10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Illustration of Sector, Segments,
Secant, and Tangent of a Circle

Proves Theorems on Secants,

Tangents, and Segments
(M10GE-IIe-f-1)
Mathematics– Grade 10
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Illustrate Sector, Segment, Secant, and Tangent of a Circle
with Proves Theorems on Secants, Tangents, and Segments
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies
and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated
for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and
understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you
need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the
post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to the facilitators
and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate
sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing
each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
The module is divided into three lessons, namely:
 Lesson 1 – Sector and Segment of a Circle
 Lesson 2 – Tangent and Secant of a Circle
 Lesson 3 – Proving Theorem on Secant Segments s of a Circle
 Lesson 4 – Proving Theorem on Tangent Segments of a Circle
 Lesson 5 – Proving Theorem on External Secant Segments of a Circle

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Illustrate sector and segment, and tangent and secant of a circle
2. Prove theorem on secant segments of a circle;
3. Prove theorem on tangent segments of a circle;
4. Prove theorem on external secant segments of a circle.

What I Know

You are asked to call to mind what you already know about the theorem on
secants, tangents, and external secant segments of a circle and be able to connect it
to your past learning by answering the questions below.

ACTIVITY 1: NAME ME!

Direction: Identify the parts of the circle and write it inside the box.

1.

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 2.

a. Name the secant segment/s in the figure.

b. Name the external secant segment/s in the figure.
c. Name the tangent segment/s in figure.

3.

A
a. Name the secant segment/s in the figure.
b. Name the external secant segment/s in the figure.
c. Name the tangent segment/s in figure.

3.
L

A
a. Name at least 3 inscribed angles in the figure.

b. Which inscribed angles intercept CL?

c. Which inscribed angles intercept LE?

d. If mLE = 124, what is the measure of the following angles?

d1. m1
d m5

Very Good! You did a good job. You’re now ready for the next set of activities.

6
 Lesson ILLUSTRATION OF SEGMENT, SECTOR,
TANGENT AND SECANT OF A CIRCLE
4 INCLUDING PROVING THEOREMS ON
SECANTS, TANGENTS, AND SEGMENTS

Congratulations! You are now ready to start with another module. Do you
know that circle is used to model and solve many mathematical ideas and real-life
situations? In this module you are going to learn how to illustrate them and
expected to prove theorems on secant segments, tangent segments, and external
secant segments of a circle (M10GE-IIe-f-1).

What’s In

In your previous lesson, you have learned about arcs of the circle and its
degree measure. Let us have a short review, are you ready?

ARCS OF A CIRCLE
An arc is a part of a circle. The symbol for an arc is . A semicircle is
an arc with a measure equal to one-half the circumference of a circle. It is named by
using the two endpoints and another point on the arc. C

Ex. The curve from the point N to point Z is an Arc. It is part of

O and is named as arc NZ or NZ. Other arcs of O are O

CN, CZ, CZN, CNZ, and NCZ. N

A minor arc is an arc that measures less than a semicircle. Examples are CN and NZ.

A major arc is an arc that measures more than a semicircle. It is named by using the
two endpoints and another point on the arc. Examples are CZN and CNZ.

DEGREE MEASURE OF AN ARC

1. The degree measure of a minor arc is the measure of the central angle which
intercepts the arc. O
Ex: GEO is a central angle. It intercepts E at points G and O.

The measure of GO is equal to the measure of GEO. If E

mGEO = 118, then m GO = 118. G

M

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 2. The degree measure of a major arc is equal to 360 minus the measure of the minor arc with the
same endpoints. Thus, the measure of OMG = 360 – m GO = 360 – 118 = 242.
3. The degree measure of a semicircle is 180o.

What’s New

This module focuses on illustrating sector, segment, secant, and tangent of a

circle including proving theorems on secant segments, tangent segments, and
external secant segments of a circle.

ACTIVITY 2: SEGMENT OR SECTOR!

Direction: Identify each figure if it is segment or sector. Write your answer on the blank
provided.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

ACTIVITY 3: Fill in the blank/s with word/s that will best complete the
statement.
1. is a round plane figure whose boundary (the circumference) consists
of points equidistant from a fixed point (the center).

