Exercise 2.

7 (Solutions)Page 94
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.1

Question # 1
Find y2 if
3
5 4 3 1
(i) y = 2 x − 3 x + 4 x + x − 2 (ii) y = ( 2 x + 5 ) 2 (iii) y = x+
x
Solution
(i) y = 2 x5 − 3x 4 + 4 x3 + x − 2
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d
dx
=
dx
(
2 x5 − 3x 4 + 4 x 3 + x − 2 )
⇒ y1 = ( ) ( ) ( )
2 5 x 4 − 3 4 x3 + 4 3 x 2 + 1 − 0
= 10 x 4 − 12 x3 + 12 x 2 + 1
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy1 d
dx
=
dx
(
10 x 4 − 12 x3 + 12 x 2 + 1 )
( ) ( )
⇒ y2 = 10 4 x 3 − 12 3 x 2 + 12 ( 2 x ) + 0
= 40 x3 − 36 x 2 + 24 x Ans.

3
(ii) y = ( 2 x + 5) 2

Diff. w.r.t x
3
dy d
= ( 2 x + 5) 2
dx dx
3
3 −1 d
⇒ y1 = ( 2 x + 5 ) 2 ( 2 x + 5)
2 dx
1 1
3
= ( 2 x + 5) 2 ( 2 ) = 3( 2 x + 5) 2
2
Again diff. w.r.t x
1
dy1 d
= 3 ( 2 x + 5) 2
dx dx
1
1 − 3
⇒ y2 = 3 ⋅ ( 2 x + 5 ) 2 (2) ⇒ y2 =
2 2x + 5

1
(iii) y = x+
x
1 −1
⇒ y = ( x)2 + ( x) 2

Diff. w.r.t x
FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 2

d  12
x ) + ( x ) 2  ⇒ y1 = ( x ) 2 − ( x ) 2
dy −1 1 −1 1 −3
= (
dx dx   2 2
Again diff. w.r.t x
1 d  − 12
x) − ( x) 2 
dy1 −3
= (
dx 2 dx  
1  1 −3 3 −5 
⇒ y2 =  − ( x ) 2 + ( x ) 2 
2 2 2 
1 1 3  1  −x + 3 3− x
= − 3 + 5  =  5  or y2 = 5
4  x 2 x 2  4  x 2  4x 2
Question # 2
Find y2 if
 2x + 3 
(i) y = x 2e − x (ii) y = ln  
 3x + 2 
Solution
(i) y = x 2e − x
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d 2 −x
= xe
dx dx
d d
⇒ y1 = x 2 e− x + e − x x 2
dx dx
2 −x −x
= x e (−1) + e ( 2 x )
(
= e− x − x2 + 2 x )
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy1 d −x
dx
=
dx
(
e − x2 + 2 x )
d d −x
y2 = e − x
dx
( ) (
− x2 + 2 x + − x2 + 2x
dx
e )
(
= e − x ( −2 x + 2 ) + − x 2 + 2 x e− x (−1))
(
= e − x −2 x + 2 + x 2 − 2 x )
= e− x (x 2
− 4x + 2 )
 2x + 3 
(ii) y = ln  
 3x + 2 
⇒ y = ln ( 2 x + 3) − ln ( 3 x + 2 )
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d d
⇒ = ln ( 2 x + 3) − ln ( 3 x + 2 )
dx dx dx
1 1
⇒ y1 = ( 2) − ( 3)
2x + 3 3x + 2

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 3

−1 −1
= 2 ( 2 x + 3) − 3 ( 3 x + 2 )
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy1 d −1 d −1
= 2 ( 2 x + 3) − 3 ( 3 x + 2 )
dx dx dx
⇒ y2 = 2  − ( 2 x + 3) (2)  − 3  − ( 3 x + 2 ) (3) 
−2 −2
   
4 9
⇒ y2 = − 2
+ 2
Ans.
( 2 x + 3 ) ( 3 x + 2 )
2 2
− 4 ( 3x + 2 ) + 9 ( 3x + 2 )
OR y2 = 2 2
( 2 x + 3) ( 3 x + 2 )
2

