Exercícios Resolvidos - Comprimento de Arco

Nos exercícios de 1 a 14, encontrar o comprimento de arco da curva dada.

1. y = 5 x − 2 , − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2

∫ 1 + f ′( x ) dx
2
s=
a

2 2 2

∫ ∫
2
= 1 + 5 dx = 26 dx = 26 x
−2 −2 −2

= 26 (2 + 2) = 4 26 u. c.

2
2. y = x 3
−1 , 1 ≤ x ≤ 2

2 −13
y′ = x
3

2 2 2
4 9x 3
+4
s= ∫ 1+ 2
3
dx = ∫ 2
3
dx
1 9x 1 9x
2 1
1 − 13
= ∫  9 x 3 + 4 
2 2
dx . . x dx
1
  3

2 1
1 1
= . ∫  9 x 3 + 4  . 6 . x 3 dx
2 2 −1

3 6 1 
2
 9 x 2 3 + 4 3 2 
= . 
1
18 3
2
1

1 2   2 3 3  1   
3 3
 2
= .  9 x + 4  − 13 2 
= 
2
 2
9 . 2 + 4  − 13 3 
3
18 3     27  
   


1 3
3. y =
3
(2 + x2 ) 2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 3

1 3 1
y′ = . (2 + x 2 ) 2 . 2 x
3 2
 3
s= ∫ 1 + x 2 2 + x 2 dx ( )
0
3
= ∫
0
1 + x 2 + x 4 dx

∫ (x )
2
= + 1 dx
0

3 3
x3 33
∫( )
2
= x + 1 dx = +x = + 3 = 12
0
3 0
3

2 2 2
4. x 3
+y 3
=2 3

 x = 2 cos 3 t

 y = 2 sen 3t

π
2
s = 4 ∫ 36 cos 4 t sen 2 t + 36 sen 4 t cos 2 t dt
0
π
2
= 4 ∫ 6. sen 2 t cos 2 t cos 2 t + sen 2 t dt ( )
0
π π
2
sen 2 t 2
= 24 ∫ sen t . cos t dt = 24 .
0
2 0

= 12 u. c.

1 4 1
5. y = x + 2 , 1≤ x ≤ 2
4 8x

1 3 1
y′ = x + (− 2 ) x −3
4 8
 2 2
 1 
s= ∫
1
1 +  x 3 − 3  dx
 4x 
2
1 1
= ∫
1
1 + x 6 − 2x3.
4x 3
+
16 x6
dx

2
1
= ∫
1
1 + x 6 − 2x3.
16 x 6
dx

2
8 x 6 + 16 x12 + 1
= ∫
1 16 x 6
dx

2
1
∫ 4 x (4 x )
6 2
= 3
+1 dx
1

2
1
∫ 4 x (4 x )
6 2
= 3
+ 1 dx
1
2
1
=
41∫ (
4 x 3 + x −3 dx )
2
1  x 4 x −2 
=  4 . + 
4 4 2  1
1 4 1 1
=  2 − 2
− 1 + 
4 2.2 2
123
=
32

1 3 1
6. x = y + , 1≤ y ≤ 3
3 4y

1 1
x′ = . 3 y 2 + (− 1) . y − 2
3 4
1
= y2 − 2
4y
4y4 −1
=
4y2
 2
 4 y 4 −1 16 y 8 − 8 y 4 + 1 16 y 4 + 16 y 8 − 8 y 4 + 1
1 +  2

 = 1 + =
 4y  16 y 4 16 y 4

=
16 y 8 + 8 y 4 + 1 4 y 4 − 1
=
( )
2

16 y 4 16 y 4

3
(4 y 4
+1 )
2

s= ∫1 16 y 4
dy

3 3
4y4 +1  2 1 −2 
= ∫1 4 y 2 dy = ∫1  y + 4 y  dy
3
 y 3 1 y −1 
=  + . 
 3 4 −1  1
33 1 1 1
= − − +
3 4.3 3 4
53
=
6

1 x  e + e −1 
7. y = e + e
2
−x
(
de (0,1) a 1,
2
) 
 

1 x
y′ =
2
(e − e −x )

1
1 x
s= ∫ 1+
4
(
e − e−x )
2
dx
0
1
1 2x
= ∫ 1+
4
(
e − 2 . e x . e − x + e − 2 x dx )
0
1
1 2x
= ∫ 1+
4
(
e − 2 + e −2 x ) dx
0
1
1 2 x 1 1 −2 x
= ∫0
1+
4
e − + e
2 4
dx

