dy
Q. 20 Solve 2 ( y + 3) - xy = 0, given that y (1) = - 2.
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, 2 ( y + 3) - xy =0
dx dy
Þ 2 ( y + 3) = xy
dx
dx æ y ö
Þ 2 = çç ÷÷ dy
x è y + 3ø
dx æ y + 3 - 3 ö
Þ 2× = çç ÷÷ dy
x è y+ 3 ø
dx æ 3 ö
Þ 2× = çç 1 - ÷ dy
x è y + 3 ÷ø
On integrating both sides, we get
2 log x = y - 3 log ( y + 3) + C ... (i)
When x = 1 and y = - 2, then
2 log 1 = - 2 - 3log (- 2 + 3) + C
Þ 2 × 0 = - 2 - 3× 0 + C
Þ C =2
On substituting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get
2 log x = y - 3 log ( y + 3) + 2
Þ 2 log x + 3 log ( y + 3) = y + 2
Þ log x 2 + log ( y + 3)3 = ( y + 2 )
Þ log x 2 ( y + 3)3 = y + 2
+ 2
Þ x 2 ( y + 3)3 = e y
Q. 21 Solve the differential equation dy = cos x (2 - y cosec x ) dx given that
p
y = 2, when x = .
2
Sol. Given differential equation,
dy = cos x (2 - y cosec x )dx
dy
Þ = cos x (2 - y cosec x )
dx
dy
Þ = 2 cos x - y cosec x × cos x
dx
dy
Þ = 2cos x - ycot x
dx
dy
Þ + ycot x = 2 cos x
dx
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = cot x, Q = 2 cos x

IF = e ò = eò
Pdx cot x dx
= elog sin x = sin x
The general solution is
y × sin x = ò 2 cos x × sin x dx + C
Þ y × sin x = ò sin 2 x dx + C [Q sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x ]
cos 2 x
Þ y × sin x = - +C ... (i)
2
p
When x = and y = 2, then
2
p
cos æç 2 ´ ö÷
p è 2ø
2 . sin = - +C
2 2
1
Þ 2 ×1= + + C
2
1 4-1
Þ 2 - =C Þ =C
2 2
3
Þ \ C=
2
On substituting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get
1 3
y sin x = - cos 2 x +
2 2

Q. 22 Form the differential equation by eliminating A and B in

Ax 2 + By 2 = 1.
Sol. Given differential equation is Ax 2 + By2 = 1
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
2 Ax + 2 By =0
dx
dy
Þ 2 By = - 2 Ax
dx
dy y dy A
Þ By = - Ax Þ . =-
dx x dx B
 Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
æ x dy _ y ö
y d 2 y dy ç dx ÷
× + ×ç ÷=0
x dx 2 dx ç x 2 ÷
è ø
2
æ dy ö
x ç ÷ - yç ÷ æ dy ö
y d2y
× 2 + è ø 2 è ø =0
dx dx
Þ
x dx x
d2y dy 2
xy 2 + x æç ö÷ - y æç ö÷ = 0
dy
Þ
dx è dx ø è dx ø
Þ xy y¢¢ + x ( y¢)2 - y y¢ = 0

Q. 23 Solve the differential equation (1 + y 2 ) tan -1 x dx + 2 y (1 + x 2 ) dy = 0.

Sol. Given differential equation is
(1 + y2 ) tan-1 xdx + 2 y (1 + x 2 ) dy = 0
Þ (1 + y2 ) tan-1 xdx = - 2 y (1 + x 2 ) dy
tan-1 x dx 2 y
Þ =- dy
1 + x2 1 + y2
On integrating both sides, we get
tan-1 x 2y
ò 1 + x 2 dx = - ò 1 + y2
dy

Put tan-1 x = t in LHS, we get

1
dx = dt
1 + x2
and put 1 + y2 = u in RHS, we get
2 y dy = du
1 t2
Þ ò t dt = - ò u du Þ 2
= - log u + C
1
Þ (tan-1 x )2 = - log (1 + y2 ) + C
2
1
Þ (tan-1 x )2 + log (1 + y2 ) = C
2

Q. 24 Find the differential equation of system of concentric circles with

centre (1, 2).
Sol. The family of concentric circles with centre (1, 2) and radius a is given by
(x - 1)2 + ( y - 2 )2 = a2
Þ x 2 + 1 - 2 x + y2 + 4 - 4 y = a 2
Þ x 2 + y2 - 2 x - 4 y + 5 = a 2 ...(i)
On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy
2x + 2 y -2 - 4 =0
dx dx
dy
Þ (2 y - 4) + 2x - 2 = 0
dx
dy
Þ ( y - 2) + (x - 1) = 0
dx
Long Answer Type Questions
d
Q. 25 Solve y + (xy) = x (sin x + log x).
dx
Sol. Given differential equation is
d
y+ (xy) = x (sin x + log x )
dx
dy
Þ y+ x + y = x (sin x + log x )
dx
dy
Þ x + 2 y = x (sin x + log x )
dx
dy 2
Þ + y = sin x + log x
dx x
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
2
P = , Q = sin x + log x
x
2
ò x dx
IF =e = e 2 log x
= x2
The general solution is
y × x 2 = ò (sin x + log x ) x 2dx + C
Þ y × x 2 = ò (x 2 sin x + x 2 log x ) dx + C
Þ y × x 2 = ò x 2 sin x dx + òx
2
log x dx + C
2
Þ y × x = I1 + I 2 + C ...(i)
Now, I1 = ò x sin x dx
2

= x 2 (- cos x ) + ò 2 x cos x dx
= - x 2 cos x + [2 x (sin x ) - ò 2 sin x dx ]
I1 = - x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x + 2 cos x ... (ii)
and I 2 = ò x log x dx
2