=
( ) (
− 4 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4 + 9 4 x 2 + 12 x + 9 )
2 2
( 2 x + 3) ( 3 x + 2 )
− 36 x 2 − 48 x − 16 + 36 x 2 + 108 x + 81 60 x + 65
= 2 2
= 2 2
Ans.
( 2 x + 3) ( 3 x + 2 ) ( 2 x + 3) ( 3 x + 2 )

1− x
(iii) y =
1+ x
Diff. w.r.t x
1
dy d  1− x 2
=  
dx dx  1 + x 
By solving, you will get (differentiate here)
−1 −1 −3
⇒ y1 = 1 3 = − (1 − x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2
(1 − x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2
Again diff. w.r.t x
= − (1 − x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 
dy1 d −1 −3

dx dx  
−1 d −3 −3 d −1
⇒ y2 = − (1 − x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 − (1 + x ) 2 (1 − x ) 2
dx dx
−1  3 −5  −3  1 −3 
= − (1 − x ) 2  − (1 + x ) 2 (1)  − (1 + x ) 2  − (1 − x ) 2 (−1) 
 2   2 
3 1
= 1 5 − 3 3
2 (1 − x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 2 (1 + x ) 2 (1 − x ) 2
3(1 − x) − (1 + x) 3 − 3x − 1 − x
= 3 5 = 3 5
2 (1 − x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 2 (1 − x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2
2 − 4x 1 − 2x
= 3 5 = 3 5 Ans.
2 (1 − x ) (1 + x )
2 2 (1 − x ) (1 + x )
2 2

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 4

Question # 3
Find y2 if
(i) x 2 + y 2 = a 2 (ii) x 3 − y 3 = a 3 (iii) x = a cosθ , y = a sin θ
(iv) x = at 2 , y = bt 4 (v) x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
Solution
(i) x2 + y2 = a2
Diff. w.r.t x
d 2 d 2 dy
dx
(
x + y2 = )
dx
a ⇒ 2x + 2 y
dx
= 0
x
⇒ 2 y y1 = − 2 x ⇒ y1 = −
y
Again diff. w.r.t x
 dx dy 
 y − x 
dy1 d x
⇒ = −   ⇒ y2 = −  dx 2 dx 
dx dx  y   y 
 
  x
 y (1) − x  −  
⇒ y2 = −   y ∵
dy
=−
x
 y2  dx y
 
 
 x2   y 2 + x2 
 y +   
y y
= −  = − 
 y 
2
 y
2

   
   
 x2 + y 2 
= − 3  Ans.
 y 
a2
OR y2 = − 3 ∵ x2 + y 2 = a2
y

(ii) x3 − y3 = a3
Diff. w.r.t x
d 3 d 3
dx
(
x − y3 = ) dx
a
dy
3x 2 − 3 y 2 = 0
dx
x2
⇒ − 3 y y1 = − 3 x
2 2
⇒ y1 = 2
y
Again diff. w.r.t x

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 5

dy1 d  x2 
⇒ =  
dx dx  y 2 
d d
y 2 ( x2 ) − x2 ( y 2 )
⇒ y2 = dx dx
2
y2 ( )
 dy 
y 2 (2 x) − x 2  2 y 
=  dx 
4
y
2  x 
2
2
2 xy − 2 x y  2 
 y  dy x2
= ∵ = 2
y4 dx y
4 3 4
2x 2 xy − 2 x
2 xy 2 −
y y
= 4
=
y y4

=
(
− 2x x3 − y 3 ) Ans.
y5

OR y2 =
( )
− 2x a 3
∵ x3 − y 3 = a3
5
y
2a 3 x
⇒ y2 = − 5
y

(iii) x = a cosθ , y = a sin θ

Diff. x w.r.t θ
Diff y w.r.t θ
dx d
= a cosθ dy d
dθ dθ = a sin θ
= − a sin θ dθ dθ
= a cosθ
dθ 1
⇒ = −
dx a sin θ
Now by chain rule
dy dy dθ
= ⋅
dx dθ dx
−1
= a cosθ ⋅ ⇒ y1 = − cot θ
a sin θ
Now diff. y1 w.r.t θ
dy1 d
= − cot θ
dx dx
dθ
⇒ y2 = + cosec2 θ
dx

