Implicit differentiation

IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

1. Use implicit differentiation to find dy/d x at (3,4) for the equation.

4x 3 − 3xy 2 + y 3 = 28

Solution:

Use implicit differentiation to take the derivative of both sides.

dy dy
12x 2 − 3y 2 − 6xy + 3y 2 =0
dx dx

2 dy
(3y − 6xy) = 3y 2 − 12x 2
dx

dy 3y 2 − 12x 2
=
dx 3y 2 − 6xy

Evaluate dy/d x at (3,4).

dy 3(4)2 − 12(3)2 48 − 108 5

(3,4) = = =
dx 3(4) − 6(3)(4)
2 48 − 72 2

2. Use implicit differentiation to find dy/d x for the equation.

5x 3 + xy 2 = 4x 3y 3

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Solution:

Rearrange the function. We’ll do this to get all the terms that include y on
one side of the equation, which will make it easier to solve for dy/d x later
on.

5x 3 + xy 2 = 4x 3y 3

xy 2 − 4x 3y 3 = − 5x 3

Use implicit differentiation to take the derivative of both sides.

2 dy 2 3 3 2 dy
y + 2xy − 12x y − 12x y = − 15x 2
dx dx

dy 3 2 dy
2xy − 12x y = 12x 2y 3 − 15x 2 − y 2
dx dx

dy
3 2
(2xy − 12x y ) = 12x 2y 3 − 15x 2 − y 2
dx

dy 12x 2y 3 − 15x 2 − y 2
=
dx 2xy − 12x 3y 2

3. Use implicit differentiation to find dy/d x for the equation.

3x 2 = (3xy − 1)2

Solution:

2
Rearrange the function. We’ll do this to get all the terms that include y on
one side of the equation, which will make it easier to solve for dy/d x later
on.

3x 2 = (3xy − 1)2

3x 2 = 9x 2y 2 − 6xy + 1

Use implicit differentiation to take the derivative of both sides.

2 dy2 dy
6x = 18xy + 18x y − 6y − 6x
dx dx

2 dy 2 dy
6x − 18xy + 6y = 18x y − 6x
dx dx

2 2 dy
6x − 18xy + 6y = (18x y − 6x)
dx

dy 6x − 18xy 2 + 6y
=
dx 18x 2y − 6x

dy x − 3xy 2 + y
=
dx 3x 2y − x

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IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION, EQUATION OF THE TANGENT LINE

1. Use implicit differentiation to find the equation of the tangent line to

5y 2 = 2x 3 − 5y + 6 at (3,3).

Solution:

Rearrange the function.

5y 2 = 2x 3 − 5y + 6

5y 2 + 5y = 2x 3 + 6

Use implicit differentiation to take the derivative of both sides.

dy dy
10y +5 = 6x 2
dx dx

dy
(10y + 5) = 6x 2
dx

dy 6x 2
=
d x 10y + 5

Evaluate dy/d x at (3,3).

dy 6(3)2 54
(3,3) = =
dx 10(3) + 5 35

Then the equation of the tangent line is

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 y − y1 = m(x − x1)

54
y−3= (x − 3)
35

54
y= (x − 3) + 3
35

2. Use implicit differentiation to find the equation of the tangent line to

5x 3 = − 3xy + 4 at (2, − 6).

Solution:

Use implicit differentiation to take the derivative of both sides.

2 dy
15x = − 3y − 3x
dx

2 dy
15x + 3y = − 3x
dx

dy 15x 2 + 3y
=
dx −3x

dy 5x 2 + y
=−
dx x

Evaluate dy/d x at (2, − 6).

dy 5(2)2 + (−6) 20 − 6
(2, − 6) = − =− =−7
dx 2 2

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Then the equation of the tangent line is

y − y1 = m(x − x1)

y + 6 = − 7(x − 2)

y = − 7(x − 2) − 6

y = − 6x + 8

3. Use implicit differentiation to find the equation of the tangent line to

4y 2 + 8 = 3x 2 at (6, − 5).