x3 1 x3
= log x × -ò × dx
3 x 3
x3 1
= log x × - ò x 2dx
3 3
x3 1 x3
= log x × - × ... (iii)
3 3 3
On substituting the value of I1 and I 2 in Eq. (i), we get
x3 1
y × x 2 = - x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x + 2 cos x + log x - x 3 + C
3 9
2 sin x 2 cos x x x
\ y = - cos x + + + log x - + Cx - 2
x x2 3 9
Q. 26 Find the general solution of (1 + tan y) (dx - dy) + 2x dy = 0.
Sol. Given differential equation is (1 + tan y) (dx - dy) + 2 x dy = 0
on dividing throughout by dy, we get
æ dx ö
(1 + tan y) ç - 1÷ + 2 x = 0
è dy ø
dx
Þ (1 + tan y) - (1 + tan y) + 2 x = 0
dy
dx
Þ (1 + tan y) + 2 x = (1 + tan y)
dy
dx 2x
Þ + =1
dy 1 + tan y
which is a linear differential equation.
dx
On comparing it with + Px = Q, we get
dy
2
P= ,Q = 1
1 + tan y
2 2 cos y
ò1+ tan y
dy ò cos y + sin y
dy
IF = e =e
cos y + sin y + cos y - sin y
ò cos y + sin y
dy
=e
æ cos y - sin y ö
ò çç 1 + cos y ÷ dy
+ sin y ÷ø + log (cos y + sin y )
=e è = ey
y
= e × (cos y + sin y) [Q elog x
= x]
The general solution is
x × e y (cos y + sin y) = ò 1× e y (cos y + sin y) dy + C
Þ x × e y (cos y + sin y) = ò e y (sin y + cos y) dy + C
Þ x × e y (cos y + sin y) = e y sin y + C [Q ò e x {f (x ) + f ¢ (x )} dx = e x f (x )]
Þ x (sin y + cos y) = sin y + Ce - y

dy
Q. 27 Solve = cos (x + y) + sin (x + y) .
dx
dy
Sol. Given, = cos (x + y) + sin (x + y) …(i)
dx
Put x + y= z
dy dz
Þ 1+ =
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
æ dz - 1ö = cos z + sin z
ç ÷
è dx ø
dz
Þ = (cos z + sin z + 1)
dx
dz
Þ = dx
cos z + sin z + 1
 On integrating both sides, we get
dz
ò cos z + sin z + 1 = ò 1d x
dz
Þ ò 1 - tan2 z /2 2 tan z /2
= ò dx
+ +1
1 + tan2 z /2 1 + tan2 z /2
dz
Þ ò 1 - tan2 z / 2 + 2 tan z / 2 + 1 + tan2 z/2
= ò dx

(1 + tan2 z / 2 )
(1 + tan2 z / 2 ) dz
Þ ò 2 + 2 tan2 z / 2
= ò dx

sec 2 z / 2 dz
Þ ò 2 (1 + tan z / 2 ) = ò dx
Put 1 + tan z / 2 = t Þ æ 1 sec 2 z / 2 ö d z = d t
ç ÷
è2 dt ø
Þ ò t = ò dx
Þ log|t| = x + C
Þ log|1 + tan z / 2| = x + C
(x + y)
Þ log 1 + tan =x+C
2

Q. 28 Find the general solution of dy - 3 y = sin 2x.

dx
dy
Sol. Given, - 3 y = sin 2 x
dx
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = - 3, Q = sin2 x
IF = e -3 ò dx = e - 3 x
The general solution is
y . e - 3 x = ò sin2 x e - 3 x dx
I II

Let y × e - 3x = I … (i)
- 3x
\ I = òe sin2 x
II I
æ e - 3x ö æ e - 3x ö
Þ I = sin 2 x çç . ÷ - ò 2 cos 2 x ç ÷
÷ ç - 3 ÷ dx + C1
è -3 ø è ø
1 - 3x 2 - 3x
Þ I=- e sin 2 x + ò e cos 2 x dx + C1
3 3 II I

1 - 3x 2 æ e - 3x e - 3x ö
Þ I=- e sin 2 x + çç cos 2 x - ò (- 2 sin2 x ) dx ÷÷ + C1 + C 2
3 3è -3 -3 ø
1 - 3x 2 - 3x 4
Þ I=- e sin 2 x - cos 2 x e - I + C¢ [where, C ¢ = C1 + C 2 ]
3 9 9
4I 1 2
Þ I+ 2 = + e - 3 x æç - sin2 x - cos 2 x ö÷ + C ¢
9 è 3 9 ø
 13 1 2
Þ I = e - 3 x æç - sin2 x - cos 2 x ö÷ + C ¢
9 è 3 9 ø
Þ I=
9 -3x æ 1 2 ö é where C = 9C ¢ù
e ç - sin2 x - cos 2 x ÷ + C êë
13 è 3 9 ø 13 úû
3 - 3x æ 2 ö
Þ I= e ç - sin2 x - cos 2 x ÷ + C
13 è 3 ø
3 - 3 x (- 3 sin2 x - 2 cos 2 x )
Þ = e +C
13 3
e - 3x
Þ = (- 3 sin 2 x - 2 cos 2 x ) + C
13
e - 3x
Þ I=- (2 cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x ) + C
13
On substituting the value of I in Eq. (i), we get
e - 3x
y × e - 3x = - ( 2 cos 2 x + 3 sin 2 x ) + C
13
1
Þ y=- (2 cos 2 x + 3 sin 2 x ) + C e 3 x
13

Q. 29 Find the equation of a curve passing through (2, 1), if the slope of the
x2 + y 2
tangent to the curve at any point (x, y) is .
2x y
x 2 + y2
Sol. It is given that, the slope of tangent to the curve at point (x, y) is .
2 xy
æ dy ö x 2 + y2
\ ç ÷ =
è dx ø( x, y ) 2 xy
dy 1 æ x yö
Þ = ç + ÷ … (i)
dx 2 è y x ø
which is homogeneous differential equation.
Put y = vx
dy dv
Þ =v+ x
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
dv 1 æ 1
v+ x = ç + v ö÷
dx 2 è v ø
dv 1 æ 1 + v 2 ö
Þ v+ x = ç ÷
dx 2 çè v ÷ø
dv 1 + v 2
Þ x = -v
dx 2v
dv 1 + v 2 - 2 v 2
Þ x =
dx 2v
dv 1 - v 2
Þ x =
dx 2v
2v dx
Þ dv =
1 - v2 x
 On integrating both sides, we get
2v dx
ò 1 - v 2 dv = ò x
Put 1 - v 2 = t in LHS, we get
- 2 vdv = dt
dt dx
Þ -ò =ò
t x
Þ - log t = log x + log C
Þ - log (1 - v 2 ) = log x + log C
æ y2 ö
Þ - log çç 1 - 2 ÷÷ = log x + log C
è x ø
æ x 2 - y2 ö
Þ - log çç 2
÷ = log x + log C
÷
è x ø
æ x2 ö
Þ log çç 2 ÷ = log x + log C
2 ÷
èx - y ø
x2
Þ =C x …(ii)
x 2 - y2
Since, the curve passes through the point (2, 1).
(2 )2 2
\ = C (2 ) Þ C =
(2 ) - (1)2
2
3
So, the required solution is 2 (x 2 - y2 ) = 3x .

