10. Trinomial - a polynomial with three terms. Ex: 2x2y - 5y3 + 7 11.

Degree of a term - the sum of the exponents of the variable in a given

A SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAM REVIEW
Algebraic Expressions, Equations and Inequalities term. Ex: In 2x2yz3, the degree of the term is 2 + 1 + 3 = 6

DEFINITION 12. Degree of a polynomial - the highest degree/power in the polynomial

Ex. In 3x5 - 2x2 + 5x, the degree of the polynomial is 5.
Algebra deals with number and the operation of it by the use of
letters or symbols to represent the numbers. 1. Constant - any real
number. Ex: 4, 12, -3, 1/2
SIMPLIFYING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS, POLYNOMIALS AND
2. Variable - a letter or symbol that represents a number. Ex: a, n, x 3. FACTORING

Numerical Coefficient - a constant number preceding and multiplied to

● Algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and
a variable. Ex: Given the product 3xyz, the numerical coefficient is 3 4.
division) follow the rules when performing operations on integers ●
Literal Coefficient - Ex: Given 3xyz, the literal coefficient is xyz
Only similar or like terms can be added or subtracted from one
5. Algebraic Expression - a constant, variable or combination of variables another
and constants involving a finite number of indicated operations. Ex:
5xy2 + 3yz - 8x + 5(3xz)
Perform the following operations:
6. Polynomial - an algebraic expression involving only non-negative
integer exponents of one or more variables and contains no variable in 1. (2x3 + 3x2 - 5x + 6) - (3x + 2x2 - 2x3 + 8)
the denominator: Ex: 2x2y - 5y3 + 7; 3x2 - 4y
2. (2x + 3)2
5
7. Term of a polynomial - a constant or a constant multiplied by a 3. (3x + 5)(3x - 5)

nonnegative integer exponents of variables. Ex: In 2x2y - 5y3 + 7, the 4. (x + 3)(x2 -3x + 9)

terms are 2x2y, 5y3, and 7. 5. (3x2 + 5x - 4)(2x - 7)

8. Monomial - a polynomial with one term. Ex: 2x2y 6. 18x3 + 24x2 - 6x

6x
9. Binomial - a polynomial with two terms. Ex: 5y3 + 7
7. (3x3 + 14x2 + 11x - 12) ÷ (x + 3)
Factoring Factor Theorem: If following the above procedure resulted to a
- process of expressing a quantity as product of two or more quantities remainder equal to zero, then the given binomial is a factor of the

1. By GCF: Ex. 26x3y2 + 65x2y3 + 91xy4 = 13xy2(2x2 + 5xy +7y2) 2. polynomial

By Grouping: Ex. 2x3 + 6x2 + 3x + 9 = (2x3 + 6x2) + (3x + 9)

Binomial Expansion
2
2x (x + 3) + 3(x + 3) 1 (a + b)0 = 1

(x + 3)(2x2 + 3) 1 1 (a + b)1 = a + b
3. Difference of Two Squares: x2 - y2 = (x + y)(x - y) 1 2 1 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
4. Sum and Difference of Two Cubes: x3 ± y3 = (x ± y)(x2 + xy + y2) 1 3 3 1 (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3

5. Perfect Square Trinomial: x2 ± 2xy + y2 = (x ± y)2 1 4 6 4 1 (a + b)4 = a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4

6. Quadratic Trinomial of the form x2 + bx + c: x2 + 7x + 10 = (x + 5)(x + 2)

7. Quadratic Trinomial of the form ax2 + bx + c ac test: If ac has factors in EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
which the sum is b, then the given quadratic expression is factorable. Solve for the value(s) of the variables:

Ex: 6x2 + 19x + 10 = (3x + 2)(2x + 5) 1. 3(2x + 5) = 2(x - 10) – x 6. |x + 5| < 8

2. 2x + 3 = 3x – 6 7. 2x = 32
Polynomials 5 4

Remainder Theorem:
3. 2(x + 3) ≤ 3x + 17 8. √2x + 1 + 5 = 8
4 3 2
Find the remainder when (3x + 11x + 8x - 5x) ÷ (x + 2)
4. |2x + 5| = 15 9. 3x2 - 10x - 8 = 0
Step 1: Equate the divisor to zero and solve, x + 2 = 0, so x = -2
5. |x + 3| = -6 10. 3x + 2y = 8
Step 2: Substitute -2 to all x’s in the polynomial 3y = x + 1
3(-2)4 + 11(-2)3 + 8(-2)2 - 5(-2)
Rational Expressions and Equations
Step 3: Evaluate, 3(16) + 11(-8) + 8(4) + 10 = 2 Thus, remainder = 2
1. x – 6
2 2
x + 15x + 56 x + 13x + 42
1. 8x2 + 4x x x2 - 4

x2 - 3x + 2 16x2 + 8x

2. x2 - x - 2 ÷ x2 - 3x - 4

x2 - 7x + 10 40 - 3x - x2

4. 8
2–x+4
12
3–x+4

5 . x 2x = 3 2 -1 2x +
+ 31
2 -x-1 x