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2. A of a circle is the region bounded by an arc and the segment joining
its endpoint while of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle

and the two radii to the endpoints of the arc.

3. A to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and

only one point.

4. A is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points.

5. An is the part of a secant segment that is outside a circle.

Nice one! The activity shows the difference between segment and sector. You
are now ready to discover more about sector, segment, tangent, and secant and the
knowledge about a circle and its parts, relationship that exists among segments
formed by intersecting chords of a circle.

What is It

Below are some important matters that we need to discuss in order for you to
understand sector and segment of a circle and tangent and secant of a circle. Read
carefully and understand all salient points written on this part of the module. Also,
Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangent Segments, and External Secant Segments.

SECTOR AND SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE

SECTOR

A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two
radii to the endpoints of the arc. To find the area of a sector of a circle, get the
product of the ratio measure of the arc and the area of a circle.
360 A

Example: The radius of a C is 10cm. If m AB = 60,

what is the area of sector ACB? C B
10cm

Solution: To find the area of sector ACB, we should do the following steps.

a. Determine first the ratio

Measure of the arc = 60 = 1

360 360 6

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 b. Find the are (A) of the circle using the equation 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2, where r is the length
of the radius.
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2
= 𝜋(10cm)2
= 100 𝝅 cm2

c. Get the product of the ratio and the area of the circle.
Area of sector ABC = (1/6) ( 100 𝜋cm2)

ABC = 50 𝝅/3cm2

SEGMENT
A segment of a circle is a region bounded by an arc and the segment joining
its endpoints.

Example: The shaded region on the figure is a segment T.

It is the region bounded by PQ and PQ.

To find the area of the shaded segment in the figure, subtract the area of
triangle PTQ from the area of sector PTQ.

If m PQ = 90 and the radius of the circle is 5cm, then the area of sector PTQ
is one-fourth of the area of the whole circle. That is,

Area of sector PTQ = (1/4) (5cm)2 𝜋

= (1/4) (25cm2) 𝜋

= 25/4 𝝅 cm2

In the same figure, the area of PTQ = ½ (5cm) (5cm) = 25/2 cm2.

Therefore, the area of the shaded region is 25/4 𝜋 – 25/2 cm2 is approximately
7.135 cm2.

TANGENT AND SECANT

TANGENT

A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one
and only one point. The point of intersection of the line and the circle is called the
point of tangency.

Example:
Q
C
In the figure on the right, PQ intersects
A
C at A. PQ is a tangent line and A is the
point of tangency. P

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Postulate on Tangent Line
At a given point on a circle, one and only one line can be drawn that is tangent
to the circle. A
To illustrate, consider V on the
right. If U is a point on the circle, then one U
and only one line can be drawn through U
that is tangent to the circle. V

Common Tangent
A common tangent is a line that is tangent to two circles in the same plane.

Common internal tangents Common external tangents do not

intersect the segment joining intersect the segment joining the
the centers of the two circles centers of the two circles.
C
d t

N
M s
D
E

Lines s and t are

Lines c and d are common external tangents.
common internal tangents.

SECANT

A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points.

A secant contains a chord of a circle.

In circle A, MN is a secant line.

A N
M

Tangent and Secant

Segments and rays that are contained in the tangent or intersect the circle
in one and only one point are also said to be tangent to the circle.

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 N
M
In the figure on the right, MN
and QR are tangent to S. S
R

Q
A. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then
the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant
segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment
and its external secant segment.
FIGURE 1

AC and EC are secant segments drawn to the circle from an exterior point
C. From the theorem, AC · BC = EC · DC

PROOF:

Given: AC and EC are secant segments at T draw from exterior point C

Prove: AC · BC = EC · DC

To prove: Draw AD and BE

Statement Reason

1. BAD  DEB and Inscribed angles intercepting the same arc

ABE  EDA are congruent.
2.  CBE  CDA Supplements of congruent angles are
congruent.
3. ∆ CBE ~  CDA AA Similarity Theorem
4. AC : DC = EC : BC or AC = EC Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
DC BC proportional.
5. Therefore AC · BC = EC · DC Multiplication Property

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Application: Example from Figure 1
Find the length of the unknown segment.