Q. 30 Find the equation of the curve through the point (1, 0), if the slope of
y -1
the tangent to the curve at any point (x, y) is .
x2 + x
y-1
Sol. It is given that, slope of tangent to the curve at any point (x, y) is 2 .
x + x
æ ö
dy y - 1
\ ç ÷ =
è dx ø( x, y ) x 2 + x
dy y-1
Þ =
dx x 2 + x
dy dx
Þ =
y - 1 x2 + x
On integrating both sides, we get
dy dx
ò y - 1 = ò x2 + x
dy dx
Þ ò y - 1 = ò x (x + 1)
dy æ1 1 ö
Þ ò y - 1 = ò ççè x -
x+
÷ dx
1 ÷ø
Þ log( y - 1) = log x - log(x + 1) + log C
æ xC ö
Þ log( y - 1) = log çç ÷÷
è x + 1ø
 Since, the given curve passes through point (1, 0).
1× C
\ 0 - 1= Þ C = -2
1+ 1
-2 x
The particular solution is y - 1=
x+1
Þ ( y - 1)(x + 1) = - 2 x
Þ ( y - 1)(x + 1) + 2 x = 0

Q. 31 Find the equation of a curve passing through origin, if the slope of the
tangent to the curve at any point (x, y) is equal to the square of the
difference of the abcissa and ordinate of the point.
dy
Sol. Slope of tangent to the curve =
dx
and difference of abscissa and ordinate = x - y
dy
According to the question, = (x - y)2 …(i)
dx
Put x - y= z
dy dz
Þ 1- =
dx dx
dy dz
Þ = 1-
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
dz
1- = z2
dx
dz
Þ 1 - z2 =
dx
dz
Þ dx =
1 - z2
On integrating both sides, we get
dz
ò dx = ò 1 - z2
1 1+ z
Þ x= log +C
2 1- z
1 1+ x - y
Þ tx = log +C ... (ii)
2 1- x + y
Since, the curve passes through the origin.
1 1+ 0 - 0
\ 0 = log +C
2 1- 0 + 0
Þ C=0
On substituting the value of C in Eq. (ii), we get
1 1+ x - y
x = log
2 1- x + y
1+ x - y
Þ 2 x = log
1- x + y
1+ x - y
Þ e 2x =
1- x + y
Þ (1 - x + y) e 2 x = 1 + x - y
Q. 32 Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (1, 1), if the
tangent drawn at any point P (x, y) on the curve meets the coordinate
axes at A and B such that P is the mid-point of AB.
Sol. The below figure obtained by the given information
(0, 2y)
B
P(
x,
y) A (2x, 0)

Let the coordinate of the point P is (x, y ). It is given that, P is mid-point of AB.
So, the coordinates of points A and B are (2 x, 0) and (0, 2 y), respectively.
0 - 2y y
\ Slope of AB = =-
2x - 0 x
Since, the segment AB is a tangent to the curve at P.
dy y
\ =-
dx x
dy dx
Þ =-
y x
On integrating both sides, we get
log y = - log x + log C
C
log y = log …(i)
x
Since, the given curve passes through (1, 1).
C
\ log 1 = log
1
Þ 0 = log C
Þ c =1
1
\ log y = log
x
1
Þ y=
x
Þ xy = 1

Q. 33 Solve x dy = y(log y - log x + 1)

dx
dy
Sol. Given, = y (log y - log x + 1)
x
dx
= ylog æç + 1ö÷
dy y
Þ x
dx èx ø
= ç log + 1ö÷
dy yæ y
Þ …(i)
dx x è x ø
which is a homogeneous equation.
y
Put = v or y = vx
x
dy dv
\ =v+ x
dx dx
 On substituting these values in Eq.(i), we get
dv
v+ x = v(log v + 1)
dx
dv
Þ x = v(log v + 1 - 1)
dx
dv
Þ x = v(log v )
dx
dv dx
Þ =
v log v x
On integrating both sides, we get
dv dx
ò v log v = ò x
On putting log v = u in LHS integral, we get
1
× dv = du
v
du dx
ò u =ò x
Þ log u = log x + log C
Þ log u = log C x
Þ u = Cx
Þ log v = Cx
log æç ö÷ = Cx
y
Þ
èx ø

Objective Type Questions

2 2
æ d2y ö æ dy ö æ dy ö
Q. 34 The degree of the differential equation çç 2 ÷÷ + ç ÷ = x sin ç ÷
è dx ø è dx ø è dx ø
is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) not defined
Sol. (d) The degree of above differential equation is not defined because when we expand
sin æç ö÷ we get an infinite series in the increasing powers of . Therefore its degree is
dy dy
è ø
dx dx
not defined.

3/2
é æ dy ö2 ù d2y
Q. 35 The degree of the differential equation ê1 + ç ÷ ú = is
êë è dx ø úû dx 2
3
(a) 4 (b) (c) not defined (d) 2
2
2 3/ 2
é dy ù d2y
Sol. (d) Given that ê1 + æç ö÷ ú =
ë è dx ø û dx 2
On squaring both sides, we get
3 2
é æ dy ö ù
2
æd2y ö
ê1 + ç ÷ ú = çç 2 ÷÷
ë è dx ø û è dx ø
So, the degree of differential equation is 2.
Q. 36 The order and degree of the differential equation
1/ 4
d2y æ dy ö
2
+ç ÷ + x 1/ 5 = 0 respectively, are
dx è ø
d x
(a) 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 3
1/ 4
d2y
+ æç ö÷
dy
Sol. (a) Given that, 2
= - x 1/ 5
dx è dx ø
1/ 4
d2y
+ æç ö÷
dy
Þ 2
= - x 1/ 5
dx è dx ø
1/ 4
æ dy ö æ d2y ö
Þ ç ÷ = - çç x 1/ 5 + ÷
è dx ø è dx 2 ÷ø
On squaring both sides, we get
1/ 2 2
æ
æ dy ö d2y ö
= çç x 1/ 5 +
ç ÷ ÷
è dx ø
è dx 2 ÷ø
Again, on squaring both sides, we have
4
dy æ 1/ 5 d 2 y ö
= çx + ÷
dx çè dx 2 ÷ø
order = 2, degree = 4

Q. 37 If y = e -x ( A cos x + B sin x), then y is a solution of

d 2y dy d2y dy
(a) 2 +2 =0 (b) -2 + 2y = 0
dx dx dx 2 dx
d 2y dy d 2y
(c) +2 + 2y = 0 (d) + 2y = 0
dx 2 dx dx 2

Sol. (c) Given that, y = e - x (A cos x + Bsin x )

