Derivadas de orden superior

Mauricio Jimenez Coronel

Determinar la segunda derivada de las siguientes funciones:

1. y=x 5−x 4+ x3 −x2 + x−1

La primera derivada es:

dy d 5 4 3 2
= [ x −x + x −x + x−1 ]
dx dx

dy d 5 d 4 d 3 d 2 d d
= [ x ] − [ x ]+ [ x ] − [ x ] + [ x ] + [−1]
dx dx dx dx dx dx dx

dy
=5 x 4−4 x 3+3 x 2−2 x+ 1
dx

La segunda derivada es:

d2 y d [ 4 3 2
= 5 x −4 x + 3 x −2 x +1 ]
dx dx

d2 y d 4 d 3 d 2 d d
=5. [ x ] −4. [ x ]+3. [ x ]−2. [ x ] + [ 1 ]
dx dx dx dx dx dx

d2 y 3 2
=5.4 x −4.3 x +3.2 x−2.1
dx

d2 y 3 2
=20 x −12 x +6 x−2
dx

2. y= √ 32 −x2
La primera derivada es:

dy d
= [ √3 2−x 2 ]
dx dx

1
dy 1 [ 2
−1
d
= 9−x 2 ] . [ 9−x 2 ]
dx 2 dx

d
[ 9 ]− d [ x2 ]
dy dx dx
=
dx 2 √ 9−x
2

dy −2 x
=
dx 2 √ 9−x2

dy −x
=
dx √9−x 2

La segunda derivada es:

d2 y d
=
dx dx [ −x
√ 9−x 2 ]
d 2 y −d x
=
dx d x [√ ]
9−x2

d d
2 [ x ] . √ 9−x 2−x . [ √ 9−x 2 ]
d y dx dx
=
dx 2
( √9−x 2 )

1
1 2 2 2
−1
d
2 − √ 9−x −x . ( 9−x ) . [ 9−x 2 ]
d y 2 dx
=
dx 9−x 2
 −√ 9−x 2−
x ( dxd [ 9]− ddx [ x ] ) 2

2
d y 2 √ 9−x2
=
dx 9−x2

x (−2 x)
2
−√ 9−x 2−
d y 2 √ 9−x 2
=
dx 9−x 2

x2
−√ 9−x 2−
d2 y √ 9−x2
=
dx 9−x 2

d2 y −1 x2
= − 3
dx √ 9−x 2
(9−x 2) 2

d2 y −9
= 3
dx
(9−x 2) 2

1
3. y=
√ 1−x 2

La primera derivada es:

dy d 1
=
dx dx [√ ]
1−x2

−1
dy −1 −1
d
dx
=
2 ( )
( 1−x 2 ) 2
.
dx
[ 1−x 2 ]
 d d
− [1]− [ x2]
dy dx dx
=
dx 3
2 2
2(1−x )

dy −−2 x
=
dx 2 2
3
2(1−x )

dy x
=
dx 3
2 2
(1−x )

La segunda derivada es:

d2 y d x
=
dx dx
[ ]( 1−x )
3
2 2

3 3

2
d y dx
d
[ x ] .(1−x 2) 2 −x . d ( 1−x 2) 2
dx
[ ]
=
dx 3 2
(( 1−x 2) ¿ ¿ ) ¿
2

3 3
2 2 3 2 2
−1
d 2
2 (1−x ) −x . ( 1−x ) . [ 1−x ]
d y 2 dx
=
dx (1−x 2)3

3
3 x (−2 x ) √ 1−x 2
2 2
( 1−x ) −
d2 y 2
=
dx ( 1−x 2 )
3

3
2 2 2
d y (1−x ) 2 + 3 x √ 1−x
2
=
dx (1−x 2)3

d2 y 1 3 x2
= 3
+ 5
dx
(1−x2 ) 2 (1−x2 ) 2
 d 2 y 2 x 2+1
= 5
dx
(1−x2 ) 2

4. y + x=xy

La primera derivada es:

dy d d
= [ xy ]− [ x ]
dx dx dx

dy d d
=x . [ y ] + y . [ x ] −1
dx dx dx
dy dy
=x . + y −1
dx dx

dy dy
−x = y−1
dx dx

dy
[ 1−x ] = y−1
dx

y −1
y=
[ 1−x ]

