Room Acoustic Guide 3

ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo
c. sound-reflecting surfaces
d. Nonparallel-Wall
Surfaces
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
h. Creep Sound-absorbing
treatment
i. domed ceiling surface
j. Creep Echo from
Dome
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
m. effective vibrating
panel sound absorber
n. Pulpit Canopy Details
o. Pulpit-Domed ceiling
BU 3 CPC 2022 1
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo FLUTTER ECHO
c. sound-reflecting surfaces • Is usually caused by the repetitive inter-
d. Nonparallel-Wall reflection of sound energy between opposing
Surfaces parallel or concave sound-reflecting surfaces.
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall • Flutter is normally heard as a high-frequency
Modulations ringing or buzzing.
f. CONCAVE SURFACES • It can be prevented by reshaping to avoid parallel
g. focused sound surfaces, providing deep sound-absorbing
h. Creep Sound-absorbing treatment, or breaking up smooth surfaces with
treatment splayed or ‘scalloped” elements.
i. domed ceiling surface • A 1:10 splay (or > 50 tilt) of one of the parallel
j. Creep Echo from walls will normally prevent flutter echo in small
Dome rooms.
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 2
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo FLUTTER ECHO
d. Nonparallel-Wall
Surfaces
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
treatment
j. Creep Echo from
Dome
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 3
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
Pitched-Roof Flutter Echo
• The echo phenomenon shown below
(called pitched-roof flutter) can occur
d. Nonparallel-Wall
in rooms with nonparallel walls
Surfaces
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
treatment
j. Creep Echo from
Dome
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 4
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE • In the small music practice rooms shown in plan view
a. Flutter Echo below, the amount of sound which will reflect between
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo hard, sound-reflecting surfaces will be minimized by
c. Sound-reflecting surfaces installing sound-absorbing materials on adjacent walls or
d. Nonparallel-Wall at two opposite corners.
Surfaces • Effective treatment finishes can be provided by
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall sound- absorbing panels furred out from the backup
Modulations wall or heavy fabric curtains hung 100 percent full
f. CONCAVE SURFACES (i.e., 2 ft of curtain to 1 ft of surface width).
g. focused sound • To enhance low-frequency absorption, be sure there is a
h. Creep Sound-absorbing deep airspace between the sound- absorbing treatment
treatment and the backup surface.
j. Creep Echo from
Dome
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 5
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE Nonparallel-Wall Surfaces
a. Flutter Echo
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo (In the example below, sound-absorbing
c. sound-reflecting surfaces ceiling or fully carpeted floor normally
d. Nonparallel-Wall will be required if walls are hard-
Surfaces
surfaced)
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
treatment
j. Creep Echo from
Dome
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 6
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE Sound-Diffusing Wall Modulations
a. Flutter Echo
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo (Large-scale cylindrical, triangular, or
c. sound-reflecting surfaces other surface irregularities can be used
d. Nonparallel-Wall to provide diffusion)
Surfaces
Modulations
f. Concave Surfaces
g. focused sound
treatment
j. Creep Echo from
Dome
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 7
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
d. Nonparallel-Wall CONCAVE SURFACES
Surfaces • Concave wall and ceiling surfaces usually require
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall treatment to prevent annoying sound reflections
Modulations which reduce intelligibility of direct sound.
f. CONCAVE SURFACES • Concave shapes (circle, ellipse, parabola) cause
g. focused sound reflected sound to converge at a focal point.
h. Creep Sound-absorbing • For example, sound energy may be concentrated in
treatment certain areas (called focusing) or reflected along
i. domed ceiling surface smooth concave surfaces (called creep echo, or the
j. Creep Echo from “whispering gallery effect” because low voice levels
Dome can be heard at considerable distances away).
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 8
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
Problem focused sound
a. Flutter Echo
Solution :Surface undulations: Large-scale,
random-sized surface undulations can
provide diffusion to minimize focusing of
d. Nonparallel-Wall
reflected sound energy (e.g., convex brick
Surfaces
surfaces at M.I.T. Chapel, Cambridge, Mass.,
Eero Saarinen, architect).
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. Focused sound
treatment
j. Creep Echo from
Dome
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 9
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE CREEP SOUND
a. Flutter Echo • is the wave that is diffracted around the
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo shadowed surface of a smooth body such as
c. sound-reflecting surfaces a sphere.
d. Nonparallel-Wall • waves that extend the ground wave
Surfaces propagation of long wavelength (low
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall frequency).
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
treatment
i. Domed ceiling surface
j. Creep Echo from
Dome
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 10
