Z-SCORES AND THE

STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
Here starts the
lesson!
 - Normal
Table Distribution

of
- Z Scores and the
Contents! Area under the Curve

-Z Scores
 Normal Distribution

● If a continuous random variable has a

distribution with a graph that is
symmetric and bell-shaped, we can
say that this is has a normal
distribution.
 1. The distribution curve is
bell-shaped.
2. The curve is symmetric
about it center, the mean(μ).
3. The width of the curve is
determined by the standard
Characteristic deviation(σ) of the
distribution.
of 4. The tails of the curve
Normal flatten out indefinitely along
Distribution: the horizontal axis, always
approaching the axis but
never touching it. The is, the
curve is asymptotic to the
base line.
5. The arithmetic Mean,
Median and Mode are equal.
- A standard normal
distribution is also called
the z-distribution, a specific
normal distribution where
the mean is 0 and the
standard deviation is 1. d a rd
n
Also, have a three following A sta
properties o r m al
N
b u t ion
Distr i
 1. A Bell-shaped: The Standard Normal
distribution is bell-shaped.

2. μ = 0: The Standard normal distribution has

a mean(μ) is equal to 0.

3. σ = 1: The standard normal distribution has

a standard deviation(σ) is equal to 1.
 Z-score Formula Explanation

 x = individual
value
 μ = mean
 σ = standard
deviation

You only need to know the mean and standard

deviation of your distribution to find the z-score of a
value.
You only need to know the
mean and standard
deviation of your
distribution to find the z-
score of a value.
 ● To find the probability of observations in

a distribution falling above or below a

given value.

We convert normal distributions into the ● To find the probability that a sample

mean significantly differs from a known

standard normal distribution for several
population mean.
reasons:
● To compare scores on different

distributions with different means and

standard deviations.
 Finding probability using the z-
distribution

Each z-score is associated with a probability, or p-value, that tells you the likelihood
of values below that z-score occurring. If you convert an individual value into a
z-score, you can then find the probability of all values up to that value
occurring in a normal distribution.
To find the probability of SAT scores in your sample exceeding 1380, you first find
the z-score.
The mean of our distribution is 1150, and the standard deviation is 150. The z-score
tells you how many standard deviations away 1380 is from the mean.

Formula Calculation
For a z-score of 1.53, the p-value is 0.937. This is the probability of SAT
scores being 1380 or less (93.7%), and it’s the area under the curve left of
the shaded area.
 
To find the shaded area, you take away 0.937 from 1, which is the total area
under the curve.
Probability of x > 1380 = 1 – 0.937 = 0.063
That means it is likely that only 6.3% of SAT scores in your sample exceed
1380.
 Area under the curve is calculated by different
methods, of which the antiderivative method of
finding the area is most popular. The area under the
curve can be found by knowing the equation of the
curve, the boundaries of the curve, and the axis Area
enclosing the curve. Generally, we have formulas Under th
e
for finding the areas of regular figures such as Curve
square, rectangle, quadrilateral, polygon, circle, but
there is no defined formula to find the area under
the curve. The process of integration helps to solve
the equation and find the required area.
 
 FINDING AREAS UNDER THE
STANDARD NORMAL CURVE

A four-decimal place number in the table gives the area under the standard normal curve
between 0 and a specified number.

Example: Determine the area under the standard normal curve between 0 and 1.96

Solution: First go down the left-hand column. Labeled z to “1.9”, Then go across
that row until the column 0.06. The number in the table, 0.4750, is the area under
the standard normal curve between 0 and 1.96.
Example 2 :

Determine the area under the standard normal curve between z = -1.53 and 0.
Example 3 :

Find the area under the normal curve to the right of z = 0.71.
Example 4 :

Find the area under the standard normal curve to the left of z = -2.12.
Example 5 :

Find the area under the standard normal curve between z = 1.08 and z = 2.96.
Example 6

Determine the area under the standard normal curve between z = -1.3 and z =
0.99.
A=A+
1 A2
 Standard Scores
(Z –score)

- Determines the proportion of the total area

greater than, in between, or less than an
empirical value.

- It transforms the original score into units of

standard deviation.
Formula:

Z = z score
X =individual value
μ = population mean
σ= population standard deviation
FINDING THE Z VALUES

Z= 1.32
0.5 – 0.9671 = 0.4671

Z= 1.84
 0.4761

0.5 – 0.0239 = 0.4761

Z= 1.98
If you are looking up an
area that is not in the
table, use the area that is
CLOSEST to the one you
need.
0.04719 and 0.4726

Z= 1.91
If you are looking up an
area that is not in the
table, and it falls exactly
halfway between two
areas in the table, use the
LARGEST area.
0.04495 and 0.4505

Z= 1.65
STANDARDIZING A NORMAL CURVE

Example 1:

In statistics examination, the mean grade is 78 and the standard deviation is

10. Find the following:
a. The corresponding z-score of two students whose grade are 93 and 62
respectively.
b. The grades of two students whose z-scores are 0.6 and 1.2 respectively.
a.) if x = 93 b.) if x = 62
z= 93-78 z= 62-78
10 10
z= 15 z= -16
10 10
z= 1.5 z= -1.6
EXAMPLE 2:

μ = 18 σ=4

a.) if z = 0.025
0.025 = x-18
4
0.1= x - 18
18 + 0.1 = x
18.1 = x
EXAMPLE 3:

μ = 52 σ=5

a.) if x = 8
z = 8 - 52
5
z = -44
5
z = 8.8
 Reported by:

The John Vincent Advincula

End !!! Errol Mandrake Arce

Genesis Cadaeg
Rheanna Banguilan
Joanne Barrios
Jane Ann Claro