La segunda derivada es:

y −1
y=
[ 1−x ]

d 2 y d y−1
=
dx dx 1−x [ ]
 d d
2 [ 1−x ] [ y−1 ] −[ y−1] [1−x ]
d y dx dx
=
dx [1−x ] 2

2
[ 1−x ] . d [ y ] − d [ 1 ] −[ y−1 ] . d [ 1 ] − d [ x ]
[ ] [ ]
d y dx dx dx dx
= 2
dx [1−x ]

dy
2
d y
=
[ 1−x ] [ dx ]
−0 −[ y−1 ] .[0−1]

dx [1−x ]2

2
[ 1−x ] dy − [ y−1 ] .[−1]
[ ]
d y dx
=
dx [1−x ]2

2
[ 1−x ] dy + [ y−1 ]
[ ]
d y dx
=
dx [1−x ]2

5. y=x 2 e x

La primera derivada es:

dy d 2 x
= [x e ]
dx dx

dy d 2 x 2 d x
= [ x ] .e +x . [e ]
dx dx dx

dy
=2 x e x + x 2 e x
dx
 dy
=x 2 e x +2 x e x
dx

dy
=x (x+2) e x
dx

La segunda derivada es:

d2 y d ( x
= [ x x +2 ) e ]
dx dx

d2 y d x d x d x
= [ x ] . ( x+2 ) e + x . [ x+2 ] . e + x ( x+ 2 ) . [ e ]
dx dx dx dx

d2 y ( d
= x +2 ) e x + x ([ x ] + d [ 2 ] e x + x ( x+2 ) e x
)
dx dx dx

d2 y x x x
=x ( 1+ 0 ) e + ( x +2 ) e + x (x+ 2) e
dx

d2 y x x x
=x ( x +2 ) e + ( x+ 2 ) e + x e
dx

d2 y 2 x
=( x + 4 x+ 2)e
dx

6. y=e x +1

La primera derivada es:

dy d x +1 2

= [e ]
dx dx

dy 2
d
=e x +1 . [ x 2 +1 ]
dx dx
dy d 2 d
( )
2

=e x +1 [ x ]+ [ 1 ]
dx dx dx

dy 2

=e x +1 (2 x+ 0)
dx

dy 2

=2 x e x +1
dx

La segunda derivada es:

d2 y
=¿ [2 x e x +1 ¿
2

dx

d2 y d x +1
2

=2. [ x e ]
dx dx

d2 y d
[ x ] . e x +1 + x . d [ e x +1 ]
( )
2 2

=2
dx dx dx

d2 y
=2 ¿
dx

d2 y d 2 d
dx ( (
=2 x e x +1
dx
2

[ x ]+ [ 1 ] + e x +1
dx )
2

)
d2 y x +1
2
x +1
2

=2 ( x e (2 x +0 ) +e )
dx

d2 y 2 x +1 x +1
2 2

=2 ( 2 x e + e )
dx

d2 y 2 x +1 x +1
2 2

=4 x e +2 e
dx
 e6 x
7. y=ln ( 2 x +3 )
e6 x
dy d
=
dx dx
ln
2 x+ 3[ ( )]
dy 2 x +3 d e6 x
dx
= 6x .
e dx 2 x +3 [ ]
d 6x
[ e ] . ( 2 x +3 )−e6 x . d [ 2 x +3 ]
dy dx dx
= ( 2 x +3) e−6 x
dx ( 2 x +3 ) 2

d
( e6 x . [ 6 x ] . ( 2 x +3 )− 2. d [ x ] + d [ 3 ] e 6 x e−6 x
( ) )
dy dx dx dx
=
dx 2 x+ 3

d
dy ( )
6x
e .6 . [ x ] . ( 2 x +3 ) −( 2.1+ 0 ) e6 x e−6 x
dx
=
dx 2 x+3

6x 6x −6 x
dy (6 e .1 ( 2 x+ 3 )−2 e ) e
=
dx 2 x+3

−6 x
dy e ( 6 ( 2 x +3 )−2e 6 x )
=
dx 2 x +3

dy 12 x+ 16
=
dx 2 x +3

La segunda derivada es:

d 2 y 12 x+16
dx
= [
2 x+3 ]
 d d
2 [ 12 x+ 16 ] . ( 2 x+3 )−( 12 x +16 ) . [ 2 x +3 ]
d y dx dx
=
dx (2 x+3) 2

d d d d
2
d y
=
( 12. [ x ] + [ 16 ] ) ( 2 x+3 )−( 12 x +16 )( 2. [ x ] + [ 3 ] )
dx dx dx dx
dx (2 X +3)2

d 2 y ( 12.1+ 0 ) ( 2 x +3 )−(12 x+16)(2.1+0)

