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Olivia Physics 24 Feb 2021
Olivia Physics 24 Feb 2021
Magnets
North and south pole
Magnetic forces strongest near magnetic poles
Like forces repel
Opposite forces attract
Type of non-contact force
Types
Contact with two surfaces in contact – friction, air resistance (drag), tension (pulled apart
like spring), normal contact
o FATN
Non-contact act over distance – gravitational, electrostatic (negative and positive charge),
magnetic
o GEM
Permanent
o Made of magnetic material
o Always causes a force on other magnets/magnetic materials
o Features
Produces own magnetic field
Can’t turn magnetic field on or off – there all the time
o E.g.
Bar magnets
Horseshoe magnets
Induced
o Only becomes magnet when placed in magnetic field
o Lost when removed
o E.g.
Iron filings
o Features:
Only attracted by other magnets
Not repelled
Lose most/all magnetism when removed from magnetic field
Permanent magnet
o Attract or repel another permanent magnet
o Attract magnetic material (but not repel it)
Check an object with a permanent magnet by checking if it repels another magnet
Magnetic field – region around magnet where force acts on another magnet or on a
magnetic material
Use a magnetic compass
o Needle points in direction of Earth’s magnetic field or magnetic field of a magnet
Plotting compass = way to map out magnet fields
o
o Needle of compass points towards south pole of magnet
o
o Earth’s core (iron and nickel) has a magnetic field
Features of magnetic fields
o the magnetic field lines never cross each other
o the closer the lines, the stronger the magnetic field
o the lines have arrowheads to show the direction of the force exerted by a magnetic
north pole
o the arrowheads point from the north pole of the magnet to its south pole
Questions
Electromagnets
Electromagnetism – caused by magnetic fields around electric currents
Fields can cause forces with other nearby magnets → makes motors spin and loudspeakers
sound
Electric motors make use of these forces by the electromagnetic motor effect
Solenoid
Electromagnets