7

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 9:
The Distance
DISTANCE Formula
FORMULA
and AND
Midpoint Formula
ITS APPLICATION
 Lesson
The Distance Formula and
1 the Midpoint Formula

OVERVIEW

Lesson 1 of this module discusses the key concepts of coordinate geometry

particularly in deriving the distance formula and the midpoint formula. These topics
need you to perform various activities applying the knowledge and skills you have
learned in mathematics.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. derive the distance formula;
2. find the distance between a pair of points on the coordinate plan;
3. apply the distance formula in finding solutions to real life situations;
4. familiarize the midpoint formula;
5. determine the coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment on the
coordinate plane using the midpoint formula; and
6. find the coordinates of the other endpoint of a line segment when the midpoint and
the coordinates of one point are given.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is/are the formula/s for finding the distance between
two points on the coordinate plane?
i. d = |𝑥2 − 𝑥1 |
ii. d = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
iii. d = |𝑦2 − 𝑦1 |
iv. d = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

A. i and iii B. ii only C. i, iii and iv D. iv only

2. What is the length of a line segment whose endpoints are F(-4, 6) and G(6,13)?
A. 13 B. 12.21 C. 7.28 D. 8.25

3. Which of the following are the coordinates of B, if the distance between B

and D is 17 units and the coordinates of D are (-8, 5)?
A. (-10, 2) B. (10, -2) C. (-7, 3) D. (7, -3)

4. Tanacio Minimart is mapped on the coordinate grid with the main entrance
as the origin. If the bakeshop is also located at point (5, -8), what is the
distance between the main entrance and the bakeshop?
A. √39 B. 13 C. √89 D. 3

1
5. Points P and C are points on the coordinate plane as shown in the figure
below.
y

P C

If the coordinates of P and C are (-1, 2) and (8, 2), respectively, which of the
following would give the correct distance between these two points?

A. |8 − (−1)| B. |8 − 1| C. |−1 − 7| D. |1 − 8|

6. What is the distance between the two points in the figure?

y

(4, 6)

(-4, 2)

A. 10.20 B. 8 C. 4 D. 8.94

7. Rhina decided to print her research project in a computer shop. She then
prepares a grid representing the location of the four computer shops in the
town as shown below. If Rhina’s house is located at the origin, what is the
nearest computer shop for her?

A. Wenz B. Xyle ‘C. Yack D. Zun

y

Zun (-2, 3)
Xyle (4, 2)

Wenz (-2, -2) Yack (5, -2)

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8. Which of the following represents the midpoint M of a segment whose
endpoints are Q(7, 10) and R(-3, 4)?
7−(−3) 10−4 7+10 (−3) +4
A. M = , B. M = ,
2 2 2 2

7+(−3) 10+4 7− 10 (−3)−4

C. M = , D. M = ,
2 2 2 2

9. Which of the following is true about the distances of A, B and C, if B is the

̅̅̅̅ ?
midpoint of 𝐴𝐶
A B C

A. AB = BC B. 2|𝐴𝐶 | = AB + BC
C. AB = AC D. BC = AC

10. What are the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment whose endpoints
are (-1, -5) and (7, 5)?
A. (-3, 0) B.(-3, 10) C.(3, 0) D.(3, -10)

In the next section, you will be assessing your knowledge and skills
of the different mathematical concepts previously learned particularly in
performing mathematical operations. These knowledge and skills will help
you understand the distance formula and its applications to real life situation.
You will perform a series of activities. If you encountered difficulty in the
exercises, ask assistance from your teacher or peers. Also, you may refer to
the preceding modules to review the concepts.

PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
Activity 1. What’s my Length?
Below is a number line, find the length of the indicated segments and answer the
questions that follow.
P Q R S T V

̅̅̅̅̅
1. PQ ̅̅̅̅
4. ST
2. ̅̅̅̅
QR ̅̅̅̅̅
5. TV
3. ̅̅̅̅
RS 6. ̅̅̅̅̅
RT

Questions:
1. How did you find the length of each segment ?

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2. Did you use the coordinates of points in finding the length of each segment? If yes,
how?
̅̅̅̅̅ the same as the length of ̅̅̅̅̅
3. Is the length of QR ̅̅̅̅ and SR
RQ ? How about RS ̅̅̅̅? Explain
your answer.

Was it easy for you to find the length of each segment? I am sure it
was! What is the significance of this activity to the new lesson? Let us find
out as we keep doing this module.

Activity 2. Jog to Catch Them Up!

Consider the scenario below and answer each question that follow.
Robert was advised to jog everyday by his doctor because of his health condition. With
this jog routine activity, he decided that his route will start from his house passing
through the market then to the plaza and finally to the coffee shop as illustrated in the
given figure.
y

Robert’s House

Plaza Coffee Shop

Market

1. What are the coordinates corresponding to Robert’s house, Plaza, Market and
Coffee shop?
2. Connect the points representing Robert’s house (R), Plaza (P) and Coffee Shop
(C). What kind of triangle is formed?
3. By using the coordinates, how do you determine the horizontal distance from P
to C or to P? How about the vertical distance from R to P or P to R?
4. How about the distance from Robert’s house (R) to Coffee Shop (C)? What
equation or formula will you use to solve for its distance?