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 6

 1 
= cosec 2 θ . − 
 a sin θ 
−1
⇒ y2 =
a sin 3 θ

(iv) x = at 2 , y = bt 4
Diff. x w.r.t t Diff. y w.r.t t
dx d 2
= a t dy d
dt dt = b (t 4 )
= 2at dt dt
= 4bt 3
dt 1
⇒ =
dx 2at
Now by chain rule
dy dy dt
= ⋅
dx dt dx
1 2b 2
= 4bt 3 ⋅ ⇒ y1 = t
2at a
Now diff. y1 w.r.t x
dy1 2b d 2 2b d 2 dt
dx
=
a dx
( )
t =
a dt
( )
t ⋅
dx
2b 1 2b
⇒ y2 = ( 2t ) ⋅ ⇒ y2 = 2
a 2at a

(v) x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
d 2 d
⇒
dx
( )
x + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = (0)
dx
dy dy
⇒ 2 x + 2 y + 2 g (1) + 2 f +0=0
dx dx
dy
⇒ (2 y + 2 f ) + (2x + 2g ) = 0
dx
dy
⇒ (2 y + 2 f ) = − ( 2x + 2g )
dx
⇒
dy
= −
( 2x + 2g ) ⇒ y = − x + g
1
dx (2 y + 2 f ) y+ f
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy1 d  x+g 
= −  
dx dx  y + f 
 d d 
 ( y + f ) dx ( x + g ) − ( x + g ) dx ( y + f ) 
⇒ y2 = −  2 
 (y+ f ) 
 

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 7

dy  x+g 
( y + f )(1) − ( x + g ) ( y + f ) − ( x + g ) − 
= − dx = −  y+ f 
2 2
(y+ f ) (y+ f )
2 2
(y+ f ) +(x + g)
2 2

= −
y+ f
= −
( y + f ) + (x + g) Ans.
2 3
(y+ f ) (y+ f )
y 2 + 2 yf + f 2 + x 2 + 2 xg + g 2
OR y2 = − 3
(y+ f )
= −
(x 2
)
+ y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c − c + f 2 + g 2
3
(y+ f )
0 − c + f 2 + g2
= − 3
∵ x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
(y+ f )
c − f 2 − g2
⇒ y2 = 3
Ans.
(y+ f )
Question # 4
Find y4 if
(i) y = sin 3 x (ii) y = cos3 x (
(iii) y = ln x 2 − 9 )
Solution
(i) y = sin 3 x
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d
= ( sin 3x )
dx dx
⇒ y1 = cos3 x (3) ⇒ y1 = 3cos3 x
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy1 d
= 3 cos3 x ⇒ y2 = 3 ( − sin 3 x (3) ) ⇒ y2 = − 9sin 3 x
dx dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy2 d
= − 9 sin 3 x
dx dx
⇒ y3 = − 9 cos3x (3) ⇒ y3 = − 27 cos3 x
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy3 d
= − 27 cos3 x ⇒ y4 = − 27 ( − sin 3 x (3) )
dx dx
⇒ y4 = 81sin 3 x

(ii) y = cos3 x
Diff w.r.t x

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 8

dy d
dx
=
dx
(
cos3 x )
d
(
⇒ y1 = 3 cos 2 x
dx
)cos x

( )
⇒ y1 = 3 cos 2 x ( − sin x )
⇒ y1 = 3 (1 − sin x ) ( − sin x )
2
⇒ y1 = − 3sin x + 3sin 3 x
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy1 d d
= − 3 sin x + 3 sin 3 x
dx dx dx
d
⇒ y2 = − 3cos x + 9sin 2 x sin x
dx
(
⇒ y2 = − 3cos x + 9 1 − cos 2 x cos x )
= − 3cos x + 9cos x − 9cos3 x = 6cos x − 9cos3 x
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy2 d d
= 6 cos x − 9 cos3 x
dx dx dx
d
(
⇒ y3 = 6 ( − sin x ) − 9 −3sin x + 3sin 3 x ) ∵
dx
(cos3 x) = −3sin x + 3sin 3 x

= − 6sin x + 27sin x − 27sin 3 x = 21sin x − 27sin 3 x

Again diff. w.r.t x
dy3 d d
= 21 sin x − 27 sin 3 x
dx dx dx
d
⇒ y4 = 21( cos x ) − 27 3sin 2 x (dx
)
sin x