=
dx (2 x +3)2

d 2 y 12 ( 2 x+ 3 )−2(12 x+ 16)
= 2
dx (2 x+3)

d2 y 12 2(12 x+16)
= −
dx 2 x +3 (2 x +3)2

d2 y 4
=
dx (2 x+ 3)2

8. y=cos ( e−3 x ) + tan ( x2 )

La primera derivada es:

dy d
= [ cos ( e−3 x ) + tan ⁡( x2 ) ]
dx dx

dy d d
= [ cos ( e−3 x ) ]+ [ tan ( x 2 ) ]
dx dx dx

dy d d
=(−sen ( e−3 x ) ) . [ e−3 x ] + sec 2 ( x 2 ) . [ x 2 ]
dx dx dx
dy d
=−e−3 x . [ −3 x ] . sen ( e−3 x ) + sec 2 ( x 2 ) .2 x
dx dx

dy d
dx ( )
=−e−3 x −3. [ x ] sen ( e−3 x ) + sec 2 ( x 2) .2 x
dx

dy
=3 e−3 x . sen ( e−3 x ) + sec 2 ( x 2 ) .2 x
dx

dy
=3 e−3 x sen ( e−3 x ) + 2 x sec 2 ( x 2)
dx

La segunda derivada es:

d2 y −3 x −3 x 2 2
=[ 3 e sen ( e ) +2 x sec ( x ) ]
dx

d2 y −3 x −3 x d 2 2
=3. [ e sen ( e ) ] +2. [ x sec ( x ) ]
dx dx

d2 y d [ −3 x ] d d
=3 (e . sen ( e−3 x ) +e−3 x . [ sen ( e−3 x ) ] +2 [ x ] . sec 2 ( x 2 ) + x . d [ sec 2 ( x 2 ) ]
) ( )
dx dx dx dx dx

d2 y d d d
dx ( dx dx ) (
=3 e−3 x . [ −3 x ] . sen ( e−3 x ) +e−3 x cos ( e−3 x ) . [ e−3 x ] +2 sec 2 ( x2 ) + x . [ sec ( x 2) ]
dx )
d2 y d d
dx ( ( ) ) (
=3 e−3 x −3. [ x ] sen ( e−3 x ) + e−3 x e−3 x cos ( e−3 x ) . [ −3 x ] +2 sec 2 ( x 2 ) + x .2 sec ( x 2 ) sec ( x 2 ) tan ( x
dx dx

d2 y d
dx ( ( ))
=3 −3 e−3 x . sen ( e−3 x ) +cos ( e−3 x ) e−6 x −3. [ x ] +2 ( sec 2 ( x 2 ) + x . x .2.2 sec 2 ( x 2 ) tan ( x 2) )
dx

d2 y −3 x −3 x −3 x −6 x 2 2 2 2 2 2
=3 (−3 e sen ( e ) −3 cos ( e ) e .1 ) +2 ( 4 x sec ( x ) tan ( x ) +sec ( x ) )
dx

d2 y −3 x −3 x −6 x −3 x 2 2 2 2 2 2
=3 (−3 e sen ( e ) −3 e cos ( e ) ) + 2 ( 4 x s ec ( x ) tan ( x ) + sec ( x ) )
dx
 d2 y −3 x −3 x −6 x −3 x 2 2 2 2 2 2
=−9 e sen ( e ) −9 e cos ( e ) + 8 x sec ( x ) tan ( x ) +2 sec ( x )
dx

9. y=xsen ( 2 x ) +cos ( 3 x )