Let AC = 16; BC = x; DC = 8; ED = 10

Solution:

EC = ED + DC
= 10 + 8
EC = 18
Draw AD and BE; that makes ∆ CBE ≅ ∆CDA ........ (From Statement #3
and Reason #3)
AC : DC = EC : BC........................................... (From Statement #4 and Reason #4)
AC = EC .......................................(Theorem)
DC BC
16 : 8 = 18 : x Checking: Theorem
16 (x) = 18 (8) AC : DC = EC : BC (Theorem)
16x = 144 16 : 8 = 18 : 9
x =9 18 (8) = 16 (9)
Therefore, BC = 9. 144 = 144 (Check)

B. If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from

an exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of the secant segment and its external
segment.

Figure 2

LN is a secant segment drawn to the circle from exterior point L. KL is a

tangent segment that is also drawn to the circle from the same exterior
point L. From the theorem, ( LK )2 = LN · LM.

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PROOF:

Given: LN and LK are secant and tangent segments respectively at O

drawn from exterior point L.

Prove: LN · LM = ( LK )2

To prove: Draw KN and KM

Statement Reason

The measure of an inscribed angle is one-

1. m  MKL    m KM  and half the measure of its intercepted arc.

m  KNM    m KM )
 m  MKL = m  KNM
  MKL   KNM
 m  KML = m  MKN + m  KNM
 m  KML = m  MKN + m  MKL
 m  LKN = m  MKN + m  MKL
 m  KML = m  LKN
 m  KML  m  LKN
9. ∆ NLK ~ ∆ KMN
10. LN : LK = LK : LM or LN = LK
LK
LM
11. Therefore LN · LM = ( LK )2
Transitive Property
Angles with equal measures are congruent.
The measure of the exterior angle of a
triangle is equal to the sum of the measures
of its remote interior angle.
Substitution
Angle Addition Postulate
Transitive Property
Angles with equal measures are congruent.
AA Similarity Theorem
Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
proportional.
Multiplication Property

Application: Example from Figure 2

Find the length of the unknown segment.

Let LK = x; NM = 4; LM = 6

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 Solution: Checking:

LM = NM + LM (LK)2 = NM · LM ................ Theorem

=4 +6 (6.32)2 = 4 · 10
LM = 10 34.92  40 (check)

(LK)2 = NM · LM ............ Theorem

(x)2 = 4 · 10
X2 = 40

X  6.32 Therefore LK  






What’s More



At this point, you already know some important ideas about sector, segment,
tangent, and secant. Now, using what you have learned earlier about sector,
segment, tangent, and secant, answer activity 3 below.

ACTIVITY 4: FIND THIS PART!

Direction: Given the figure below, solve for the shaded portion or part are using the
process given above on solving sector and segment.

Q X 1350

450
R Y
S 12 cm Z 8 cm

ACTIVITY 5: Using the theorem on secant segments, tangent segments, and

external secant segments, find the length of the unknown (x) segment of the
following figures.
1. Let CS = x; LM = 16; and MS = 9

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 2. Let BC = 12; AE = 11; and BE = 4. Find the length of BF.

What I Have Learned

Here is another activity that you may apply what you have learned about
tangent and secant, proving theorems on secants, tangents and external secant
segments.

ACTIVITY 6: WHAT AM I?
Direction: Give what is being asked. Write your answer on the blank provided before
each number.
1. It is a line that intersect the circle at exactly two points.
2. It is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to

the endpoints of the arc.

3. It is a region bounded by an arc and the segment joining its

endpoints.
4. It is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and
only one point.

5. It is a point of intersection of the line and the circle.

ACTIVITY 7: PROVE ME!

1. If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from an

exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of the secant segment and its
external segment.

Given: CS and LS are tangent and secant segments respectively of O

drawn from exterior point S.
LS intersects O at C.
Prove: (CS)2 = LS · MS

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2. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the
product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment and its external
secant segment.

Given: BA and BC are secant segments of O drawn from exterior point B.

