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Computational Modelling of Nanofluid Curved Stretching Koo Kleinstreuer Acorrelation Fourier Heatfluxmodel
Computational Modelling of Nanofluid Curved Stretching Koo Kleinstreuer Acorrelation Fourier Heatfluxmodel
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Article history: The objective of the current paper is to study the two-dimensional, incompressible nanofluid flow over a
Received 9 January 2021 curved stretching sheet coiled in a circle. Further, the impact of dispersion of nanoparticle CuO in base
Revised 3 February 2021
liquid water on the performance of flow, thermal conductivity and mass transfer using KKL model in
Accepted 5 February 2021
the presence of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and activation energy is deliberated. A curvilinear coordinate
Available online 2 March 2021
system is used to develop the mathematical model describing the flow phenomena in the form of par-
Keywords: tial differential equations. Further, by means of apt similarity transformations the governing boundary
Curved stretching sheet value problems are reduced to ordinary differential equations. Mathematical computations are simplified
Cattaneo-Christov heat flux using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg-45(RKF-45) process by adopting shooting method. Graphical illustrations of
Activation energy velocity, temperature, concentration gradients for various pertinent parameters are presented. The result
Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li model reveals that, the heightening of porosity parameter heightens the thermal gradient but converse trend
is depicted in velocity gradient. The enhancing values of Schmidt number and chemical reaction rate
parameter declines concentration gradient whereas converse trend is depicted for upsurge in activation
energy parameter.
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2021.110774
0960-0779/© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
R.J. Punith Gowda, F.S. Al-Mubaddel, R. Naveen Kumar et al. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 145 (2021) 110774
2
R.J. Punith Gowda, F.S. Al-Mubaddel, R. Naveen Kumar et al. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 145 (2021) 110774
The sheet is stretched along a semicircle of radius R by two Coefficient values CuO –H2 O
equal and opposite forces applied along the s-direction by keep- e1 −26.593310846
ing the origin fixed and r-direction is normal to it. Let uw (s ) = as e2 −0.403818333
be the stretching velocity of the sheet, where a is the stretching e3 −33.3516805
constant. Due to curved stretching sheet the governing equations e4 −1.915825591
e5 0.0642185846658
are modeled by curvilinear coordinates (r, s ).
e6 48.40336955
e7 −9.787756683
2.1. Assumptions and conditions of the model e8 190.245610 0 09
e9 10.9285386565
Under the following assumptions and conditions, the mathe- e10 −0.72009983664
2.2. Geometry of fluid flow The correlations for effective density and heat capac-
ity of nanofluid are ρn f = (1 − φ )ρ f + φ ρs , and (ρC p )n f =
We depict the geometry of the flow model as: (1 − φ )(ρC p ) f + φ (ρC p )s , respectively. Further, Dn f = (1 − φ )2.5 D f .
The effective viscosity and the thermal conductivity of the nano-
2.3. Model equations liquid by using the KKL model are defined below ([29,30]):
Under the above assumptions the governing equations for μn f = μstatic + μBrownian , kn f = kstatic + kBrownian ,
present mathematical model are as follow (see reference [33,34]):
Where,
∂ ∂u μf μ f kBrownian
{(r + R)v} + R = 0, (1) μstatic = , μBrownian = ,
∂r ∂s 2. 5
(1 − φ ) Pr k f
1 1 ∂p ⎡ ⎤
u2 = , (2) 3 kks − 1 φ
r+R ρn f ∂r kstatic
= 1 + ⎣ ⎦,
f
kf
∂u R ∂u uv 1 R ∂p
ks
kf
+ 2 − φ kks − 1
f
v + u + =−
∂r r + R ∂s r + R ρn f r + R ∂ s
2 and
∂ u 1 ∂u 1 νn f
+ νn f + − u − ∗ u, (3) kB T
∂ r2 r + R ∂ r (r + R)2 K kBrownian = 5 × 10 4
βφρ f (Cp ) f f (T , φ ).