How did you find the activity? Were you able to give the coordinates
of a point on the coordinate plane? How about finding the distance
between two objects or places? Can you still remember the process in
finding the distance between any two objects? By taking into account the
next activity, you will find out how the distance formula be derived.

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PRESENTATION
Activity 3. Let Me Figure Out

Look at the figure below, replace the coordinates of C by (x1, y1) and R by
(x2, y2). The resulting coordinates of P is (x2, y1).
y

R (x2 , y2)
2)

C (x1 , y1)
P (x2 , y1)
22)
22)

The horizontal distance from P to C is the same as the distance from C to P

while the vertical distance from R to P is the same as the distance from P to R. More-
over, the expressions that represent the horizontal distance between points P and C
is the absolute value of the difference of their x-coordinates while the vertical distance
between points P and R is the absolute value of the difference of their y-coordinates.
In symbols, we have, PC =|x1 – x2| or |x2 – x1| and RP =|y1 – y2| or |y2 – y1|.
Furthermore, the horizontal and the vertical distances of PC and RP,
respectively, can be illustrated as follows:
R(x2 , y2)
y2 – y1

P(x2 , y1) C(x1 , y1)

x2 – x1 2)

Question:
̅̅̅̅ and PC
1. By using the given length of RP ̅̅̅̅ in the illustration above, how is
̅̅̅̅
the length of the diagonal distance RC computed?
2. What do you think is the formula or equation to be used in finding the
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distance between any two points? Explain.
 With the illustrations and the activities presented, you were able to
figure out the distance formula and consequently, find the distance between
any two points using the method you learned. Now, how does the distance
formula facilitate in solving real-life problems? You will find it out as you
continue getting through this module.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Distance between Two Points

The distance between two points is always positive when the two points are
different, and zero if the points are the same. When the two points are aligned
horizontally, the distance between them can be obtained by getting the absolute value
of the difference of their x-coordinates. Similarly, the distance between two points that
are aligned vertically can be solved by getting the absolute value of the difference of
their y-coordinates.
Example 1. Find the distance between V(1, 3) and W(8, 3).
y

Solutions:

V W

Notice that both V and W have the y-coordinate of 3. In such case the two
points are aligned horizontally and are having horizontal distance. Thus, VW =
|8 − 1| = 7 or VW = 7.
Example 2. Determine the distance between Q(3, -2) and S(3, 6).
y
Solutions:
S

Q
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 Observe that both points Q and S have exactly the same x- coordinate of 3.
Hence, they are aligned vertically and are having the vertical distance. Thus,
QS=|6(−2)|= |6 + 2| = 6 or QS = 8.

Take note that QS refers to “the distance from Q to S”.

The Distance Formula

The distance between any two points in the coordinate plane can be solved
using the distance formula, whether or not they are aligned vertically or horizontally.
Consider the two points A and B with coordinates (x1, y1) and (x2, y2),
respectively. The distance d between these points can be calculated using the
distance formula, d = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 or AB = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2.
y

B(x2, y2)

A(x1, y1)

Example 1: Find the distance between A(2, 3) and B(8, 8).

Solutions: The following can be the steps in finding the distance between
A and B.
Step 1. Assign values for x1 , y1 , x2 , and y2 based on the coordinates of
the given points A and B. So, let x1 = 2 , y1 = 3 , x2 = 8 and y2 = 8.
Step 2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 in the
distance formula AB = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2. That is,
AB = √ (8 − 2)2 + (8 − 3 )2
Step 3. Simplify the resulting equation obtained in step 2.
AB = √ (8 − 2)2 + (8 − 3 )2
= √ (6)2 + (5)2
= √ 36 + 25
= √ 61
≈ 7.81
Therefore, the distance between A and B is approximately 7.81 units.

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Example 2. Calculate the distance between M(2, 6) and N(-5, 9).

Solutions:
Step 1. Identify the values for x1 , y1 , x2 , and y2 based on the
coordinates of the given points A and B. Let x1 = 2, y1 = 6 , x2 = -5,
and y2 = 9
Step 2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 in the
distance formula MN = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 . That is,
MN = √ (−5 − 2)2 + (9 − 6)2 .

Step 3. Simplify the resulting equation in Step 2. That is,

MN = √ (−5 − 2)2 + (9 − 6)2

= √ (− 7)2 + (3)2
= √ 49 + 9
= √ 58
MN = √ 58 or AB ≈ 7.62

Therefore, the distance between M and N is √ 58 units which is approximately

7.62 units.

The distance formula has many applications in real life situations. It can be used
to find the distance between two objects or places and to solve various map problems.
Example 3. On the coordinate plane below, a map is drawn showing the different
health centers of Buenavista Municipality. Each unit in the
coordinate plane is equivalent to 4 kilometers. If Lorega Health Center is
located at point (2, 6) and Pulog Health Center is at point (10, 8), what is
the shortest distance between these two health centers?

Managok

Pulog
Kinate
Loreg

Santa Maria
San Rafael

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Solutions:
Step 1. Let x1 = 2 , y1 = 6 , x2 = 10, and y2 = 8.

Step 2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 in

the Distance formula d = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2. That is,
d = √ (10 − 2)2 + (8 − 6)2 .

Step 3. Simplify the resulting equation in Step 2.

d = √ (10 − 2)2 + (8 − 6)2

= √ (8)2 + (2)2
= √ 64 + 4
= √ 68
d = 2√ 17 or d ≈ 8.25 units

Since 1 unit in the coordinate plane is equivalent to the actual distance of 4

kilometers, the distance between Pulog Health Center and Lorega Health Center is
the product of 8.25 and 4 kilometers. That is, (8.25)(4) = 33km.

Therefore, the distance between Pulog Health Center and Lorega Health
Center is approximately 33 kilometers.

The Midpoint Formula

The figure below shows that R and S are the endpoints of a line segment.
Point M is called the midpoint of segment ̅̅
RS̅̅. It is the point that lies exactly halfway
between the endpoints R(x1, y1) and S(x2, y2). Thus, the midpoint M is given by the
𝒙 +𝒙 𝒚 +𝒚
formula M = 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 , 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 .

The x-coordinate of M is the average of the x-coordinates of R and S, while the

y-coordinate of M is the average of the y-coordinates of R and S.

y
S (x2, y2)

𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
M= ,
𝟐 𝟐

R (x1, y1)

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Example 1: The coordinates of the endpoints of ̅̅̅̅
DF are (-4, 1) and (6, 3),
respectively. What are the coordinates of its midpoint M?

y
F

Solution: Let x1 = -4, y1 = 1, x2 = 6 and y2 = 3

Substitute these values into the midpoint formula, that is,
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
M= ,
𝟐 𝟐
−4+ 6 1+ 3
= ,
2 2
2 4
= ,2
2

= 1, 2
̅̅̅̅ are 5, −1 .
The coordinates of the midpoint of DF 2

Example 2: If Q(3, 6) is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

PR, and R has coordinates (-2, 7), find the
coordinates point P.
Solution: Let x = 3, y = 6, x1 = -2 and y1 = 7
Substitute these values into the midpoint formula, that is,
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 y1 + y2
(x, y) = ,
2 2
−2 + x2 7 + y2
(3, -6) = 𝟐
, 𝟐

Equate the coordinates and simplify. So, we have,

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 y1 + y2
x= y=
2 2
−2 + 𝑥2 7 + y2
3= -6 =
2 2

6 = -2 + x2 -12 = 7+ y2
x2 = 8 y2 = -19

The coordinates of P are ( 8, -19).

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Web Links
You may open the
following links to learn
more about distance and
midpoint formula.
https://www.chilimath.com/lessons/intermediate-
algebra/distance-formula/
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/line-
midpoint.html
http://passyworldofmathematics.com/midpoint-
between-two-points/
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/midpoint.htm

ACTIVITIES

In this section your goal is to apply the main concepts of the distance
formula. To answer the given activities, use the mathematical principles and
ideas you learned from the illustrations presented in the previous section.
Activity 4. Fill me!

Fill the missing parts in solving the distance between two points S(3, 2) and T(8,
12) by following the task given in the right column.

x1 = _____ x2 = 8 Find x1 and y1

y1 = _____ y2 = 12

ST = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + ___________ Complete the distance formula

Substitute the values y1 and y2 in the
= √ (8 − 3)2 +( )2 formula
= √ (5)2 + ( )2 Write the difference
= √ 25 + _____ Square the result

ST = ______ Add then simplify

Activity 5. Tell Me your Distance

Determine the distance between the following pairs of points by using the
formula, d = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 .

1. R(0,3) and F(1, 4) 4. A(-3, 5) and B(-3, 2)

2. S(5, -1)and T(5, 7) 5. M(-10, -4) and N(2, -5)
3. C(4, 6) and F(-1, 6)

How did you find the activity? I hope it was just easy for you to fill the
missing parts and solve the distance joining two points. In the next activity,
you will use the midpoint formula in finding the coordinates of a midpoint and
the other endpoint of a segment. Try it!
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Acitivity 6. Take the Center!
𝒙 +𝒙 𝒚 +𝒚
Using the formula, M = 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 , 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 , find the coordinates of the midpoint of the
segment whose endpoints are the following;

1. D(-5, 2) and E(10, 6) 4. E(0, 6) and F(8, -8)

2. L(4, 10) and A(8, 4) 5. J(-4, -5) and K(9, 17)
3. S(-1, 4) and T(13, 8)

Activity 7. Find my Other Half!

Determine the other endpoint of the line segment given the midpoint M and one
of the endpoint E.
1. M(-5, 4) E (1, 8)
2. M(6, 6) E(11, 5)

How was the activity you have just done? Have you mastered the
skills in solving the other endpoint of a segment given the coordinates of
the midpoint and one of its endpoint? I know you had!

ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is/are NOT the formula/s for finding the distance
between two points on the coordinate plane?
i. d = |𝑥2 − 𝑥1 |
ii. d = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
iii. d = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

A. i and ii B. ii only C. i and iii D. iii only

2. The figure below shows that S and R has coordinates (1, 5) and (1, -2)
respectively. Which of the following will represent the distance between these two
points? Y

R
A. |5 − 2| B. |−2 − 5| C. |5 + (−2)| D. |2 − 5|

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3. The length of a line segment whose endpoints are J(-4, 8) and K(7, 15) is
A. 13.04 B. 22.36 C. 7.48 D. 14.42

4. What is the distance joining two points P(3, 5) and R(-12, 5)?
A. 15 B. 9 C. -9 D. -15

5. What is the distance between the two points located in the figure?
y

(-2, 5)

(4, 2)

A. √13 B. √53 C. √45 D.√85 9.

6. The distance between points D(3, y) and E(18, -15) is 25 units. If D lies in the
first quadrant, what is its y- coordinate?
A. -5 B. 5 C. 6 D. 4

7. Which of the following describes the midpoint M of the segment whose

endpoints are (-5, 6) and (1, 4).
−𝟓− 𝟏 𝟔− 𝟒 −𝟓+ 𝟔 𝟏+ 𝟒
A. , B. , 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

−𝟓+ 𝟏 𝟔+ 𝟒 𝟔+ 𝟏 −𝟓+ 𝟒
C. , D. ,
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

8. What are the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment joined by the

endpoints (-3, -4) and (9, 8)?
A. (3, 2) B. (3, 4) C. (-1, 1) D. (6, 4)

9. A building is to be put up midway between the baseball court and the tennis court.
On a map drawn in the coordinate plane, the coordinates of the baseball
court are (-3, -7) while the coordinates of the tennis court are (5, 9). What
are the coordinates of the point where the building is to be constructed?
A. (2, 2) B. (1, 1) C. (-5, 7) D. (-2, 2)

10. Which of the following is the center point of a segment whose endpoints are
(-10, 5) and (2, -3)?
A. (-8, 2) B. (-4, 1) C. (-4, 2) D. (5, -1)

In the next section, your goal is to think deeper, and further test your
understanding of the distance formula. You should be able to answer the
important question after doing the following activities: How does the distance
formula facilitate the finding of solutions to real-life problems?
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APPLICATION
The map below shows the location of the different municipalities in the
Province of Bukidnon. Each unit on the coordinate plane is equivalent to 10 km.
Determine the shortest distance between the identified pairs of municipalities by using
the distance formula.
Y
LIBONA
(-5, 5)

IMPASUG-ONG
(2, 5)

VALENCIA
(2, -1)
MARAMAG
(-2, -2)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Bukidnon
1. Libona and Impasug-ong
2. Valencia and Maramag
3. Valencia and Impasug-ong
4. Maramag and Malaybalay City, if Malaybalay has coordinates (1, 2).
5. Maramag and Lantapan, if Lantapan has coordinates (-2, 1)

How did you find the previous activities? Were you able to use and
apply the distance formula in finding the solutions to the problems in every
activity? Certainly, you did it!
Now that you know the important ideas about this topic, you can move
on to the next section to test your skill.

SUMMARY/SYNTHESIS/GENERALIZATION

Distance Formula is an equation that can be used to find the distance between
any pair of points on the coordinate plane. It is given by the formula
d= √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 – 𝑦1 )2 or PQ= √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 – 𝑦1 )2 , if P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2)

14
are the points on the coordinate plane. Furthermore, the horizontal distance between
two points can be used to find the distance between a pair of points on the coordinate
plane and it is equal to the absolute value of the difference of the x-coordinates of two
points. Similarly, the vertical distance between two points can be determine by getting
the absolute value of the difference of they-coordinates of two points.

On the other hand, a midpoint is a point on the line segment that divides the
same segment into two equal parts. Thus, in segment AC, point B is its midpoint then
segment AB = BC. In the coordinate plane, a formula can be used to find the
coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment. The midpoint denoted by M with points
𝑥 +𝑥 y +y
P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) is given by the equation M = 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 .

Your understanding of this lesson is both important and necessary to facilitate

your learning of the next lesson.

POST- ASSESSMENT
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following is a formula for finding the distance between two points on
the coordinate plane?
A. 𝑑 = √ (𝑥2 + 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 + 𝑦1 )2 B. d = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
C. d = √ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 D. d = √ (𝑥2 + 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

2. Lina has stores in three different places in the municipality of San Juan.
The location of her stores are shown on the coordinate plane below.

Baclayon

Kitubo

Lina’s House Poblacion

How far is Barangay Baclayon to Barangay Poblacion?