1
4 + e 2 x − 2 + e −2 x
= ∫0
4
dx
 1
1
= ∫
0
2 + e2 x +
e −2 x
dx

1
1 1
=
2 ∫0 e x
(e 2x
+1 )
2
dx

1
1 1
(
= ∫ x e 2 x + 1 dx
20e
)
1
1
=
20∫ (
e x + e − x dx )
1
1
(
= e x + e−x
2
)
0

1
=
2
(
e − e −1 − 1 + 1 )
= sen h 1

8. y = ln x , 3≤x≤ 8

1
y′ =
x

8 8
1 x2 +1
s= ∫ 1+
x2
dx = ∫ x
dx
3 3

x2 +1 = t 2
x2 = t 2 −1
1
(
x = t 2 −1 ) 2

1 2 1
dx =
2
(
t −1 ) 2
. 2t dt
 x2 +1 t t dt
I= ∫ dx = ∫ 1
. 1
x (
t 2 −1 ) (t 2 2
−1 ) 2

t 2 dt
∫ t 2 −1
=

 1 
= ∫ 1 + 2  dt
 t −1
dt
= ∫ dt + ∫
(t − 1) (t + 1)
1 1
= t + ∫ 2 dt − ∫ 2 dt
t −1 t +1
1 1
= t + ln t − 1 − ln t + 1 + C
2 2
1 t −1
= t + ln +C
2 t +1
1 x2 +1 −1
= x 2 + 1 + ln +C
2 x2 +1 +1

8
 1 x + 1 − 1 
2
s =  x 2 + 1 + ln
 2 x 2 + 1 + 1 
 3

 1 2 1 1
=  3 + ln − 2 − ln 
 2 4 2 3
1 3
= 1 + ln
2 2

π π
9. y = 1 − ln (sen x ) , ≤x≤
6 4

cos x
y′ = −
sen x
 π
4
cos 2 x
s=
π
∫ 1+
sen 2 x
dx
6
π π
4
sen 2 x + cos 2 x 4
dx
=
π
∫ 2
sen x
dx = ∫
π sen
x
6 6
π
4
=
π
∫ cos ec x dx
6

π
4
= ln cos ec − cot g x π
6

2 3
= ln − 1 − ln 2 −
2 3
2− 2 3
= ln .
2 2 3 −1
2 3− 6 2 −1
= ln = ln u. c.
2 6− 2 2− 3 3

10. y = x 3 , de P0 (0, 0 ) ate P1 (4, 8)

3 12
y′ = x
2

4
9
s= ∫
0
1+
4
x dx

3 4
 9  2
1 + x 
4 4 
=
9 3
2
0

4 2  9  3 2 
= . 1 + . 4  − 1
9 3  4  
8
=
27
(
10 10 − 1 u. c. )
11. y = 4 x 3 + 2 de P0 (0, 2 ) ate P1 (1, 6)

3 12 1
y ′ = 4. x = 6x 2
2

1
s= ∫
0
1 + 36 x dx

1
3
1 (1 + 36 x ) 2
=
36 3
2 0

1 2
= . 37 37 − 1
36 3
( )
1
=
54
(
37 37 − 1 u. c. )

12. y = 6 (
3
)
x 2 − 1 de P0 (1, 0 ) ate P1 2 2 , 6 ( )
2 − 13
y′ = 6 . x
3
−1
= 4x 3

2 2
−2
s= ∫ 1
1 + 16 x 3
dx

2 2
16
= ∫ 1+ −2
3
dx
1 x
2 2 −2
x 3
+ 16
= ∫ 1 x
−2
3
dx

2 2 1
16 + x − 2 3  2 −1
= ∫ 1
 
x 3
dx
 3 2 2
16 + x − 2 3  2

=  
3
2 3
2 1
3

= 16 + 2 2 ( ) 
−2 2 3
3
 − 17 2
 
= 18 18 − 17 17
= 54 2 − 17 17 u. c.

13. ( y − 1) = ( x + 4 ) de P0 (− 3, 2 ) ate P1 (0, 9)

2 3

3
y − 1 = (x + 4) 2

3
y = 1 + (x + 4) 2

3
y′ = (x + 4 ) 12
2
0
9
s= ∫3
1+
4
(x + 4) dx

4 (1 + 4 ( x + 3) )
3 0
9 2
=
9 3
2 −3

4 2  3  13  3
2 
= . 10 2 −   
9 3  4 
 
80 10 − 13 13
= . u. c.
27

14. x 2 = y 3 , de P0 (0, 0 ) ate P1 (8,4)

2
y=x 3

2 −13
y′ = x
3
 8 4 −2 3
s= ∫
0
1+
9
x dx

2
8 9x 3
+4
= ∫
0 2
3
dx
9x
1

= ∫  9 x 3 + 4 
8 2 2 −1
3
.3. x dx
0 

2
u = 9x 3
+4
2 −13
du = 9 . x
3

3 8
 9 x 3 + 4  2 2

1  
= .
18 3
2
0

=
1 2
. 40 40 − 4 4
18 3
( )
=
1
27
(
80 10 − 8 u. c. )
Nos exercícios de 15 a 21, estabelecer a integral que da o comprimento de arco da curva
dada.