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo Creep Sound-absorbing treatment
c. sound-reflecting surfaces Acoustically transparent material (e.g.,
d. Nonparallel-Wall spaced wood slats or open metal grille)
Surfaces conceals actual enclosure, which can be
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall treated with deep sound-absorbing material
Modulations to reduce reflected sound energy and creep
f. CONCAVE SURFACES echoes.
g. focused sound
treatment
i. Domed ceiling surface
j. Creep Echo from
Dome
k. sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
BU 3 CPC 2022 11
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE An example of the whispering gallery effect occurs
a. Flutter Echo in the Union Terminal Building, Cincinnati, Ohio
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo (see sketch below).
c. sound-reflecting surfaces • Sound energy is reflected along the domed ceiling
d. Nonparallel-Wall surface allowing persons at opposite ends of the
Surfaces rotunda (> 180 ft apart) to easily converse at
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall whisper voice levels; however, persons only a few
Modulations feet away from the speakers can't hear the
f. CONCAVE SURFACES conversation.
g. Focused sound • Other examples where similar effects occur include
h. Creep Sound-absorbing the dome of St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, England,
treatment and the old Senate Chamber at the U.S. Capitol,
i. Domed ceiling surface Washington, D.C.
j. Creep Echo from Dome
k. Sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
m. Effective vibrating panel
sound absorber
BU 3 CPC 2022 12
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo CREEP ECHO FROM DOME
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo • Note: Domed planetariums can be
c. sound-reflecting surfaces designed to avoid focusing by using a
d. Nonparallel-Wall sound- transparent liner on which the sky
Surfaces images are projected.
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall • The plenum above the perforated liner can be
Modulations treated with either deep sound absorption or
f. CONCAVE SURFACES sound-diffusing elements.
g. focused sound
treatment
k. Sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
sound absorber
BU 3 CPC 2022 13
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo Shown below are examples of poor
c. sound-reflecting surfaces distribution of sound in domed auditoriums.
d. Nonparallel-Wall • In the auditorium shown at the left, the extent
Surfaces of seating affected by focusing will be far
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall greater than indicated because source
Modulations locations on the stage will vary.
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
treatment
k. Sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
sound absorber Auditorium (Focused reflections from
n. Pulpit Canopy Details concave-shaped ceiling); Motion Picture
o. Pulpit-Domed ceiling Theater (Useless reflections from dome)
BU 3 CPC 2022 14
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo SOUND REFLECTORS
b. Pitched-roof Flutter Echo • An effective sound reflector has a hard
c. sound-reflecting surfaces surface, such as thick plaster, double-layered
d. Nonparallel-Wall gypsum board, sealed wood, or acrylic
Surfaces plastic, and is significantly larger than the
e. Sound-Diffusing Wall wavelength of sound it's designed to reflect.
Modulations • Consequently, an 8-ft-diameter panel (i.e.,
f. CONCAVE SURFACES dimension about 4 times the wavelength) should
g. focused sound be used to reflect sound energy greater than 500
h. Creep Sound-absorbing Hz.
treatment • However, sound energy less than 500 Hz can
i. domed ceiling surface bend around the panel, enhancing reverberance
j. Creep Echo from Dome at low frequencies.
k. Sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
sound absorber
BU 3 CPC 2022 15
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
d. Nonparallel-Wall
Surfaces
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
treatment
i. domed ceiling surface Section View of Church
j. Creep Echo from Dome • Note: In churches, an interior of thin wood paneling
k. Sound in domed applied to furring can be an unintended, effective
auditoriums. vibrating panel sound absorber .
l. Sound Reflectors • The absorption by the panel action can reduce low-
m. Effective vibrating panel frequency reverberation considerably, giving an
sound absorber unpleasant “shrilly” characteristic to music.
n. Pulpit Canopy Details • If wood is desired, vibrating-panel effects can be avoided
o. Pulpit-Domed ceiling by adhering the wood directly to a rigid backup wall or by
using closely spaced furring supports (< 1 ft apart).
BU 3 CPC 2022 16
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
d. Nonparallel-Wall
Surfaces
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
treatment
k. Sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
sound absorber PULPIT CANOPY DETAILS
BU 3 CPC 2022 17
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
d. Nonparallel-Wall
Surfaces
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
treatment
k. Sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors FLAT CEILING: ELEVATED PULPIT, SLOPED SOFFIT
sound absorber
BU 3 CPC 2022 18
ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE
a. Flutter Echo
d. Nonparallel-Wall
Surfaces
Modulations
f. CONCAVE SURFACES
g. focused sound
treatment Domed Ceiling
k. Sound in domed
auditoriums.
l. Sound Reflectors
sound absorber
BU 3 CPC 2022 19
BU 3 CPC 2022 20

Room Acoustic Guide 3

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ROOM ACOUSTIC GUIDE

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