Prove: BA · BE = BC · BF

What I Can Do

Here is another activity that lets you apply what you learned about Illustrating
segment, sector, tangent, secant and the theorems on secants, tangents, and
external secant segments of a circle.

ACTIVITY 8: DRAW ME!

Direction: Draw what is being asked. Put your drawing inside the box.

SEGMENT SECTOR

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 TANGENT SECANT

ACTVITY 9: FIND AND PROVE ME!

A. Find the length of the unknown segment if IY = 24, IM = 8 and ME = 22.

B. Prove that IE · IM = IY · IL.

Nice work! Now you’re up for the final challenge of this module

Assessment

I hope you had a good time going over this module. For you to determine how
much you’ve learned, please perform the following exercises:

I. Solve for the shaded region.

A B

1. 2.
900 1000

C B W M
6 cm 5 cm

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II. Based on the figure below, which lines are tangents, and which are secants?
Write your answer on the table given below.
S
K

N
Q
O L
P

M
R

TANGENT SECANT

III. Name the external secant segments in each of the following figures.

1. 2.
X W

IV. Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each of the following
figures.

1.

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 2.
E 10

Good Job! You did well on this module!

Additional Activities

1. Jurene and Janel were asked to find the length of AB

in the figure below. The following are their solutions.
Jurene: 7x = 9 · 10 Janel: 7 (x + 7) = 9 (9 + 10)
A

Who do you think would arrive at the correct answer?

2. Give 3 examples of the following:

1. segment
2. sector
3. tangent
4. secant.

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 Additional What’s More
Activity
1. CS = 15
2. BF = 5
Janel
What I Know
1a. IE, IY 2a. GR What’s New Assessment
b. IM, IL b. IR 1. circle
A. 1. NW
c. none c. AR 2. segment; sector
2. IM, IL
3a. LCA, LCE, ACE 3. tangent
ALC, CAE, CAL 4. secant
B. 1. x  
LAE,  AEC
2. x = 4
b. CAL
3. x = 9
c. LCE and LAE
d1. 28
d2. 124
 What I Have Learned
2.
Statement Reason
1. EAF  FCE and Inscribed angles intercepting the same
AEC  CFA arc are congruent.
2.  BEC  BFA Supplements of congruent angles are
congruent.
3. ∆ BEC ~  BFA AA Similarity Theorem
4. BA : BF = BC : BE or BA = BC Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
BF BE proportional.
5. Therefore BA · BE = BC · BF Multiplication Property
What I Have Learned
1.
Statement Reason
The measure of an inscribed angle is
1. m  MCS    m CM  and one-half the measure of its intercepted
arc.
m  CLM    m CM )
 m  MCS = m  CLM Transitive Property
  MCS   CLM Angles with equal measures are
congruent.
 m  CMS = m  MCL + m  CLM The measure of the exterior angle of a
triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its remote interior angle.
 m  CMS = m  MCL + m  MCS Substitution
 m  SCL = m  MCL + m  MCS Angle Addition Postulate
 m  CMS = m  SCL Transitive Property
 m  CMS  m  SCL Angles with equal measures are
congruent.
9. ∆ LSC ~ ∆ CML AA Similarity Theorem
10. SL : SC = SC : SM or SL = SC Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
SC SM proportional.
11. Therefore SL · SM = ( SC )2 Multiplication Property
 Multiplication Property 5. Therefore IE · IM = IY · IL
proportional. IL IM
Lengths of sides of similar triangles are 4. IE : IL = IY : IM or IE = IY
AA Similarity Theorem 3. ∆ IMY ~  ILE
congruent.
Supplements of congruent angles are 2.  IMY  ILE
arc are congruent. EMY  YLE
Inscribed angles intercepting the same 1. MEL  LYM and

Reason Statement B.
A. IL = 10

What I Can Do

References
Grade 10 Learner’s Material
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/factrthm.htm
https://www.shsu.edu/~kws006/Precalculus/2.3_Zeroes_of_Polynomials_files/S%26Z%203.2.pdf
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/remainder-theorem.html
https://www.shmoop.com/polynomial-equations/remainder-theorem-examples.html
https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg2/The%20Remainder%20Theorem.pdf
 EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph