Review Exercise – 2

1. Find the equation of the line which passes through the points A (−2 , 8 ) and
B ( 4 , 6 ) in the form ax +by +c=0. [3]

Ans.: x +3 y−22=0
Solution: A (−2 , 8 ) and B ( 4 , 6 ) , x1=−2 , y1=8 , x2= 4, y2=6
y 2− y 1
Gradient(m ¿= x −x
2 1
6−8 −1
¿ =
4+ 2 3
−1
Equation of a line : m= 3 , x1=−2 , y1=8

y− y1 =m ( x−x 1 )
−1
⤇ y−8= 3 ( x +2 )

⤇ 3 y−24=−x −2
⤇ x +3 y−22=0
⤇ ax +by +c=0, where a=1, b=3 and c=−22

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Summary of key points
1. In the general form
y=mx+c ,

Where m is the gradient and (0,c) is the intersect

on the y-axis.
In the general form
ax +by +c=0 ,

Where a, b and c are integers.

2. Gradient (m) of two coordinates ( x 1 , y 1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 )

y 2− y 1
m=
x 2−x 1
3. Equation of a line with gradient
m and a point ( x 1 , y 1 ) :

y− y1 =m ( x−x 1 )

4. Equation of a line perpendicular/normal to with gradient

m and a point ( x 1 , y 1 ) :

−1
y− y1 = ( x−x 1)
m

6. If two lines are perpendiculat, the product of their

gradients is m1×m2=–1 .
============================================
 1
2. The line l passes through the point ( 9 ,−4 ) and has gradient . Find an equation for l , in the
3
form ax +by +c=0, where a , b and c are integers. [3]
Ans.: x−3 y−21=0
1
Solution: Equation of a line : m= 3 , x1=9 , y1=−4

y− y1 =m ( x−x 1 )
1
⤇ y + 4= 3 ( x −9 )

⤇ 3 y +12=x−9
⤇−x +3 y +21=0

⤇ ax +by +c=0, where a=−, b=3 and c=21

3. The points A ( 0 , 3 ) , B ( k , 5 ) and C ( 10 , 2 k ) , where k is a constant, lie on the same straight
line. Find the two possible values of k . [5] Ans.: 4, −2.5
Solution: A ( 0 , 3 ) , B ( k , 5 ) and C ( 10 , 2 k )
For A ( 0 , 3 ) , B ( k , 5 ) ,x1=0 , y1=3 , x2= k, y2=5
y2 − y1
Gradient(m1 ¿= x −x
2 1
5−3 2
¿
k−0 k
=
And For , B ( k ,5 ) and C ( 10 , 2 k ) ,x1=k , y1=5 , x2= 10, y2=2k
y 2− y 1
Gradient(m 2¿= x −x
2 1
2k −5
¿
10−k
ATQ, m1=m2
2 2 k−5
⤇ k = 10−k
⤇k (2 k−5)=2(10−k )

⤇k (2 k−5)=2(10−k )

Note: for same straight line all gradients are equal

========================================================
F13. Method: plot and use anti clockwise and repeat 1st one

Area of a triangle of vertices A ( x 1 , y 1 ) , B( x2 , y 2) and C (x3 , y 3)

1 x1 x2 x3 x1
¿
(
2 y1 y2 y3 y1 )
[Note: Left to right arrow plus & right to left arrow minus]
1 x1 y 2+ ¿ x 2 y 3+ ¿ x 3 y 1
¿
(
2 – x 1 y 3−¿ x 3 y 2−¿ x 2 y 1 )
F13 example1:Find the area of a triangle of vertices A ( 4 ,3 ) , B(7 , 2) and C (5 , 4)

1 x1 x2 x3 x1
Solution: Area of triangle ABC ¿
(
2 y1 y2 y3 y1 )
1 4 7 54
¿ ( 2 3 2 43 )
1 4 × 2+ ¿7 × 4 +¿ 5 ×3
¿ (
2 – 4 × 4−¿ 5 ×2−¿ 7 ×3 )
1 1
= ×(8+28+15–16–10–21)= ×(8+28+15–16–10–21)=2 unit2 (answer)
2 2