15. y = x 2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
y′ = 2x
2
s=∫ 1 + 4 x 2 dx
0

1 1   1
16. y = de P0  , 4  ate P1  4, 
x 4   4
−1
y′ =
x2
 4
1
s= ∫
1
1+
x4
dx
4
4
x4 +1
= ∫
1 x4
dx
4
4
x4 +1
= ∫
1 x2
dx
4

(
17. x 2 − y 2 = 1 de P0 3,−2 2 ate P0 3,2 2 ) ( )
x2 = 1+ y2
1 1 1
(
x = 1+ y2 ) 2
⇒ x′ =
2
(1+ y2 ) 2
. 2y

2 2
y2
s= ∫ 1+
1+ y2
dy
−2 2
2 2
1+ y2 + y2
= ∫ 1+ y2
dy
−2 2
2 2
1+ 2y2
= ∫ 1+ y2
dy
−2 2

18. y = e x , de P0 (0, 1) ate P1 2, e 2 ( )

y′ = e x

2
s = ∫ 1 + e 2 x dx
0

19. y = x 2 + 2 x − 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

y′ = 2x + 2
 1

∫ 1 + (2 x + 2 ) dx
2
s=
0
1
= ∫0
1 + 4 x 2 + 8 x + 4 dx

1
= ∫0
4 x 2 + 8 x + 5 dx

20. y = x , 2 ≤ x ≤ 4

1 − 12
y′ = x
2

4
1
s = ∫ 1+ dx
2
4x

21. y = sen 3 x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π

y ′ = 3 cos 3 x

2π
s= ∫
0
1 + 9 cos 2 3 x dx

Nos exercícios de 22 a 29, calcular o comprimento de arco da curva dada na forma

paramétrica.

 x = t 3

22.  , 1≤ t ≤ 3
 y = t 2
 3
s= ∫
1
9t 4 + 4t 2 dt

3
= ∫ t 9t 2 + 4 dt
1
3
3

=
(
1 9t + 4 2
)
1 2 2
= . 85 85 − 13 13 ( )
18 3 18 3
2 1

=
1
27
(
85 85 − 13 13 u. c. )

 x = 2 (t − sen t )
23.  , t ∈ [0, π ]
 y = 2(1 − cos t )

x ′ = 2 (1 − cos t )
y ′ = 2 sen t

∫ 4(1 − cos t )
2
s= + 4 sen 2 t dt
0
π

∫ 4(1 − 2 cos t + cos t + sen 2 t ) dt

2
=
0
π
= ∫ 2 2 − 2 cos t dt
0
π
= ∫ 2 (1 − cos t ) dt
0
 π
= 2 2 ∫ 1 − cos t dt
0
π
t
= 2 2 ∫ 2 sen 2 dt
0
2
π
t
= 2 2 ∫ 2 sen dt
0
2
π
t  π 
= −4 . 2 . cos = −8 cos − cos 0 
20  2 
= −8(0 − 1)
= 8 u. c.

 x = − sen t
24.  , t ∈ [0, 2π ]
 y = cos t

2π
s= ∫
0
cos 2 t + sen 2 t dt

2π
= t 0 = 2π

 x = t sen t
25.  , t ∈ [0, π ]
 y = t cos t

π
s= ∫
0
t 2 cos 2 t + 2t cos t sen t + sen 2 t + cos 2 t − 2t sen t cos t + t 2 sen 2 t dt