Solution:

Use implicit differentiation to take the derivative of both sides.

dy
8y = 6x
dx

dy 6x 3x
= =
dx 8y 4y

Evaluate dy/d x at (6, − 5).

dy 3(6) 18 9
(6, − 5) = =− =−
dx 4(−5) 20 10

Then the equation of the tangent line is

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y − y1 = m(x − x1)

9
y+5=− (x − 6)
10

9
y=− (x − 6) − 5
10

9 54
y=− x+ −5
10 10

9 27 25
y=− x+ −
10 5 5

9 2
y=− x+
10 5

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IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION, SECOND DERIVATIVES

1. Use implicit differentiation to find d 2y/d x 2.

2x 3 = 2y 2 + 4

Solution:

Use implicit differentiation to take the derivative of both sides.

2 dy
6x = 4y
dx

dy 6x 2
=
dx 4y

Use implicit differentiation again on both sides to find the second

derivative.

(4y)(12x) − (6x 2)(4 ⋅ dx )

dy
2
d y
=
d x2 (4y)2

dy
2
d y 48xy − 24x 2 dx
=
dx 2 16y 2

Substitute the first derivative for dy/d x and then simplify.

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 ( 4y )
2 6x 2
d 2y 48xy − 24x
=
d x2 16y 2

36x 4
2
d y 48xy − y
=
d x2 16y 2

9x 4
2
d y 12xy − y
=
dx 2 4y 2

9x 4
2
d y 12xy − y
=
dx 2 4y 2

Multiply through the numerator and denominator by y to get rid of the

fraction in the numerator.

d 2y 12xy 2 − 9x 4
=
d x2 4y 3

2. Use implicit differentiation to find d 2y/d x 2.

4x 2 = 2y 3 + 4y − 2

Solution:

Use implicit differentiation to take the derivative of both sides.

2 dy dy
8x = 6y +4
dx dx

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 dy
8x = (6y 2 + 4)
dx

dy 8x
= 2
d x 6y + 4

dy 4x
= 2
d x 3y + 2

Use implicit differentiation again on both sides to find the second

derivative.

(4)(3y 2 + 2) − (4x)(6y ⋅ dx )
dy
2
d y
=
dx 2 (3y 2 + 2)2

dy
2
d y 12y 2 + 8 − 24xy dx
=
d x2 (3y 2 + 2)2

Substitute the first derivative for dy/d x and then simplify.

12y 2 + 8 − 24xy (
3y 2 + 2 )
4x
2
d y
=
dx 2 (3y 2 + 2)2

2 96x 2 y
d 2y 12y + 8 − 2
3y + 2
=
d x2 (3y 2 + 2)2

Multiply through the numerator and denominator by 3y 2 + 2 to get rid of

the fraction in the numerator.

d 2y 12y 2(3y 2 + 2) + 8(3y 2 + 2) − 96x 2y

=
dx 2 (3y 2 + 2)3

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 d 2y (12y 2 + 8)(3y 2 + 2) − 96x 2y
=
d x2 (3y 2 + 2)3

d 2y 4(3y 2 + 2)(3y 2 + 2) − 96x 2y

=
d x2 (3y 2 + 2)3

d 2y 4(3y 2 + 2)2 − 96x 2y

=
d x2 (3y 2 + 2)3

3. Use implicit differentiation to find d 2y/d x 2 at (0,3).

3x 2 + 3y 2 = 27

Solution:

Rewrite the equation.

3x 2 + 3y 2 = 27

x2 + y2 = 9

Use implicit differentiation to take the derivative of both sides.

dy
2x + 2y =0
dx

dy
2y = − 2x
dx

dy 2x
=−
dx 2y

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 dy x
=−
dx y

Use implicit differentiation again on both sides to find the second

derivative.

dy
2
d y (1)(y) − (x)(1) dx
=−
dx 2 y2

dy
2
d y y − x dx
=−
dx 2 y2

Substitute the first derivative for dy/d x and then simplify.

2
d y y − x (− xy )
=−
dx 2 y2

x2
d 2y y+ y
=−
dx 2 y2

Multiply through the numerator and denominator by y to get rid of the

fraction in the numerator.

d 2y y2 + x2
=−
dx 2 y3

d 2y x2 − y2
=
dx 2 y3

Evaluate the second derivative at (0,3).

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d 2y 02 − 32 −9 1
(0,3) = = = −
d x2 33 27 3

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