=======================================================
4. The line l 1 has equation y=3 x−6. The line l 2 is perpendicular to l 1 and passes through the
point ( 6 , 2 ).
a) Find and equation for l 2 in the form y=mx+c , where m and c are constants. [3]
The line l 1 and l 2 intersect at the point C .
b) Use algebra to find the coordinates of C . [2]
The line l 1 and l 2 cross the x -axis at the point A and B respectively.
c) Calculate the exact area of triangle ABC . [4]
−1
Ans.: (a) y= x+4 (b) C is ( 3 , 3 ) c) 15
3
−1
Solution:a)l 2 equation: ( 6 , 2 ).where x1=6 and y1=2, m=3 y− y1 = ( x−x 1)
m
−1
⤇ y−2= 3 ( x−6 )
⤇3 y−6=−x +6
⤇3 y=−x +6+ 6
⤇3 y=−x +12
−x +12
⤇ y= 3
−x 12
⤇ y= 3 + 3
 −x −1
⤇ y= 3 +4 =mx+ c, where m= 3 , c=4

b) y=3 x−6……….(i)
−x
y= +4 ………(ii)
3
ATQ, y=y

−x
3 x−6= +4
3

C(3,3)
c)l 1: y=3 x−6

on x-axis y=0, so, x=2

−x
and l 2: y = 3 + 4

on x-axis y=0, so, x=

5. The diagram shows triangle ABC , with AB=√ 5 cm, ∠ ABC=45° and ∠ BCA=30 °. Find
the exact length of AC . [3]

Ans.: √ 10 cm
6. The diagram shows triangle ABC ,with AB=5 cm, BC=( 2 x−3 ) cm, CA =( x+1 ) cm and
∠ ABC=60 ° .

a) Show that x satisfies the equation x 2−8 x +16=0. [3]

b) Find the value of x . [1]
c) Calculate the area of triangle, giving your answer to 3 significant figures. [2]
1 2 2 2
Ans.: (a) cos 60 °= =( 5 + (2 x−3 ) −( x+1 ) ) ÷ 2 ( 5 )( 2 x−3 )
2

5 ( 2 x −3 )=( 25+ 4 x 2−12 x+ 9−x 2−2 x−1 )

0=3 x2 −24 x+ 48
2
x −8 x +16=0
(b) 4 (c) 10.8 cm2
7. Ship B is 8km, on a bearing of 030 ° , from ship A .
Ship C is 12km, on a bearing of 140 ° , from ship B.
a) Calculate the distance of ship C from ship A . [4]
b) Calculate the bearing of ship C form ship A . [3]
Ans.: (a) 11.93km (b) 100.9 °

8. The triangle ABC has vertices A (−2 , 4 ) , B ( 6 ,10 ) and C ( 16 , 10 ).

a) Prove that ABC is an isosceles triangle. [2]
b) Calculate the size of ∠ ABC . [3]
Ans.: (a) AB=BC=10 cm, AC=6 √ 10 cm (b) 143.1°
9. The diagram show ∆ ABC .
Calculate the area of ∆ ABC . [6]

Ans.: 19.4 cm2

10. a) On the same set of axes, in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 360° , sketch the graphs of y=tan ( x−90 ° )
and y=sin x , Label clearly and points at which the graphs cross the coordinate axes. [5]
b) Hence write down the number of solutions of the equation tan ( x−90° ) =sin x in the
interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 360° . [1]
Ans.: (a) (b) 2
11. The graph shows the curve y=sin ( x + 45° ) ,−360° ≤ x ≤360 ° .

a) Write down the coordinates of each point where the curve crosses the x -axis. [2]
b) Write down the coordinates of the point where the curve crosses the y -axis. [1]
√2
Ans.: (a) (−225 , 0 ) , (−45 , 0 ) , ( 135 ,0 ) and ( 315 , 0 ) (
(b) 0 ,
2 )

3π
12. The diagram shows the curve with equation y=sin x + ( 4 )
,−2 π ≤ x ≤2 π .