On differentiating both sides w.r.t., x we get
dy
= - e - x (A cos x + Bsin x) + e - x (- A sin x + Bcos x )
dx
dy
= - y + e - x (- A sin x + Bcos x )
dx
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 y - dy
= + e - x (- cos x - Bsin x ) - e - x (- A sin x + Bcos x )
dx 2 dx
d2y
- y-é + yù
dy dy
Þ =-
dx 2 dx ëê dx ûú
d2y dy dy
Þ 2
=- - y- - y
dx dx dx
d2y dy
Þ = -2 - 2y
dx 2 dx
d2y dy
Þ +2 + 2y = 0
dx 2 dx
Q. 38 The differential equation for y = A cos a x + B sin a x, where A and B
are arbitrary constants is
d 2y d 2y
(a) - a 2y = 0 (b) + a 2y = 0
dx 2 dx 2
d 2y d 2y
(c) + ay = 0 (d) - ay = 0
dx 2 dx 2

Sol. (b) Given, y = A cos a + Bsin a

dy
Þ = - a A sin a x + a Bcos a x
dx
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
= - Aa 2 cos ax - a 2 Bsin ax
dx 2
d2y
Þ = - a 2 ( A cos ax + Bsin ax )
dx 2
d2y
Þ = - a2 y
dx 2
d2y
Þ + a2 y = 0
dx 2

Q. 39 The solution of differential equation xdy - ydx = 0 represents

(a) a rectangular hyperbola
(b) parabola whose vertex is at origin
(c) straight line passing through origin
(d) a circle whose centre is at origin
Sol. (c) Given that , xdy - ydx = 0
Þ xdy = ydx
dy dx
Þ =
y x
On integrating both sides, we get
log y = log x + log C
Þ log y = log Cx
Þ y = Cx
which is a straight line passing through origin.

Q. 40 The integrating factor of differential equation cos x dy + y sin x = 1 is

dx
(a) cos x (b) tan x (c) sec x (d) sin x
dy
Sol. (c) Given that, cos x + ysin x = 1
dx
dy
Þ + y tan x = sec x
dx
Here, P = tan x and Q = sec x
IF = e ò = eò
Pdx tan x dx
= elog sec x
\ = sec x
Q. 41 The solution of differential equation tan ysec 2 xdx + tan x sec 2 ydy = 0 is
(a) tan x + tan y = k (b) tan x - tan y = k
tan x
(c) =k (d) tan x × tan y = k
tan y
Sol. (d) Given that, tan ysec 2 x dx + tan x sec 2 ydy = 0
Þ tan sec 2 x dx = - tan x sec 2 ydy
sec 2 x -sec 2 y
Þ dx = dy …(i)
tan x tan y
On integrating both sides, we have
sec 2 x sec 2 y
ò tan x dx = - ò tan y dy
Put tanx = t in LHS integral, we get
sec 2 x dx = dt Þ sec 2 x dx = dt
and tan y = u in RHS integral, we get
sec 2 ydy = du
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
dt du
ò t =-ò u
log t = - log u + log k
Þ log(t × u ) = log k
Þ log(tan x tan y) = log k
Þ tan x tan y = k

Q. 42 The family y = Ax + A 3 of curves is represented by differential

equation of degree
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
3
Sol. (a) Given that, y = Ax + A
dy
Þ = A
dx
[we can differential above equation only once because it has only one arbitrary constant]
\ Degree = 1

Q. 43 The integrating factor of xdy - y = x 4 - 3x is

dx
1
(a) x (b) log x (c) (d) - x
dy x
Sol. (c) Given that, x - y = x 4 - 3x
dx
dy y
Þ - = x3 - 3
dx x
1
Here, P = - , Q = x3 - 3
x
1
-ò dx
IF = e ò = e - log x
Pdx
\ =e x

1
=
x
Q. 44The solution of dy - y = 1, y(0) = 1 is given by
dx
(a) xy = - ex (b) xy = - e- x
(c) xy = - 1 (d) y = 2ex - 1
Sol. (b) Given that,
dy
- y=1
dx
dy
Þ = 1+ y
dx
dy
Þ = dx
1+ y
On integrating both sides, we get
log(1 + y) = x + C ...(i)
When x = 0 and y = 1, then
log 2 = 0 + c
Þ C = log 2
The required solution is
log (1 + y) = x + log 2
1+ yö
Þ logæç ÷=x
è 2 ø
1+ y
Þ = ex
2
Þ 1 + y = 2e x
Þ y = 2e x - 1

y +1
Q. 45 The number of solutions of dy = , when y(1) = 2 is
dx x -1
(a) none (b) one (c) two (d) infinite
dy y+1
Sol. (b) Given that, =
dx x -1
dy dx
Þ =
y+1 x -1
On integrating both sides, we get
log( y + 1) = log(x - 1) - log C
C( y + 1) = (x - 1)
x -1
Þ C=
y+1
When x = 1and y = 2, then C = 0
So, the required solution is x - 1 = 0.
Hence, only one solution exist.

Q. 46 Which of the following is a second order differential equation?

(a) (y ¢ ) 2 + x = y 2 (b) y ¢ y ¢¢ + y = sin x
(c) y ¢¢¢ + (y ¢¢ ) 2 + y = 0 (d) y ¢ = y 2
Sol. (b) The second order differential equation is y ¢ y ¢¢+ y = sin x .
 dy
Q. 47 The integrating factor of differential equation (1 - x 2 ) - xy = 1 is
dx
x 1
(a) - x (b) (c) 1 - x 2 (d) log(1 - x 2)
1+ x2 2
dy
Sol. (c) Given that, (1 - x 2 ) - xy = 1
dx
dy x 1
Þ - y=
dx 1 - x 2 1 - x2
which is a linear differential equation.
x
-ò dx
1 - x2
\ IF = e
dt
Put 1 - x 2 = t Þ - 2xdx = dt Þ xdx = -
2
1 dt 1 1
òt log t log( 1 - x 2 )
Now, IF = e 2 = e2 = e2 = 1 - x2

Q. 48 tan -1 x + tan -1 y = C is general solution of the differential equation

2 2
dy 1 + y dy 1 + x
(a) = (b) =
dx 1 + x 2 dx 1 + y 2

(c) (1 + x 2)dy + (1 + y 2)dx = 0 (d) (1 + x 2)dx + (1 + y 2)dy = 0

Sol. (c) Given that, tan-1 x + tan-1 y = C
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1 1 dy
+ × =0
1 + x 2 1 + y2 dx
1 dy 1
Þ × =-
1 + y2 dx 1 + x2
Þ (1 + x 2 ) d y + (1 + y2 ) dx = 0