( )
= 21cos x − 81sin 2 x ( cos x ) = 21cos x − 81 1 − cos 2 x ( cos x )
= 21cos x − 81cos x + 81cos3 x = − 60cos x + 54cos3 x
Alternative:
y = cos3 x
Since cos3 x = 4cos3 x − 3cos x
1
⇒ cos3 x − 3cos x = 4cos3 x ⇒ cos3 x = ( cos3x − 3cos x )
4
Therefore
1
y = ( cos3x − 3cos x )
4
Now diff. w.r.t x
dy 1 d d 
⇒ =  cos3 x − 3 cos x 
dx 4  dx dx 
Do yourself

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 9

(iii) y = ln x 2 − 9( )
= ln ( x + 3)( x − 3)  = ln ( x + 3) + ln ( x − 3)
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d d
= ln( x + 3) + ln( x − 3)
dx dx dx
1 1
⇒ y1 = +
x+3 x −3
−1 −1
= ( x + 3) + ( x − 3)
Again diff w.r.t x
dy1 d −1 d −1
= ( x + 3) + ( x − 3)
dx dx dx
−2 −2
⇒ y2 = − ( x + 3 ) − ( x − 3 )
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy2 d −2 d −2 −3 −3
= − ( x + 3 ) − ( x − 3) ⇒ y3 = 2 ( x + 3) + 2 ( x − 3)
dx dx dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy3 d −3 d −3
= 2 ( x + 3) + 2 ( x − 3)
dx dx dx
(
⇒ y4 = 2 −3 ( x + 3)
−4
) + 2 ( −3( x − 3) ) −4

−6 −6  1 1 
= 4
+ 4
= − 6 4
+ 4
Ans.
( x + 3) ( x + 3)  ( x + 3) ( x + 3) 
Question # 5
If x = sin θ , y = sin mθ , Show that 1 − x 2 y2 − xy1 + m 2 y = 0( )
Solution x = sin θ …… (i) , y = sin mθ ……..(ii)
From (i) θ = sin −1 x , putting in (ii)
(
y = sin m sin −1 x )
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d
dx
=
dx
sin m sin −1 x ( )
d
⇒ y1 = cos m sin −1 x ( dx
m sin −1 x )
1
(
= cos m sin −1 x ⋅ m )
1 − x2
⇒ y1 1 − x 2 = m cos m sin −1 x ( )
Taking square on both sides.
( ) (
y12 1 − x 2 = m 2 cos 2 m sin −1 x)
⇒ y (1 − x ) = m (1 − sin (m sin x) )
2
1
2 2 2 −1
∵ cos 2 x = 1 − sin 2 x

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 10

(
⇒ y12 1 − x 2 = m 2 1 − y 2) ( ) From (ii)
Now again diff. w.r.t x
d 2 d
dx
(
y1 1 − x 2 = m 2
dx
)
1 − y2 ( )
d d 2  dy 
⇒ y12
dx
(
1 − x2 + 1 − x2
dx
) (
y1 = m 2  0 − 2 y 

)
dx 
dy dy
(
⇒ y12 ( −2 x ) + 1 − x 2 2 y1 1 = − 2m 2 y
dx dx
)
2 2
(
⇒ − 2 xy1 + 1 − x 2 y1 y2 = − 2m y y1 2
)
(
⇒ 2 y1 − xy1 + 1 − x 2 y2 ( ) ) (
= 2 y1 −m 2 y )
(
⇒ − xy1 + 1 − x 2 y2 = − m 2 y )
( )
⇒ 1 − x 2 y2 − xy1 + m 2 y = 0 Proved
Question # 6
x d2y dy
If y = e sin x , show that 2
− 2 + 2y = 0
dx dx
x
Solution y = e sin x
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d x
= e sin x
dx dx
d d
= e x sin x + sin x e x
dx dx
= e cos x + sin x e = e x ( cos x + sin x )
x x

Again diff. w.r.t x

d  dy  d x
  = e ( cos x + sin x )
dx  dx  dx
d2y d d
⇒ 2
= e x ( cos x + sin x ) + ( cos x + sin x ) e x
dx dx dx
= e ( − sin x + cos x ) + ( cos x + sin x ) e = e x ( − sin x + cos x + cos x + sin x )
x x