π
= ∫
0
1 + t 2 dt

π
t 1
= 1 + t 2 + ln t + 1 + t 2
2 2 0

π 1
= 1+ π 2 + ln π + 1 + π 2
2 2

 x = 3t + 2
26.  , t ∈ [0, 2]
y = t −1
 2
s= ∫
0
1 + 9 dt

2
= 10 t = 2 10
0

 1 3
 x = 3 t
27.  , 0≤t ≤2
y = 1 t 2
 2

 1 2
 x ′ = 3 . 3t

 y ′ = 1 . 2t
 2

2 2
s = ∫ t 4 + t 2 dt = ∫ t t 2 + 1dt
0 0

u = t2 +1
du = 2t dt

2
3
2
( )
s = ∫ t t 2 + 1 2 dt =
11 t2 +1 ( ) 2

0
2 3
2 0

1 2
= .  5 2 − 1
3

2 3 
1
(
= 5 5 − 1 u. c.
3
)

 x = e t cos t
28.  , 1≤ t ≤ 2
 y = e t sen t

 x ′ = −e t sen t + cos t e t

 y ′ = e t cos t + sen t e t
 2

∫ e 2t (cos t − sen t ) + e 2t (cos t + sen t )

2 2
s=
1
2
= ∫ e t 2 dt
1
2
= 2 et
1
(
= 2 e 2 − e u. c.)

 x = 2 cos t + 2t sen t π
29.  , 0≤t ≤
 y = 2 sen t − 2t cos t 2

x ′ = 2t cos t
y ′ = 2t sen t

π
2
s= ∫
0
4t 2 cos 2 t + 4t 2 sen 2 t dt

π π
2
t2 2
π2
= ∫ 2t dt = 2 = u. c.
0
2 0
4

30. Achar o comprimento da hipociclóide

 x = 4 sen 3t
 , t ∈ [0, 2π ]
 y = 4 cos 3 t

 x ′ = 4 . 3 sen 2 t . cos t

 y ′ = −4 . 3 cos 2 t . sen t
 π
2
s = 4 ∫ 12 2 sen 4 t cos 2 t + 12 cos 4 t sen 2 t dt
0
π
2
= 4 ∫ 12 sen t cos t dt
0
π
sen 2 t 2
= 4 . 12 .
2 0

48
= (1 − 0)
2
= 24 u. c.

31. Achar o comprimento da circunferência.

 x = a cos t
 , t ∈ [0, 2π ]
 y = a sen t

x ′ = − a sen
y ′ = a cos t

π
2
s = 4 ∫ a 2 sen 2 t + a 2 cos 2 t dt
0
π
2

= 4 ∫ a dt = 4 at = 2 aπ u. c.
0

32. Calcular o comprimento da parte da circunferência que está no 1° quadrante

 t
 x = 7 cos 4

 y = 7 sen t
 4

2π 2 2
7 2 t 7 t
s= ∫
0
  sen
4
+   cos 2 dt
4 4 4
2π 2π
7 7 7
= ∫ dt = t = π u. c.
0
4 4 0 4
Nos exercícios de 33 a 35, calcular a área da região limitada pelas seguintes curvas, dadas
na forma paramétrica.

 x = cos t
 x = cos t 
33.  e 1
 y = sen t  y = sen t
 2

1.5

0.5

x
-1 1

-0.5

-1

-1.5

π π
2 2
1
A = −4 ∫ sen t (− sen t ) dt + 4 ∫ sen t (− sen t ) dt
0 0
2
1
=π− π
2
1
= π u. c.
2

 x = 2 cos 3 t  x = 2 cos t
34.  e 
 y = 2 sen t
3
 y = 2 sen t
 y
2.5

1.5

0.5
x
-2 -1 1 2
-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5

 π2 π
2 
A = 4 − ∫ 2 sen t (− 2 sen t )dt − ∫ − 2 sen 3t . 2 . 3 cos 2 t (− sen t )dt 
 0 
 0

 1 π π
 1  2
2

= 4 4 .  t − sen 2t  − 12 ∫ sen 4 t cos 2 t dt
 2 2 0
 0

 π π
2 
(
= 4 2 . − 12 ∫ sen 4 t 1 − sen 2 t dt 
 2 
)
 0


π
2
(
= 4π − 48 ∫ sen 4t − sen 6t dt )
0

 1 5  π
= 4π + 48  − sen 5t cos t + ∫ sen 4t dt  − 48∫ sen 4t dt
2

 6 6  0

π π π
2 2 2
48 5
sen 5t cos t + 48 ∫ sen t dt − 48 ∫ sen t dt
4 4
= 4π −
6 0 2 0 0
π
 1 3  2
= 4π − 8  − sen 3t cos t + ∫ sen 2t dt 
 4 4 0
π
1  2
= 4π − 6 t 
2 0
3π 8π − 3π 5π
= 4π − = = u. c.
2 2 2