Q. 49 The differential equation y dy + x = C represents

dx
(a) family of hyperbolas (b) family of parabolas
(c) family of ellipses (d) family of circles
Sol. (d) dy
Given that, + x =C
y
dx
dy
Þ y =C - x
dx
Þ yd y = (C - x ) d x
On integrating both sides, we get
y2 x2
= Cx - + K
2 2
x2 y2
Þ + = Cx + K
2 2
x2 y2
Þ + - Cx = K
2 2
which represent family of circles.
Q. 50 The general solution of e x cos ydx - e x sin ydy = 0 is
(a) ex cos y = k (b) ex sin y = k
(c) ex = k cos y (d) ex = k sin y
Sol. (a) Given that, e x cos ydx - e x sin ydy = 0
Þ e x cos ydx = e x sin ydy
dx
Þ = tan y
dy
Þ dx = tan ydy
On integrating both sides, we get
x = log sec y + C
Þ x - C = log sec y
Þ sec y = e x - C
Þ sec y = e xe - C
1 ex
Þ = C
cos y e
Þ e x cos y = eC
Þ e x cos y = K [where, K = eC ]

2 3
æ dy ö
Q. 51 The degree of differential equation d 2
y
+ ç ÷ + 6 y 5 = 0 is
dx è dx ø
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
3
d2y
+ æç ö÷ + 6 y5 = 0
dy
Sol. (a)
dx 2 è dx ø
We know that, the degree of a differential equation is exponent heighest of order
derivative.
\ Degree = 1

Q. 52 The solution of dy + y = e - x , y(0) = 0 is

dx
(a) y = ex ( x - 1) (b) y = xe- x
(c) y = xe-x + 1 (d) y = ( x + 1) e-x
dy
Sol. (b) Given that, + y = e -x
dx
Here, P = 1, Q = e - x
IF = e ò =eò
Pd x d x
= ex
The general solution is
y × e x = ò e - x e xdx + C
Þ y × e x = ò dx + C
Þ y×ex = x + C ...(i)
When x = 0 and y = 0, then
0=0+C Þ C =0
Eq. (i) becomes y×ex = x
Þ y = x e- x
 dy
Q. 53The integrating factor of differential equation + y tan x - sec x = 0
dx
is
(a) cos x (b) sec x (c) ecos x (d) esec x
dy
Sol. (b) Given that, + y tan x - sec x = 0
dx
Here, P = tan x,Q = sec x
IF = e ò = eò
Pdx tan x dx

= e(log sec x )
= sec x

1 + y2
Q. 54 The solution of differential equation dy = is
dx 1 + x2
(a) y = tan -1 x (b) y - x = k(1 + xy)
(c) x = tan -1 y (d) tan( xy) = k
dy 1 + y2
Sol. (b) Given that, =
dx 1 + x 2
dy dx
Þ =
1 + y2 1 + x 2
On integrating both sides, we get
tan-1 y = tan-1 x + C
Þ tan-1 y - tan-1 x = C
æ y-x ö
Þ tan-1 çç ÷÷ = C
è 1 + xy ø
y-x
Þ = tan C
1 + xy
Þ y - x = tan c(1 + x y)
Þ y - x = K (1 + x y)
where, k = tan C

1+ y
Q. 55 The integrating factor of differential equation dy +y= is
dx x
x ex
(a) (b) (c) xex (d) ex
ex x
dy 1+ y
Sol. (b) Given that, + y=
dx x
dy 1 + y
Þ = - y
dx x
dy 1 + y - xy
Þ =
dx x
dy 1 y (1 - x )
Þ = +
dx x x
dy æ 1 - x ö 1
Þ -ç ÷ y=
dx è x ø x
 - (1 - x ) 1
Here, P= ,Q =
x x
1- x x -1
-ò dx ò dx
IF = e ò
Pdx
=e x =e x

æ 1ö
ò çè 1 - x ÷ø dx
=e
= eò
x - log x

æ1ö
log ç ÷
= ex ×e èxø

1
= ex ×
x

Q. 56 y = ae mx + be - mx satisfies which of the following differential

equation?
dy dy
(a) + my = 0 (b) - my = 0
dx dx
d 2y d 2y
(c) - m 2y = 0 (d) + m 2y = 0
dx 2 dx 2
Sol. (c) Given that, y = ae mx + be - mx
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
= mae mx - bme - mx
dx
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
= m2 ae mx + bm2e - mx
dx 2
d2y
Þ = m2 (ae mn + be - mn )
dx 2
d2y
Þ = m2 y
dx 2
d2y
Þ - m2 y = 0
dx 2

Q. 57 The solution of differential equation cos x sin ydx + sin x cos ydy = 0 is
sin x
(a) =C (b) sin x sin y = C
sin y
(c) sin x + sin y = C (d) cos x cos y = C
Sol. (b) Given differential equation is
cos x sin ydx + sin x cos ydy = 0
Þ cos x sin ydx = - sin x cos ydy
cos x cos y
Þ dx = - dy
sin x sin y
Þ cot x dx = - cot ydy
On integrating both sides, we get
logsin x = - logsin y + log C
Þ logsin x sin y = log C
Þ sin x × sin y = C
 dy
Q. 58 The solution of x + y = e x is
dx
ex k ey k
(a) y = + (b) y = xex + Cx (c) y = xex + k (d) x = +
x x y y
dy
Sol. (a) Given that, x + y = ex
dx
dy y ex
Þ + =
dx x x
which is a linear differential equation.
1
ò x dx
\ IF = e = e(log x ) = x
æd x ö
The general solution is y × x = ò çç × x ÷÷ d x
è x ø
Þ y × x = ò e xdx
Þ y× x = ex + k
ex k
Þ y= +
x x

Q. 59 The differential equation of the family of curves x 2 + y 2 - 2ay = 0,

where a is arbitrary constant, is
dy dy
(a) ( x 2 - y 2 ) = 2xy (b) 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) = xy
dx dx
dy dy
(c) 2 ( x 2 - y 2 ) = xy (d) ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 2xy
dx dx
Sol. (a) Given equation of curve is
x 2 + y2 - 2 ay = 0
x 2 + y2
Þ = 2a
y
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
æ d yö dy
y çç 2 x + 2 y ÷÷ - (x 2 + y2 )
è d x ø dx
=0
y2
dy dy
Þ 2 xy + 2 y2 - ( x 2 + y2 ) =0
dx dx
dy
Þ (2 y2 - x 2 - y2 ) = - 2 xy
dx
dy
Þ ( y2 - x 2 ) = - 2 xy
dx
dy
Þ ( x 2 - y2 ) = 2 xy
dx

Q. 60 The family Y = Ax + A 3 of curves will correspond to a differential

equation of order
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) not defined
Sol. (c) Given family of curves is y = Ax + A 3 ...(i)
dy
Þ = A
dx
dy
Replacing A by in Eq. (i), we get
dx
dy æ dy ö 3
y=x + ç ÷
dx è dx ø
\ Order = 1