La primera derivada es:

dy
=[ cos ( 3 x )+ xsen ( 2 x ) ]
dx

dy d
=[ cos ( 3 x ) ] + [ xsen ( 2 x ) ]
dx dx

dy d d d
=(−sen ( 3 x ) ) . [ 3 x ] + [ x ] . sen ( 2 x ) + x . [ sen ( 2 x ) ]
dx dx dx dx

dy d d
=−3. [ x ] . sen ( 3 x ) + sen ( 2 x ) + xcos ( 2 x ) . [2 x]
dx dx dx

dy d
=−3.1 sen ( 3 x )+ sen ( 2 x )+ xcos ( 2 x ) .2. [ x ]
dx dx

dy
=−3 sen ( 3 x ) +sen ( 2 x ) +2 xcos ( 2 x ) .1
dx

dy
=−3 sen ( 3 x ) +sen ( 2 x ) +2 xcos (2 x)
dx

La segunda derivada es:

d2 y
=[ −3 sen ( 3 x ) + sen ( 2 x ) +2 xco s ( 2 x ) ]
dx

d2 y d d d
=−3. [ sen ( 3 x ) ] + [ sen ( 2 x ) ] +2. [ xcos ( 2 x ) ]
dx dx dx dx
 d2 y d d d
=−3 cos (3 x ) . [ 3 x ] +cos ( 2 x ) . [ 2 x ] +2 [ x ] . cos ( 2 x ) + x . d [ cos ( 2 x ) ]
( )
dx dx dx dx dx

d2 y d d d
dx dx dx (
=−3 cos (3 x ) .3. [ x ] +cos (2 x ) .2 . [ x ] +2 1 cos ( 2 x ) + x (−sen (2 x ) ) . [ 2 x ]
dx )
d2 y d
dx (
=−9 cos ( 3 x ) .1+2cos ( 2 x ) .1+ 2 cos ( 2 x ) −x .2 . [ x ] . sen (2 x )
dx )
d2 y
=−9 cos ( 3 x ) +2 ( cos ( 2 x )−2 x . sen ( 2 x ) )+ 2cos ⁡(2 x)
dx

d2 y
=−9 cos ( 3 x ) +2 ( cos ( 2 x )−2 xsen ( 2 x ) ) +2 cos ⁡(2 x )
dx
d2 y
=−9 cos ( 3 x )−4 xsen ( 2 x )+ 4 cos (2 x)
dx

10. y=(3 x 2+7)−2+11 x−3

La primera derivada es:

dy d 1 11
=
[ +
dx dx ( 3 x 2 +7 ) x 3
2
]
dy d 1 d 1
=
[
d x dx ( 3 x 2+7 )2
+11.
]
dx x 3 [ ]
dy −3 d
=(−2 ) ( 3 x 2 +7 ) . [ 3 x2 +7 ] +11(−3)x −4
dx dx

d 2 d
dy
=
(
−2 3.
dx
[ x ]+ [ 7 ]
dx ) − 33
3
dx ( 3 x2 +7 ) x4
dy −2 ( 3.2 x+ 0 ) 33
= − 4
dx ( 3 x 2 + 7 )3 x

dy −12 x 33
= − 4
dx ( 3 x +7 )
2 3
x

La segunda derivada es:

d2 y −12 x 33
dx
=
[ 3
( 3 x 2+ 7 ) x
− 4
]
d2 y d x d 1
dx
=−12.
[
dx ( 3 x 2 +7 ) 3
−33.
]
dx x 4 [ ]
d 3 d 3
2 [ x ] . ( 3 x 2+7 ) −x . [ ( 3 x 2 +7 ) ]
d y dx dx
=−12. −33 (−4 ) x−5
dx ( ( 3 x2 +7 ) ) 3 2

3 2 d
2
d y 132
= 5 −
(
12 1 ( 3 x 2+ 7 ) −3 ( 3 x 2 +7 ) .
dx
[ 3 x 2+ 7 ] . x )
dx x (3 x 2 +7)6

d 2 d
2
d y 132
= 5 −
( 3
12 ( 3 x 2 +7 ) −3 ( 3 x2 +7 ) 3.
2
( dx
[ x ]+ [ 7 ] x
dx ))
dx x (3 x 2 +7)6

3 2
d 2 y 132 12 (( 3 x +7 ) −3 ( 3 x +7 ) ( 3.2 x +0 ) x )
2 2
= 5 −
dx x (3 x 2+7)6

3 2
d 2 y 132 12 (( 3 x +7 ) −18 x ( 3 x +7 ) )
2 2 2
= 5 −
dx x (3 x2 +7)6
d2 y −12 216 x 2 132
= + +
dx ( 3 x 2+7 )3 ( 3 x 2+7 )4 x5