Calculate the coordinates of the points at which the curve meets the coordinate axes. [3]

Ans.: x -axis: ( −74 π , 0 ) ,( −34 π , 0) ,( π4 , 0) ,( 54π ,0 )

1
(
y -axis: 0 ,
√2 )
 π
13. a) Sketch, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 π , the graph of y=cos x− ( 3). [2]

b) Write down the exact coordinates of the points where the graph meets the coordinate
axes. [3]
π
c) Solve, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 π , the equation cos x− ( 3 )
=−0.27 , giving your answer in radians to 2

decimal places. [5]

Ans.: (a)

(b) y -axis at ( 0 , 0.5 ) x -axis at ( 56π , 0) and ( 11π6 , 0)

(c) x=2.89 , x=5.49

14. In the diagram, A and B are points on the circumference of a circle centre O and radius
5cm.
∠ AOB=θ radians

AB=6 cm

a) Find the value of θ . [2]

b) Calculate the length of the minor arc AB to 3 s.f. [2]
Ans.: (a) 1.287 radians (b) 6.44 cm
15. In the diagram, ABC is an equilateral triangle with side 8cm. PQ is an arc of a circle with
centre A and radius 6cm. Find the perimeter of the shaded region in the diagram.

Ans.: ( 12+2 π ) cm

16. In the diagram, AD and BC are arcs of circles with centre O , such that OA=OD=r cm,
AB=DC=10 cm and ∠ BOC=θ radians.
 4
a) Given that the area of the shaded region is 40 cm2, show that r = −5 . [4]
θ

b) Given also that r =6 θ , calculate the perimeter of the shaded region. [6]
Solution: (a)
area of the shaded region = 40 cm2
area of sec OBC− area of sec OAD = 40
1 2 1
( R ) θ− r 2 θ=40
2 2
1 1
2
( r +10 )2 θ− r 2 θ=40
2
[ R=r +10 and r=r]
⇒ 20 rθ+ 100θ=80
4
⇒ rθ +5 θ=4 ⇒ r = −5
θ

(b) 28 cm

17. In the diagram, AB=10cm, AC=13 cm and ∠ CAB=0.6 radians. BD is an arc of a circle
centre A and radius 10cm.
 a) Calculate the length of the arc BD . [2]
b) Calculate the shaded area in the diagram to 1 d.p. [3]
Ans.: (a) 6 cm (b) 6.7 cm2

18. The diagram shows the sector OAB of a circle with centre O , radius r cm and angle 1.4
radians.
 The lines AC and BC are tangent to the circle with centre O ,OEB and OFA are straight
lines. The line ED is parallel to BC and the line FD is parallel to AC .
a) Find the area of sector OAB , giving your answer to 1 decimal place. [4]
The region R is bounded by the arc AB and the lines AC and CB .
b) Find the perimeter of R, giving your answer to 1 decimal place. [6]
Ans.: (a) 119.7 cm2 (b) 40.3 cm

19. The diagram shows a square, ABCD , with side length r and two arcs of circles with
centres A and B.
 r2 (
Show that area of the shaded region is 3 √ 3−π ). [5]
12

Ans.: Split each half of the rectangle as shown.

π 2
Area S= r
12
3
Area T = √ r 2
8

⇒ Area R= ( 12 − √83 − 12π ) r 2

π
(
U = r 2 − r 2 −2 R
4 )
π √3 π
(
¿ 1− −1+ + r 2
4 4 6 )
¿ r2 ( √43 − 12π )
∴ Shaded area

r2 (
¿ 3 √3−π )
12

20. Prove, from first principles, that the derivative of 5 x 2 is 10 x. [4]

5 ( x+ h )2−5 x 2
Ans.: lim
h→ 0 h

5 x 2+10 xh+5 h 2−5 x 2

¿ lim
h→0 h

10 xh+5 h2
¿ lim
h→0 h
 ¿ lim 10 x +5 h
h→0

¿ 10 x

1 dy
21. Given that y=4 x 3−1+2 x 2 , x> 0 , find . [2]
dx
−1
dy
Ans.: =12 x 2 + x 2
dx