Q. 61 The general solution of dy

2
-y
= 2x e x is
dx
2 2
(a) ex - y = C (b) e- y + ex = C
2 2
(c) ey = ex + C (d) ex + y = C
Sol. (c) dy 2 2
Given that, = 2 x e x - y = 2 x e x × e -y
dx
dy 2
Þ ey = 2x ex
dx
2
Þ e y dy = 2 x e x dx
On integrating both sides, we get
y 2
òe d y = 2 ò xe x d x
Put x 2 = t in RHS integral, we get
2x dx = dt
y t
òe dy = ò e dt
Þ e y = et + C
2
Þ ey = ex + C

Q. 62 The curve for which the slope of the tangent at any point is equal to
the ratio of the abcissa to the ordinate of the point is
(a) an ellipse (b) parabola
(c) circle (d) rectangular hyperbola
dy
Sol. (d) Slope of tangent to the curve =
dx
x
and ratio of abscissa to the ordinate =
y
dy x
According to the question, =
dx y
yd y = x d x
On integrating both sides, we get
y2 x 2
= +C
2 2
y2 x 2
Þ - = C Þ y2 - x 2 = 2C
2 2
which is an equation of rectangular hyperbola.
 x2
dy
Q. 63 The general solution of differential equation =e 2 + xy is
dx
2 2
(a) y = Ce-x / 2 (b) y = C ex / 2
2 2
(c) y = ( x + C) ex / 2 (d) y = (C - x) ex / 2
dy 2
Sol. (c) Given that, = e x / 2 + xy
dx
dy 2
Þ - xy = e x / 2
dx
2
/2
Here, P = - x, Q = e x
\ IF = e ò - x dx = e -x
2
/2

The general solution is

2 2 2
y × e -x /2
= ò e -x /2
- ex /2
dx + C
-x 2 / 2
Þ ye = ò 1d x + C
2
Þ y × e -x /2
=x+C
2 2
Þ y = x ex /2
+ C e+ x /2

2
/2
Þ y = (x + C ) e x

Q. 64 The solution of equation (2 y - 1) dx - (2x + 3) dy = 0 is

2x - 1 2y + 1
(a) =k (b) =k
2y + 3 2x - 3
2x + 3 2x - 1
(c) =k (d) =k
2y - 1 2y - 1

Sol. (c) Given that, (2 y -1) dx - (2 x + 3)d y = 0

Þ (2 y - 1) dx = (2 x + 3) dy
dx dy
Þ =
2x + 3 2 y - 1
On integrating both sides, we get
1 1
log (2 x + 3) = log (2 y - 1) + log C
2 2
1
Þ [log × (2 x + 3) - log (2 y - 1)] = log C
2
1 æ 2x + 3 ö
Þ log çç ÷÷ = log C
2 è 2y - 1 ø
1/ 2
æ 2x + 3 ö
Þ çç ÷÷ = C
è 2y - 1 ø
2x + 3
Þ = C2
2y - 1
2x + 3
Þ = k , where K = C 2
2y - 1
Q. 65 The differential equation for which y = a cos x + b sin x is a solution,
is
d 2y d 2y
(a) + y =0 (b) -y =0
dx 2 dx 2
d 2y d 2y
(c) 2 + ( a + b) y = 0 (d) 2 + ( a - b) y = 0
dx dx
Sol. (a) Given that, y = a cos x + b sin x
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
= - a sin x + b cos x
dx
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
= - a sin x + b cos x
dx 2
d2y
Þ =- y
dx 2
d2y
Þ + y=0
dx 2

dy
Q. 66 The solution of + y = e - x , y (0) = 0 is
dx
(a) y = e-x ( x -1) (b) y = xex
(c) y = xe-x + 1 (d) y = xe- x
dy
Sol. (d) Given that, + y = e -x
dx
which is a linear differential equation.
Here, P = 1and Q = e - x
IF = e ò = e x
dx

The general solution is

y × e x = ò e - x × e x dx + C
Þ y e x = ò dx + C
Þ y ex = x + C ...(i)
When x = 0 and y = 0 then,0 = 0 + C Þ C = 0
Eq. (i) becomes y × e x = x Þ y = x e - x

Q. 67 The order and degree of differential equation

2 4
æ d 3y ö d2y æ dy ö
ç ÷ -3 + 2 ç ÷ = y 4 are
ç dx 3 ÷ 2
è d x ø
è ø d x
(a) 1, 4 (b) 3, 4 (c) 2, 4 (d) 3, 2
2 4
æd3y ö d2y
ç 3 ÷ - 3 2 + 2 æç ö÷ = y4
dy
Sol. (d) Given that, ç dx ÷
è ø dx è dx ø
\ Order = 3
and degree = 2
 é 2ù
d2y
Q. 68 The order and degree of differential equation ê1 + æç dy ö÷ ú = are
êë è dx ø úû dx 2
3
(a) 2, (b) 2, 3 (c) 2, 1 (d) 3, 4
2
é æ dy ö ù d y
2 2
Sol. (c) Given that, ê1 + ç ÷ ú =
ë è dx ø û dx 2
\ Order = 2 and degree = 1

Q. 69 The differential equation of family of curves y 2 = 4a (x + a) is

dy æ dy ö dy
(a) y 2 = 4 çx + ÷ (b) 2y = 4a
dx è dx ø dx
2 2
d 2y æ dy ö dy æ dy ö
(c) y + ç ÷ =0 (d) 2x + y ç ÷ -y =0
dx 2 è dx ø dx è dx ø
Sol. (d) Given that, y 2 = 4 a ( x + a) .. (i)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy
2y = 4a Þ 2 y = 4a
dx dx
dy 1 dy
Þ y = 2a Þ a = y ...(ii)
dx 2 dx
On putting the value of a from Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i), we get
dy æ 1 dy ö
y2 = 2 y çx + y ÷
dx è 2 dx ø
2
+ y2 æç ö÷
dy dy
Þ y2 = 2 xy
dx è dx ø
2
+ y æç ö÷ - y = 0
dy dy
Þ 2x
dx è dx ø