ρs d s
∂T R ∂T kn f ∂ 2T 1 ∂T Here,β and f (T , φ ) are combined to form a new function g, and
v + u = +
∂ r r + R ∂ s (ρCp )n f ∂ r2 r + R ∂ r it is given by
⎛ 2 R 2 ∂ 2 T ⎞ g( T , φ , ds )
2∂ T 2
v + u + = e1 + e2 ln(ds ) + e3 ln(φ ) + e4 ln(φ ) ln(ds ) + e5 ln(ds2 ) ln(T )
⎜ ∂ r2 r + R ∂ s2 ⎟
⎜
⎟
⎜ ⎟ + e6 + e7 ln(ds ) + e8 ln(φ ) + e9 ln(φ ) ln(ds ) + e10 ln(ds2 ) .
⎜ ∂v R ∂v ∂ T ⎟
⎜ v + u + ⎟
⎜ ∂r r + R ∂s ∂r ⎟ The diameter of the CuO NP (ds ) is taken as 29 and the coeffi-
− λ1 ⎜
R 2 ∂ u
∂ T ⎟
, (4)
⎜ R ∂u ⎟ cients e1 − e10 are tabulated in Table 1.
⎜ ⎟
⎜ r + R v ∂ r + u r + R ∂ s ∂ s +⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ 2.5. Nanoparticles and base fluid features
R ∂ T
2
2 uv
r + R ∂ r∂ s The material features of the base fluid and nanoparticle being
2 utilized in this work are demonstrated in Table 2 (refer [30]),
∂C R ∂C ∂ C 1 ∂C
v + u = Dn f +
∂r r + R ∂s ∂ r2 r + R ∂ r 3. The solution for the problem
T n E
e− KT (C − C∞ ).
a
− k2r (5) The following similarity transformation is applied to governing
T∞
equations:
Related Boundary conditions are:
u = as f (η ), v= −R
aν f f (η ), η= a
r = 0 : u = uw (s ) = as, v = 0, T = Tw , C = Cw , r+R ν f r,
(6) (7)
r → ∞ : u → 0, ∂∂ur → 0, T → T∞ , C → C∞ . p = ρ f a2 s2 P (η ), θ (η ) = T −T∞
Tw −T∞
, χ (η ) = C−C∞
Cw −C∞
.
3
R.J. Punith Gowda, F.S. Al-Mubaddel, R. Naveen Kumar et al. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 145 (2021) 110774
ε1 η2+κκ P = ε1 ε2 f + κ f f − κ +⎬
50 0.97405 1.01405 1.0094
1
η +κ f − 1
f + η+ κ η +κ f
( η + κ )2 100 0.98704 1.00704 1.0099
,
κ f f − ε1 ε2 K ∗∗ f ⎭ 200 0.99356 1.00356 1.0125
( η + κ )2 1000 0.99880 1.00079 1.0152
(9)
Table 4
Comparison values of −θ (0 ) with exact solution obtained for stretching sheet in
kn f 1
1
κ κ 2 the absence of mass transfer when γ = 0.
ε3 θ + θ + fθ − γ
k f Pr η+κ η+κ η+κ Pr Grubka and Bobba [36] Present results
1
0.01 0.0099 0.00978
f 2 θ + f f θ − f 2 θ = 0, (10) 0.72 0.4631 0.46273
η+κ 1 0.5820 0.58193
3 1.1652 1.16481
1
1
10
100
2.3080
7.7657
2.30793
7.76496
( 1 − φ ) 2. 5 χ + χ
Sc η+κ
κ E
+ f χ − σ (1 + δθ )n exp − χ = 0. (11)
η+κ (1 + δθ ) 4. Results and discussions
4
R.J. Punith Gowda, F.S. Al-Mubaddel, R. Naveen Kumar et al. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 145 (2021) 110774
5
R.J. Punith Gowda, F.S. Al-Mubaddel, R. Naveen Kumar et al. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 145 (2021) 110774
6
R.J. Punith Gowda, F.S. Al-Mubaddel, R. Naveen Kumar et al. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 145 (2021) 110774
Author statement
Acknowledgements
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