1
22. The curve C has equation y=4 x +3 x 2 −2 x 2 , x >0.

dy
a) Find an expression for . [2]
dx

b) Show that the point P ( 4 ,8 ) lies on C . [1]

c) Show that an equation of the normal to C at point P is 3 y=x +20. [2]
The normal to C at P cuts the x -axis at point Q .
d) Find the length PQ, giving your answer in simplified surd form. [2]
1
dy 9
Ans.: (a) =4 + x 2 −4 x
dx 2

(b) Substitute x=4 into equation for C

1
(c) Gradient of tangent ¿−3 so gradient of normal ¿
3
1
Substitute (4, 8) into y= x +c
3
1 20
Rearrange y= x +
3 3

(d) PQ=8 √ 10

2 5−x
23. The curve C has equation y=4 x + , x ≠ 0.
x

The point P on C has x -coordinate 1.

dy
a) Show that the value of at P is 3. [3]
dx

b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at P. [3]

This tangent meets the x -axis at the point ( k , 0 ) .
c) Find the value of k . [1]
 dy −5
Ans.: (a) =8 x−5 x−2 , at P this is 3 (b) y=3 x +5 (c) k =
dx 3

( 2 x+1 ) ( x+ 4 )
24. f ( x )= , x> 0
√x
1 1 1
a) Show that f ( x ) can be written in the form P x 2 +Q x 2 + R x 2 , stating the values of the
constants P ,Q and R. [2]
b) Find f ' ( x ). [3]
c) A curve has equation y=f ( x ). Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where x=1
is parallel to thel line with equation 2 y=11 x +3. [3]
1 −1 −3
9
Ans.: (a) P=2 , Q=9 , R=4 (b) 3 x 2 + x 2 −2 x 2
2
' 1 1
(c) When x=1 , f ( x ) =5 , gradient of 2 y=11 x +3 is 5 ,so it is parallel with tangent
2 2

25. Given that y=3 x 2 +4 √ x , x >0 , find

dy
a) [2]
dx

d2 y
b) 2 [2]
dx
c) ∫ ydx [3]
d2 y 3
−1 −3
dy 2 8
Ans.: (a) =6 x+ 2 x 2
(b) =6−x (c) x 3+ x 2 + c
dx d x2 3

26. The curve C with equation y=f ( x ) passes through the point ( 5 , 65 ).
Given that f ' ( x )=6 x 2−10 x−12 ,
a) use integration to find f ( x ) [3]
b) hence show that f ( x )=x ( 2 x +3 ) ( x−4 ) [2]
c) Sketch C , showing the coordinates of the points where C crosses the x -axis. [3]
Ans.: (a) 2 x3 −5 x 2−12 x (c)
(b) 2 x3 −5 x 2−12 x
¿ x ( 2 x 2−5 x−12 )
¿ x ( 2 x+ 3 ) ( x−4 )

Challenge
1. The diagram shows a square ABCD on a set of coordinate axes. The square intersects the x
-axis at the points B and S, and the equation of the line which passes through B and C is
y=3 x−12.

a) Calculate the area of the square.

b) Find the coordinates of S.

Ans.: (a) 160, (b) ( 283 , 0)

2. A chord of a circle, centre O and radius r , divides the circumference in
the ratio 1 :3 , as shown in the diagram. Find the ratio of the area of
region P to the area of region Q .
π −2
Ans.: :1
2+ 3 π

3. The graph of the cubic function y=f ( x ) has turning points at (−3 , 76 ) and ( 2 ,−49 ).
a) Show that f ' ( x )=k ( x 2 + x−6 ) , where k is a constant.
b) Express f ( x ) in the form a x 3 +b x 2+ cx+ d , where a , b , c and d are real constant to be
found.
Ans.: (a) f ' (−3 ) =f ( 2 )=0 ,so f ' ( x )=k ( x +3 ) ( x−2 )
¿ k ( x 2+ x−6 ) ;
There are no other factors as f ( x ) is cubic.
(b) 2 x3 +3 x 2−36 x−5