A. 11.70 B. 6.32 C. 2.65 D. 8.06

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3. (Refer to the figure in #2) If the house of Lina is 7 units to the west of her store
in Barangay Poblacion, what are the coordinates corresponding to her house?
A. (3, -1) B.(3, 0) C. (0, 3) D. (-1, 3)

4. Which of the following is true about the distances of L, M and N, if M is the

midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑁 ?
A. LM = LN B. LN = MN
C.LM = MN D. 2|𝑀𝑁| = LM

5. Benedict is creating a grid in designing his vegetable garden. He wanted to

put a fishpond at the point (-3, 14). What would be the length of the pipe he
needed if the water source is located at the point (5, 0)?
A. √145 units B. 2√65 units
C. √146 units D. 10√2 units

6. What is the distance between the points L (-5, 3) and R (6, 3)?
A. 11 B. 1 C. 2√10 D. 5

7. What is the midpoint M of the line segment whose endpoints are X(15, -4)
and Y(-3, -6)?
A. (12, -10) B. (6, -5) C. (11, -9) D. (6, 5)

8. What is the value of y in the points (3, 11) and (-5, y), if the coordinates of the
midpoint are (-1, -3)?
A. -14 B. -16 C. -17 D. 14

9. A tracking device in a car shows that it is presently at the point where the
coordinates are (8, -11). If a bridge is exactly midway between the present location
and the starting point with coordinates (6, 1) of the car, at what point where you can
locate the bridge?
3 7
A. (4, -12) B. (7, -5) C. (-3, 7) D. ( 2, 2 )

10. What is the midpoint of the line segment shown in the figure?
Y

(5, 6)

X
(-2, -2)

A. (3⁄2, -2) B. (3, 8) C. (3⁄2, 2) D. (3, 4)

16
 Lesson
Applying Distance Formula in
2 Proving Geometric Properties

OVERVIEW

This lesson is designed and written with you in mind. It is critically developed to
help you master the coordinate proof. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

In this lesson, you will plot some sets of points on the coordinate plane and
identify the kind of geometric figures formed when points are connected consecutively.
You will also learn about naming the missing coordinates of some geometric figures.
This lesson will also discuss proofs of some geometric properties. Given the
coordinates of the vertex of geometric figures, you will use the distance formula to
prove its properties. Midpoint formula will also be used upon doing the proof

OBJECTIVES

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify figures formed by some sets of points;
2. plot some sets of points on the coordinate plane;
3. name the missing coordinates of the vertices of some geometric figures;
4. use coordinate proof to justify claims; and
5. write a coordinate proof to prove geometric properties.

PRE –ASSESSMENT
Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate answer sheet.
1. What proof uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove geometric properties?
A. Indirect Proof B. Coordinate Proof
C. Direct Proof D. Two-Column Proof

2. What figure is formed when the points M(1, 0), A( 1, 5), T( 9, 8) and H(9, 3) are
connected consecutively?
A. parallelogram B. square
C. trapezoid D. rectangle

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3. The coordinates of three vertices of a rectangle are (-2a,0), (2a,0) and (2a,2b).
What are the coordinates of the fourth vertex?
A. (0,b) B. ( 0,2b)
C. (-2a, 2b) D. ( 0, -2b)

Use the figure shown on the right to answer #s 4 and 5.

4. In parallelogram MAKE, what are the coordinates of M?

A. (0,b) B. ( d, 0)
C. (o, e) D. ( e, 0)
5. The coordinates of E in parallelogram MAKE in #4 is ____.
A. (0, b) B. ( d, 0)
C. (o, e) D. ( e, 0)

6. Hannah claims that the triangle on the coordinate plane

shown on the right is an equilateral triangle. Do you agree with her?
Justify your answer
A. Yes, because AB = BC =AC
B. Yes, because AB = BC ≠ AC
C. No, because AB = BC =AC
D. No, because AB = BC ≠ AC

For numbers 7 – 10, supply the missing part of the coordinate proof of the
statement “The segments joining the midpoints of consecutive sides of an
isosceles trapezoid form a rhombus. Choose your answer from the box below.

√𝑏2 +2𝑎𝑏+𝑎2 +𝑐 2
A.
2

−𝑏−𝑎 𝑐 2 2
B. √( 2 − 0) + ( 2 − 0)
𝑏+𝑎 𝑐2 2
C. √( 2 ) + ( 2)
−𝑏−𝑎 𝑐 2 2
D. √(0 − 2 ) + ( 0 − 2 )

Given: Isosceles trapezoid HEAT with HE ≅ TA, W, X, Y AND Z are the midpoints of
the sides.
Prove: Quadrilateral WXYZ is a rhombus

Proof:
Show that WX = XY = YZ = WZ
−𝑏−𝑎 2 𝑐 2
WX = √( − 0) + ( 2 − 𝑐)
2
−𝑏−𝑎 2 𝑐 2
WX = _√( 2
) + (− 2)
WX = ____________________ (7)

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 𝑏+𝑎 2 𝑐 2
XY = √(0 − ) + (𝑐 − 2)
2
−𝑏−𝑎 2 𝑐 2
XY = √( ) + (2)
2
XY = _________________ (8) ZW = ______________________ (10)
𝑏+𝑎 2 𝑐 2
YZ = √( − 0) + ( − 0) 𝑏+𝑎 𝑐 2 2
2 2 ZW = √( ) + (− )
YZ = __________________ (9) 2 2

√𝑏2 +2𝑎𝑏+𝑎2 +𝑐 2 2 2 +𝑐 2
YZ = ZW =
√𝑏 +2𝑎𝑏+𝑎
2 2
Therefore, WX = XY = YZ = ZW, and WXYZ is rhombus.

PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

A. Determine the distance between the given pairs of points.

1. C (8,4) and O (4, 1)
2. W (−4, 5) and X (0, −2)
3. M( 5, −1) and P(11, 7)
B. Determine the coordinates of the midpoint of the following pairs of points.
1. C (7,11) and D (3, 5)
2. Q( −6, 3) and R (2, 6)

Solutions and Discussion

A. To determine the distance between the given pairs of points, the distance formula,
𝑃1 𝑃2 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2 , will be used. That is:

1. CO = √(8 − 4)2 + (4 − 1)2 = √42 + 32 = √16 + 9 = √25 = 5

2. WX = √(−4 − 0)2 + (5 − (−2))2 = √−42 + 72 = √16 + 49 = √65
3. MP = √(5 − 11)2 + (−1 − 7)2 = √−62 + −82 = √36 + 64 = √100 = 10

𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
B. Use the formula, M = ( , ), in finding the coordinates of the midpoint.
2 2
That is:

7+3 11+5 −6+2 3+6 9

1. ( , ) = (5,8) 2. ( , ) = ( -2,2)
2 2 2 2

PRESENTATION

For each set of points, do the following:

a) plot in the coordinate plane;
b) connect each consecutive point by a line segment
c) describe the figure formed; and
d) answer the follow up questions.

1. J (2,4), O (2, 1), Y (4,1)

2. S (1,4), A (5,2), T (2,1)
3. M (8,8), E (13, −1), T (3, −1)
4. L (2, -1), I (5, −4), V (8, −1), E (5,2)

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 5. C (−5,3), U (−3,1), B (2,3), E (0,5)
6. C (2,5), A (14,6), N (8, −3), E (4, −4)
7. S (−2,3), K (3,3), E (5, −2), W (−4, −2)
8. L (−2,1), E (1,4), A (6,5), R (7, −2), N (−1, −4)

Questions:
1. How do you describe each figure formed? Which figure is a triangle or a
quadrilateral or a pentagon?
2. Which among the triangles formed is right? isosceles?
3. How did you know that the triangle is isosceles or right?
4. Which among the quadrilaterals formed is a rectangle? a square? a
parallelogram? a trapezoid?
5. How did you know that the quadrilateral formed is a square, a rectangle, a
parallelogram, a trapezoid?

1. The figures formed in #1, #2 and #3, are triangles. Each figure has three sides.
The figures formed in #4, #5, #6 and #7 are quadrilaterals. Each figure has four sides.
The figure formed in #8 is a pentagon. It has five sides.
2. ΔSAT and ΔMET are isosceles triangles, ΔSAT and ΔJOY are right triangles.
3. ΔSAT and ΔMET are isosceles because each has two congruent sides or two sides
with equal lengths.
ΔSAT and ΔJOY are right triangles because each contains a right angle.
4. Quadrilateral LIVE is a square.
Quadrilateral LIVE and CUBE are rectangles
Quadrilaterals LIVE and CUBE are parallelograms.
Quadrilaterals CANE and SKEW are trapezoids.
5. Quadrilateral LIVE is a square because it has four congruent sides and four right
angles.
Quadrilaterals LIVE and CUBE are rectangles because each has two pairs of congruent
and parallel sides and has four right angles. Quadrilaterals LIVE and CUBE are
parallelograms because each has two pairs of congruent and parallel sides and has
opposite angles that are congruent. Quadrilaterals SKEW and CANE are trapezoids
because each has only a pair of parallel sides.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

In geometry, a coordinate plane is used to prove some geometric properties.

Proving geometric properties using a coordinate plane is called a coordinate proof.
Both the distance and the midpoint formulas are applied in some geometric proofs.

Take note that in writing a coordinate proof, the basic skill needed is to name
the missing coordinates of the geometric figure drawn on the coordinate plane. The
next activity will provide you with the opportunity to develop such skill. You will
determine the missing coordinates by considering the different properties of geometric
figures.

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Examples: Use the figures below to determine the coordinates of the vertices.

1. CANE is a square where CA = 2𝒂. The axes bisect each side.

Since CANE is a square centered at the origin and CA= 2𝒂, C and A are both
𝒂 units from the axes. Likewise, the other vertices E and N are also 𝒂 units from the
axes.

2. SIT is an isosceles triangle where ST = 2p. The y – axis bisects ST.

The y-axis bisects ST and ST = 2p, so S and T are both p units from the y –
axis. The height of ⊿SIT does not depend on p, so you need to use a different variable
for the y coordinate of I.