x = t x = 1 + t
35.  2
e 
y = t  y = 1 + 3t
 y

x
1 2

-1

-2

y = x2
y = 3x − 2

x = 2 e x =1

(1, 1) → t =1 (1, 1) → t =0
(2, 4) → t=2 (2, 4) → t =1

2 1
A1 = ∫ t 2 . 1 . dt
1
A1 = ∫ (1 + 3 . t ) . dt
0

3 2 1
t t2
= = t +3
3 1
2 0

7 5
= =
3 2

5 7 1
A= − = u.c.
2 3 6

36. Calcular a área da arte da circunferência

x = 2 cos t
y = 2 sen t

que está acima da reta y = 1

(0, 2 ) → t =π
2
π
( 3, 1 ) → 2 cos t = 3 ∴ cos t =
2
3
∴ t=
6
π
6
A1 =
π
∫ 2 sen t (− 2 sen t ) dt
2
π π
 1  6
6
1 − cos 2t
= −4 ∫ dt = − 2  t − sen 2t 
π 2  2 π
2 2

π 1 π π 1 
= −2  − sen − + sen π 
6 2 3 2 2 
π 1 3 π 
= −2  − − 
 6 2 2 2
π
3
=− +π +
3 2
− 2π + 3 3 + 6π 4π + 3 3
= =
6 6

4π + 3 3
A= − 3
6
4π + 3 3 − 6 3
=
6
4π − 3 3
= u. c.
6

37. Calcular a área da região delimitada pela elipse

 y

x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3

-1

 x = 3 cos t

 y = sen t

0
A1 = ∫ sen t (− 3 sen t ) dt
π
2
0
= 3 ∫ sen 2 t dt
π
2

3π
= u. c.
4

3π
A= 4. = 3π u. a
4

 x = 3 cos t
38. Calcular a área da região limitada à direita pela elipse  e a esquerda pela
 y = 2 sen t
3 3
reta x =
2
3 3 3 π
= 3 cos t ∴ cos t ∴ t =
2 2 6
0 0
A1 = ∫ 2 sen t (− 3 sen t ) dt = 6 ∫ sen 2 t dt
π π
6 6
π
1 1  6
= 6  t − sen 2t 
2 4 0
1 π 1 π
= 6  . − sen 
2 6 4 3
π 3 3 π 3
= − . = − 3 u. a.
2 2 2 2 4

39. Calcular a área da região entre as curvas

 x = 4 cos t  x = cos t
 e
 y = 2 sen t  y = sen t
 y

x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4

-1

-2

0
A1 = 4 ∫ 4 sen t (− 2 sen t )dt = 8π
π
2

0
0
1 1 
A2 = 4 ∫ − sen t sen t dt = − sen t cos t + t  =π
π 2 2 
2 π
2

A = 8π − π = 7π u. a.

 x = 3 cos 3 t
40. Calcular a área entre o arco da hipociclóide 
 y = 3 sen 3t
, t ∈ 0, π
2
[ ]
e a reta x + y = 3
 0
(
A1 = ∫ 3 sen 3t − 3 . 3 cos 3 t .sen t dt)
π
2
0
= 27 ∫ sen 4 t cos 2 t dt
π
2
0
( )
= 27 ∫ sen 4 t 1 − sen 2 t dt
π
2
0
( )
= 27 ∫ sen 4 t − sen 6 t dt
π
2
π
1 1 1 1  2
= 27  sen 5 t cos t − sen 3t cos t − sen t cos t + t 
6 24 16 16  0
1 π 27
= 27 . . = π
6 2 32

9 27 144 − 27π
A= − π = u. a.
2 32 32

 x = 4 sen 3t
41. Calcular a área delimitada pela hipociclóide 
 y = 4 cos 3 t
y

x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4

-1

-2

-3

-4
 π
2

∫ 4 cos
3
A= t . 4 . 3 . sen 2 t . cos t dt
0
π
2

∫ (48 cos )
4
= t sen 2 t dt
0
π
2

∫ 48 cos t ( 1 − cos t ) dt
4 2
=
0
π
2

∫ 48 (cos )
4
= t − cos 6 t dt
0

3π
= u. a.
2

3π
A= 4. = 6π u. a
2

42. Calcular a área da região S , hachurada na figura 8.12

x = k (t − sen t )
y = k (1 − cos t )

2π
A= ∫ k (1 − cos t ) k (1 − cos t ) dt
0
2π

∫ (1 − cos t )
2
= k2 dt
0
2π
= k2 ∫ (1 − 2 cos t + cos t )dt
2

0
2π
 2 1 1 
= k  t − 2 sen t + cos t sen t + t 
 2 2 0
 1 
= k 2  2π + . 2π 
 2 
2
= k . 3π
= 3π k 2 u. a.