Q. 70 Which of the following is the general solution of

d2y dy
2
-2 + y =0?
dx dx
(a) y = ( Ax + B ) e x (b) y = ( Ax + B ) e- x
(c) y = Aex + Be-x (d) y = A cos x + B sin x
d2y dy
Sol. (a) Given that, -2 + y=0
dx 2 dx
D2 y - 2 Dy + y = 0,
d
where D=
dx
(D2 - 2 D + 1) y = 0
The auxiliary equation is m2 - 2 m + 1 = 0
(m - 1)2 = 0 Þ m = 1, 1
Since, the roots are real and equal.
\ CF = ( A x + B )e x Þ y = ( Ax + B) e x
[since, if roots of Auxilliary equation are real and equal say (m) , then CF = (C1 x + C 2 ) e m x ]
Q. 71 The general solution of dy + y tan x = sec x is
dx
(a) y sec x = tan x + C (b) y tan x = sec x + C
(c) tan x = y tan x + C (d) x sec x = tan y + C
Sol. (a) Given differential equation is
dy
+ y tan x = sec x
dx
which is a linear differential equation
Here, P = tanx , Q = sec x,
IF = e ò
tan x d x
\ = elog | sec x|
= sec x
The general solution is
y × sec x = ò sec x × sec x + C
Þ y × sec x = ò sec 2 x dx + C
Þ y × sec x = tan x + C

Q. 72 The solution of differential equation dy +

y
= sin x is
dx x
(a) x (y + cos x) = sin x + C (b) x (y - cos x) = sin x + C
(c) xy cos x = sin x + C (d) x (y + cos x) = cos x + C
Sol. (a) Given differential equation is
dy 1
+ y = sin x
dx x
which is linear differential equation.
1
Here, P = and Q = sin x
x
1
ò x dx
\ IF = e = elog x
=x
The general solution is
y × x = ò x × sin x dx + C ...(i)
Take I = ò x sin x dx

- x cos x - ò - cos x dx
= - x cos x + sin x
Put the value of I in Eq. (i), we get
xy = - x cos x + sin x + C
Þ x ( y + cos x ) = sin x + C

Q. 73 The general solution of differential equation

(e x + 1) ydy = ( y + 1) e x dx is
(a) ( y + 1) = k ( ex + 1) (b) y + 1 = ex + 1 + k
ì ex + 1ü
(c) y = log {k (y + 1) ( ex + 1)} (d) y = log í ý+ k
î y +1þ
Sol. (c) Given differential equation
(e x + 1) ydy = ( y + 1) e x dx
dy e x (1 + y) dx (e x + 1) y
Þ = x Þ =
dx (e + 1)y dy e x (1 + y)
dx ex y y
Þ = x +
dy e (1 + y) e x (1 + y)
dx y y
Þ = +
dy 1 + y (1 + y) e x
dx y æ 1 ö
Þ = ç1 + x ÷
dy 1 + y è e ø
dx y æ ex + 1ö
Þ = çç x
÷÷
dy 1 + y è e ø
æ y ö æ ex ö
Þ çç ÷÷ dy = çç x ÷÷ dx
è 1+ y ø è e + 1ø
On integrating both sides, we get
y ex
ò 1 + y dy = ò 1 + e x dx
1+ y - 1 ex
Þ ò 1+ y
dy = ò
1 + ex
dx

1 ex
Þ ò 1 dy - ò 1 + y
dy = ò 1 + e x dx
Þ y - log|(1 + y) = log|(1 + e x ) + log k
Þ y = log (1 + y) + log (1 + e x ) + log (k )
Þ y = log {k (1 + y) (1 + e x )}

dy
Q. 74 The solution of differential equation = e x -y + x 2 e - y is
dx
x3
(a) y = ex - y - x 2 e- y + C (b) ey - ex = +C
3
x3 x3
(c) ex + ey = +C (d) ex - ey = +C
3 3
dy
Sol. (b) Given that, = e x - y + x 2 e -y
dx
dy
Þ = e xe - y + x 2 e - y
dx
dy e x + x 2
Þ =
dx ey
Þ e dy = (e + x 2 ) dx
y x

On integrating both sides, we get

y
òe dy = ò (e x + x 2 ) dx
x3
Þ ey = ex+ +C
3
x3
Þ ey - ex = +C
3
 dy 2xy 1
Q. 75 The solution of differential equation + = is
dx 1 +x 2 (1 + x 2 )2
y
(a) y (1 + x 2 ) = C + tan -1 x (b) = C + tan -1 x
1+ x2
(c) y log (1 + x 2) = C + tan -1 x (d) y (1 + x 2) = C + sin -1 x
dy 2 xy 1
Sol. (a) Given that, + =
dx 1 + x 2 (1 + x 2 )2
2x 1
Here, P= and Q =
1 + x2 (1 + x 2 )2
which is a linear differential equation.
2x
ò1+ x2
dx
\ IF = e
Put 1 + x 2 = t Þ 2x dx = dt
dt
ò x2)
\ IF = e t = elog t = elog ( 1 + = 1 + x2
The general solution is
1
y × (1 + x 2 ) = ò (1 + x 2 ) +C
(1 + x 2 )2
1
Þ y (1 + x 2 ) = ò 1 + x 2 dx + C
Þ y (1 + x 2 ) = tan-1 x + C

Fillers
d2 y
Q. 76 (i) The degree of the differential equation
2
+ e dy / dx = 0 is ....... .
dx
2
æ dy ö
(ii) The degree of the differential equation 1 + ç ÷ = x is ........ .
è dx ø
(iii) The number of arbitrary constants in the general solution of a
differential equation of order three is ....... .
dy y 1
(iv) + = is an equation of the type ........ .
dx x log x x
(v) General solution of the differential equation of the type
is given by ........ .
xdy
(vi) The solution of the differential equation + 2 y = x 2 is ........ .
dx
2 dy 2
(vii) The solution of (1 + x ) + 2xy - 4x = 0 is ........ .
dx
 (viii) The solution of the differential equation ydx + ( x + xy) dy = 0 is
...... .
dy
(ix) General solution of + y = sin x is ....... .
dx
(x) The solution of differential equation cot y dx = xdy is ....... .
dy 1+ y
(xi) The integrating factor of +y= is ......... .
dx x
Sol. (i) Given differential equation is
dy
d2 y
+ e dx = 0
dx 2
Degree of this equation is not defined.
2
(ii) Given differential equation is 1 + æç ö÷ = x
dy
è dx ø
So, degree of this equation is two.
(iii) There are three arbitrary constants.
dy y 1
(iv) Given differential equation is + =
dx x log x x
dy
The equation is of the type + Py = Q
dx
(v) Given differential equation is
dx
+ P1 x = Q1
dy
The general solution is
x × IF = ò Q ( IF ) dy + C i .e., x e ò = ò Q {e ò } d y + C
Pdy Pd y