Furthermore, the Coordinate proof uses figures in the coordinate plane to prove
some geometric properties. The following guidelines are used in placing figures using
the methods of coordinate geometry on a coordinate plane:
1. Use the origin as vertex or midpoint of the figure.
2. Put at least one side on an axis.
3. Draw the figure within the first quadrant, if possible.
4. Use coordinates that are multiples of two to make computations simple and easy.

Once the figure is placed in the coordinate plane, you can use the coordinates
of the vertices, the distance formula, and the midpoint formula to prove some
geometric relationships.

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 Prove that the diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

Example 1.
B C
Given: Rectangle ABCD C
Prove: AC ≅ CD
A D

Proof:
Place Rectangle ABCD so that it is in the first quadrant, with points A (0, 0), B
(0, b), C (a, b), and D (a, 0) and use the distance formula to find the length of AC and
DB.

AC = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

DB = √(𝑎 − 0)2 + (0 − 𝑏)2 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

Since AC = DB therefore, the diagonals of rectangle

ABCD are congruent

Example 2: The coordinates of quadrilateral FATE are F (-4, 3), A (1, 3), T (0,-3), and
E (-5, -3,). Prove that FATE is a parallelogram.

Proof:

Draw the quadrilateral in the

coordinate plane

FA = √(−4 − 1)2 + (3 − 3)2 = √25 = 5

TE = √(0 − (−5))2 + (−3 − (−3))2 = √25 = 5
Use the distance formula to
FE = √(−4 − (−5))2 + (3 − (−3))2 = √1 + 36 = determine if opposite sides
√37 are equal.
AT = √(1 − 0)2 + (3 − (−3))2 = √1 + 36 = √37

Since FA = TE and FE =AT, opposite sides are equal

Therefore, Quadrilateral FATE is a parallelogram

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 You may refer to the following video links for more information concerning coordinate
proof.
https://youtu.be/685Pb03bcHY?t=12
https://youtu.be/EZtXevirdes?t=270
https://youtu.be/y84GPW8KDw4

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
A. Determine the most precise name of the quadrilateral whose vertices are M(4,0),
A(0,0), T(-1,2) and H(3,2)

Plot the coordinates in the Cartesian plane and determine the distance between points;
MA = ___

TA = √(−1 − 0)2 + ( ____ − 0)2 = √__ + __ = ____

TH = √(−1 − ___)2 + ( ____ − 2)2 = √__ + __ = ____

MH = √(____ − 3)2 + ( ____ − 2)2 = √__ + __ = ____

Since, MA ____ TH and TA ____ MH,

therefore, quadrilateral MATH is ______

B. For each of the following, determine the missing coordinates.

1. Triangle XYZ is isosceles.

Since ΔXYZ is isosceles and equal markings

indicate equal length and XY = 3r, then
ZY = _____.
Therefore, Z has coordinates (___, ____)

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 2. In triangle DEF, DF = EF and the y axis bisects DE.

Since the distance from the origin to point E

is 2p then the distance from D to the origin
is _____, and the coordinates of D (___, 0)
F has the coordinates F (___, s)

Activity 2

Give coordinates of points A and B using sides the variables used as coordinates of
the other vertices.
1. Square 2. Rectangle 3. Square

4. Isosceles Trapezoid 5. Parallelogram

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Activity 3.

A. Write a coordinate proof for the statement “the midpoint of the hypotenuse of a
right triangle is equidistant from the three vertices.”

Solution:
Given: Triangle ____ (1)
with _____ as the midpoint of the hypotenuse. (2)

Prove: SR= QS = SP

Complete the given

The right triangle is

placed in the coordinate
plane with two legs on
both positive axes.
Label the coordinates of
P, Q, and R.

𝑆=(
2𝑎+____
,
0 +___
) = (𝑎, 𝑏) (3) (4) Use the midpoint
2 2 formula to determine the
coordinates of S.

QS = √(0 − 𝑎)2 + (__ − ___)2 = √_____ + ____ (5)(6) (7)(8) Use the distance
formula to find the
SP = √(___ − ___)2 + (𝑏 − 0)2 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 (9)(10)
distance from O to S,
and from O to R.
Complete the solution.

Thus, QS = SP. By the definition of midpoint QS = SR.

Hence ___= ___ = ___. (11) Complete the statement

B. Use the method of coordinate geometry to prove that the median to the hypotenuse
of a right triangle is half the hypotenuse.