= e x ( 2cos x ) = 2e x cos x
Now
d2y dy
L.H.S = − 2 + 2y
dx 2 dx
= 2e x cos x − 2e x ( cos x + sin x ) + 2e x sin x
= 2e x ( cos x − cos x − sin x + sin x )
= 0
d2y dy
i.e. − 2 + 2y = 0 Proved
[
dx 2 dx
Question # 7

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 11

d2y dy
If y = eax sin bx , show that
dx 2 (
− 2a + a 2 + b 2 y = 0
dx
)
Solution y = eax sin bx
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d ax
= e sin bx
dx dx
d d
= e ax sin bx + sin bx e ax = e ax cos bx(b) + sin bx eax (a)
dx dx
ax
= e ( b cos bx + a sin bx )
Again diff. w.r.t x
d  dy  d ax
  = e ( b cos bx + a sin bx )
dx  dx  dx
d2y ax d d ax
⇒ = e ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) + ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) e
dx 2 dx dx
= e ax ( − b sin bx (b) + a cos bx (b) ) + ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) eax (a )
(
= e ax − b 2 sin bx + ab cos bx + ab cos bx + a 2 sin bx )
= e ( 2ab cos bx + a sin bx − b sin bx )
ax 2 2

= e ( 2ab cos bx + 2a sin bx − a sin bx − b sin bx )

ax 2 2 2

= e  2a ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) − ( a + b ) sin bx 

ax 2 2

= 2ae ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) − ( a + b ) e sin bx

ax 2 2 ax

d2y dy d y dy 2
⇒ = 2a − ( a + b ) y ⇒ 2 2
− 2a + ( a + b ) y 2 2
= 0
dx 2 dx dx dx 2

Question # 8
2
( )
If y = Cos −1 x , prove that 1 − x 2 y2 − xy1 − 2 = 0 ( )
2
Solution y = ( Cos x ) −1

Diff. w.r.t x
dy d
) dxd Cos
2

dx
=
dx
Cos −1 x( ) ⇒ y1 = 2 Cos −1 x ( −1
x
−1
(
⇒ y1 = 2 Cos −1 x ⋅ ) ⇒ y1 1 − x 2 = − 2 Cos −1 x ( )
1 − x2
On squaring both sides
2
( ) = 4 ( Cos x )
y12 1 − x 2 −1

2
⇒ y12 (1 − x ) = 4 y
2
∵ y = Cos −1 x ( )
Again diff. w.r.t x
d 2 dy
dx
(
y1 1 − x 2 ) =4
dx

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 12

(
⇒ 1 − x2 ) dxd y
2
1 + y12
d
dx
(1 − x2 ) = 4 y1
dy1
( )
⇒ 1 − x 2 ⋅ 2 y1 + y12 ( −2 x ) = 4 y1 ⇒ 2 y1  1 − x 2 y2 − xy1  = 4 y1
( )
dx

]
⇒ (1 − x ) y
2
2 − xy1 − 2 = 0

Question # 9
d2y dy
If y = a cos ( ln x ) + b sin ( ln x ) , prove that x 2 2
+x +y= 0
dx dx
Solution y = a cos ( ln x ) + b sin ( ln x )
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d d
= a cos ( ln x ) + b sin ( ln x )
dx dx dx
d d
= a  − sin ( ln x )  (ln x) + b cos ( ln x ) (ln x)
dx dx
1 1
= − a sin ( ln x ) + b cos ( ln x )
x x
dy
⇒ x = − a sin ( ln x ) + b cos ( ln x )
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
d  dy  d d
 x  = − a sin ( ln x ) + b cos ( ln x )
dx  dx  dx dx
d  dy  dy  dx  d d
⇒ x   + ⋅   = − a cos ( ln x ) ( ln x ) + b ( − sin ( ln x ) ) ( ln x )
dx  dx  dx  dx  dx dx
d 2 y dy 1 1
⇒ x 2 + ⋅ (1) = − a cos ( ln x ) ⋅ − b sin ( ln x ) ⋅
dx dx x x
2 2
d y dy 1 2 d y dy
⇒ x 2 + = − ( a cos ( ln x ) + b sin ( ln x ) ) ⇒ x 2
+x = −y
dx dx x dx dx
2
d y dy
⇒ x 2 2 + x + y = 0 Proved
dx dx
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Book: Exercise 2.7, page 94

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XII
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in PDF Format
(Picture format to view online).
Updated: September,14,2017.

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