(vi) Given differential equation is

dy dy 2 y
x + 2 y = x2 Þ + =x
dx dx x
dy
This equation of the form + Py = Q.
dx
2
ò x dx
\ IF = e = e 2 log x
= x2
The general solution is
yx 2 = ò x × x 2 dx + C

x4
Þ yx 2 = +C
4
x2
Þ y= + Cx -2
4
(vii) Given differential equation is
dy
(1 + x 2 ) + 2 xy - 4x 2 = 0
dx
dy 2 xy 4x 2
Þ + 2
- =0
dx 1 + x 1 + x2
 dy 2x 4x 2
Þ + 2
y=
dx 1 + x 1 + x2
2x
ò 1 + x2
dx
\ IF = e
Put 1 + x 2 = t Þ 2xdx = dt
dt
ò log ( 1 + x 2 )
\ IF = e t = elog t = e = 1 + x2
The general solution is
.4x 2
y × (1 + x 2 ) = ò (1 + x 2 ) dx + C
(1 + x 2 )
Þ (1 + x 2 ) y = ò 4x 2 dx + C

x3
Þ (1 + x 2 )y = 4 +C
3
4x 3
Þ y= + C (1 + x 2 )-1
3(1 + x 2 )
(viii) Given differential equation is
Þ ydx + (x + xy) dy = 0
Þ ydx + x (1 + y) d y = 0
dx æ1 + y ö
Þ = ç ÷ dy
-x è y ø
1 æ1 ö
Þ ò x dx = - ò çè y + 1÷ø dy [on integrating]

Þ log (x ) = - log ( y) - y + log A

log (x ) + log ( y) + y = log A
log (xy) + y = log A
Þ log xy + log e y = log A
Þ xy e y = A
Þ xy = Ae - y
(ix) Given differential equation is
dy
+ y = sin x
dx
IF = ò e1dx = e x
The general solution is
y × e x = ò e x sin x dx + C ...(i)
Let I = ò e sin x dx
x

I = sin x e x - ò cos x e x dx
= sin x e x - cos x e x + ò (- sin x ) e x dx
2I = e x (sin x - cos x )
1
I = e x (sin x - cos x )
2
 From Eq. (i),
x
y× ex = (sin x - cos x ) + C
2
1
Þ y = (sin x - cos x ) + C × e - x
2
(x) Given differential equation is
cot y dx = xdy
1
Þ dx = tan y dy
x
On integrating both sides, we get
1
Þ ò x dx = ò tan y d y
Þ log (x ) = log (sec y) + log C
æ x ö
Þ log çç ÷÷ = log C
è sec y ø
x
Þ =C
sec y
Þ x = C sec y
(xi) Given differential equation is
dy 1+ y
+ y=
dx x
dy 1 y
+ y= +
dx x x
1 1
+ y æç 1 - ö÷ =
dy
Þ
dx è x ø x
æ 1ö
ò çè 1 - x ÷ø dx
\ IF = e
= e x - log x
ex
= e x × e - log x
=
x

True/False
Q. 77 State True or False for the following
dx
(i) Integrating factor of the differential of the form + P1 x = Q 1 is
dy
given by e ò 1 .
P dy

dx
(ii) Solution of the differential equation of the type + P1 x = Q 1 is
dy
given by x × IF = ò (IF) ´ Q 1 dy.
 (iii) Correct substitution for the solution of the differential equation of
dy
the type = f (x, y), where f (x, y) is a homogeneous function of
dx
zero degree is y = vx.
(iv) Correct substitution for the solution of the differential equation of
dy
the type = g (x, y), where g (x, y) is a homogeneous function of
dx
the degree zero is x = vy.
(v) Number of arbitrary constants in the particular solution of a
differential equation of order two is two.
(vi) The differential equation representing the family of circles
x 2 + ( y - a)2 = a2 will be of order two.
1/ 3
dy æ y ö
(vii) The solution of =ç ÷ is y 2/ 3 - x 2 / 3 = c
dx è x ø
(viii) Differential equation representing the family of curves
d2 y dy
y = e x (A cos x + B sin x) is -2 + 2 y = 0.
2 dx
dx
dy x + 2 y
(ix) The solution of the differential equation = is x + y = kx 2 .
dx x
xdy y æ yö
(x) Solution of = y + x tan is sin ç ÷ = c x
dx x èxø
(xi) The differential equation of all non horizontal lines in a plane is
d2x
= 0.
dy 2
Sol. (i) True
Given differential equation,
dx
+ P1 x = Q1
dy
IF = e ò
p1dy
\
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False
There is no arbitrary constant in the particular solution of a differential equation.
(vi) False
We know that, order of the differential equation = number of arbitrary constant
Here, number of arbitrary constant = 1.
So order is one.
(vii) True
1/ 3
dy æ y ö
Given differential equation, =ç ÷
dx è x ø
dy y1/ 3
Þ = 1/ 3
dx x
Þ y- 1/ 3 dy = x -1/ 3 dx
On integrating both sides, we get
-1/ 3 -1/ 3
ò y dy = ò x dx
y-1/ 3 + 1 x -1/ 3 + 1
Þ = + C¢
-1 -1
+1 +1
3 3
3 2/ 3 3 2/ 3
Þ y = x + C¢
2 2
Þ y2 / 3 - x 2 / 3 = C ¢ é where, 2 C ¢ = C ù
êë 3 úû

(viii) True
Given that, y = e x ( A cos x + B sin x )
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
= e x (- A sin x + Bcos x ) + e x ( A cos x + Bsin x )
dx
dy
Þ - y = e x (- A sin x + Bcos x )
dx
Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 y dy
- = e x (- A cos x - Bsin x ) + e x (- A sin x + Bcos x )
dx 2 dx
d 2 y dy dy
Þ - + y= -y
dx 2 dx dx
d2y dy
Þ -2 + 2y = 0
dx 2 dx
(ix) True
dy x + 2 y dy 2
Given that, = Þ = 1+ .y
dx x dx x
dy 2
Þ - y=1
dx x
-2
dx
IF = e x = e -2 log x
= x -2
The differential solution,
y × x -2 = ò x -2 × 1d x + k
y x -2 + 1
Þ = + k
x 2
-2 + 1
y -1
Þ = + k
x2 x
Þ y = - x + kx 2
Þ x + y = kx 2
(x) True
Given differential equation,
= y + x tan æç ö÷
xdy y
dx èx ø
= + tan ç ö÷. æ
dy y y
Þ …(i)
dx x èx ø
y
Put = v i .e., y = vx
x
dy xdv
Þ =v+
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
xdv
+ v = v + tan v
dx
dx dv
Þ =
x tan v
On integrating both sides, we get
1 1
ò x dx = ò tan v dx
Þ log (x ) = log (sin v ) + log C ¢
æ x ö
Þ log çç ÷÷ = log C ¢
è sin v ø
x
Þ = C¢
sin v

Þ sin v = Cx é where, C = 1 ù
êë C ¢úû
y
Þ sin = Cx
x
(xi) True
Let any non-horizontal line in a plane is given by
y = mx + c
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
=m
dx
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
=0
dx 2