Solution:

27
Given: Triangle CAT
with CT as the hypotenuse and
AT = CA
X is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑇
1
Prove: AX = 2 CT

Draw the figure in the coordinate plane

and write its coordinates as shown

𝐶𝑇 = √(2𝑎 − 0)2 + ( __ − __]2 (1), (2) Use the distance formula to determine
the length of CT
𝐶𝑇 = 2√___ + ____ (3) , (4)

𝐴𝑋 = √(2𝑎 − 𝑎)2 + ( 0 − __]2 (5) Use the distance formula to determine

the length of AX
𝐴𝑋 = √___ + 𝑏2 (6)

1
Therefore, AX = 2 CT.

ASSESSMENT

A. Write the letter of the best answer in your answer sheet.

1. What figure is formed when the points R(0, 0), A( 5, 5), I( 8, 4) and N(7, 1) are
connected consecutiely?
A. parallelogram B. square
C. trapezoid D. rectangle

28
2. The coordinates of three vertices of a rectangle are ( -2a, 0), (2a, 0) and (2a, 2b).
Determine the coordinates of the midpoint of the diagonal joining one of these
points with the fourth vertex?
A. (0, b) B. (0, 2b)
C. (2a, b) D. (-2a, 2b)

3. What are the coordinates of H in the figure?

A. ( 0, a ) B. (0, b)
C. ( a, 0 ) D. ( b, 0)

4. In the equilateral triangle below, what are the coordinates of M?

A. (0,2a) B. (2a, 0)
C. (0, a√3 ) D. (a√3 , 0)

5. The vertices of a square are located at (2𝑎, 0), (2𝑎, 2𝑎), (0,2𝑎), 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0, 0). What is
the length of a diagonal?
A. 𝑎 B. 2𝑎√2
C. 2𝑎 D. 2√𝑎

B. Write a coordinate proof to justify your answer .

Given: Triangle XYZ is isosceles
with XY ≅ YZ
M, E, and T are the midpoints
of XY, YZ, and XZ respectively.

Prove: MET is an isosceles triangle

APPLICATION

A. Draw a quadrilateral with the given vertices and determine the most precise
name for each quadrilateral.
1. S (-5,0), E(-3,2), A(3,2), L(5,)
2. B(0,0),E (4,0), N (3,2), D (-1,2)
3. C (0,0), O (5,5), M (8,4), E(7,1)

B. Read and answer the problem below.

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1. Gino claims that the triangle on the coordinate plane is an equilateral triangle.
Carla says that it is an isosceles triangle. Who do you think is correct? Write a
coordinate proof to justify your answer.

GENERALIZATION

A coordinate plane is used to prove some geometric properties. Proving

geometric properties using a coordinate plane is called a coordinate proof. The
distance and midpoint formula are applied in some geometric proof.In writing a
coordinate proof, an important skill is to name the missing coordinates of geometric
figures drawn on a coordinate plane.

The Coordinate proof uses figures in the coordinate plane to prove some
geometric properties. In proving geometric properties use the following guidelines for
placing figures using the methods of coordinate geometry on a coordinate plane:

1. Use the origin as vertex or midpoint of the figure.

2. Put at least one side on an axis.
3. Draw the figure within the first quadrant, if possible
4. Use coordinates that are multiples of two to make computations simple and easy.

Once the figure is placed in the coordinate plane you can use coordinates of
the vertices, the distance formula, and the midpoint formula to prove some geometric
relationships.

POST ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter of your answer and write on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What figure is formed when the points L(-4,4), N(-2,10), H(8,8), and H(6,2) are
connected consecutively?
A. Trapezoid B. Parallelogram
C. Square D. Rectangle
2. The coordinates of the vertices of a rectangle are T (−3,5), 𝐼 (5,5), M (5 −1), 𝑎𝑛𝑑
E (−3, −1). What is the length of a diagonal of the rectangle?
A. 15 B. 12
C. 10 D. 7.5

30
3. The coordinates of three vertices of a rectangle are (-3a,0), (3a,0) and (3a,3b).
What are the coordinates of the fourth vertex?
A. (0,b) B. ( 0,3b)
C. (-3a, 3b) D. ( 0, -3b)

4. What type of triangle is given by the points (1, 3), (4, 4) and (2, 2)?
A. Isosceles B. scalene
C. Equilateral D. Equiangular

5. In the isosceles trapezoid on the right, what are the coordinates of P?

A. ( c –a, b)
B. ( a – c, b)
C. ( c, b)
D. (b, c)

For numbers 6 – 10, Supply the missing part of the coordinate proof of the
statement “the medians to the legs of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
Choose your answer from the box below.

√9𝑎2 +𝑏2
A. congruent. B. 2

2 2 2
C. √( −𝑎 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑏 − 0) 3𝑎 𝑏
D. √( ) + ( )
2 2 2 2

Given: Isosceles triangle MNP with ̿̿̿̿̿

𝑀𝑁 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑃
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑂𝑀
𝐿𝑃 ̅̅̅̅̅ are the medians
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑂𝑀
Prove: 𝐿𝑃 ̅̅̅̅̅

31
Proof:

Show that ̅̅̅̅

𝐿𝑃 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑀, LP = OM
LP = _________________ (6)

−3𝑎 2 𝑏 2
LP = √( ) + ( 2)
2

LP = _________________(7)

𝑎 𝑏 2
OM = √[2 − (−𝑎) ]2 + (2 − 0)

OM = _________________(8)
OM = _________________(9)
Therefore, LP = OM and ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑃 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑀

Hence, the median to the legs of an isosceles triangle are _________

32