FOOTBALL

Rules

A football pitch (also known as a football field). The pitch is typically made of
natural turf or artificial turf, although amateur and recreational teams often
play on dirt fields. Artificial surfaces must be green in colour.

All line markings on the pitch form part of the area which they define. For
example, a ball on or above the touchline is still on the field of play, and a
foul committed over the line bounding the penalty area results in a penalty.
Therefore, a ball must completely cross the touchline to be out of play, and
a ball must wholly cross the goal line (between the goal posts) before a goal
is scored; if any part of the ball is still on or above the line, the ball is still in
play.

Two rectangular boxes are marked out on the pitch in front of each goal

The goal area (colloquially the "six-yard box"), consists of the rectangle
formed by the goal-line, two lines starting on the goal-line 5.5 metres from
the goalposts and extending 5.5 metres into the pitch from the goal-line,
and the line joining these, i.e. they are a rectangle 6yds by 20yds

The penalty area (colloquially "the 18-yard box" or just "the box") is similarly
formed by the goal-line and lines extending from it, but its lines start 16.5
metres (18 yd) from the goalposts and extend 16.5 metres (18 yd) into the
field. i.e. this is a rectangle 44yds by 18 yds. This area has a number of
functions, the most prominent being to denote where the goalkeeper may
handle the ball and where a foul by a defender, usually punished by a direct
free kick, becomes punishable by a penalty kick.

The penalty mark (colloquially "the penalty spot" or just "the spot") is 11
metres in front of the very centre of the goal: this is the point from where
penalty kicks are taken.

The penalty arc (colloquially "the D") is marked from the outside edge of the
penalty area, 9.15 metres (10 yd) from the penalty mark; this, along with the
penalty area, marks an exclusion zone for all players other than the penalty
kicker and defending goalkeeper during a penalty kick.

Slide 1 : ( chèn hình )

- All line markings on the pitch form part of the area which they define
 - Two rectangular boxes are marked out on the pitch in front of each
goal
+ The goal area (colloquially the "six-yard box"), consists of the
rectangle formed by the goal-line
+ The penalty mark (colloquially "the penalty spot" or just "the spot")
is 11 metres in front of the very centre of the goal
+ The penalty arc (colloquially "the D") is marked from the outside
edge of the penalty area

Players:

Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes),

one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Competition rules may state a
minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually
seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their
hands or arms, if they do so within the penalty area in front of their own
goal. Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-
goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are
not defined or required by the Laws.
Slide 2: Players

Hình 1 biểu thị cho

Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes),
one of whom must be the goalkeeper

Hình 2 Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their
hands or arms, if they do so within the penalty area in front of their own
goal

Referee

A game is officiated by a referee. who has "full authority to enforce the Laws
of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed"
and whose decisions are final. The referee is assisted by two assistant
referees. the assistant referees' duties generally consist of judging when the
ball has left the field of play – including which team is entitled to return the
ball to play, judging when an offside offence has occurred, and advising the
referee when an infringement of the Laws has occurred out of his or her
view. These two officials are typically positioned on opposite touchlines, and
each stay beside different halves of the pitch. In many high-level games
there is also a fourth official who assists the referee and may replace
another official if the need arises.
Slide 3 Referee
Referee who has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game ( hình 1 )

The assistant referees' duties generally consist of judging when the ball has
left the field of play ( hình 2 )

Video assistant referee

The video assistant referee (VAR) is a match official in football who reviews
decisions made by the head referee with the use of video footage and
headset for communication. This is specifically in order to minimize human
errors causing substantial influence on match results.

There are four categories of decisions that can be reviewed:[4]

Goal/no goal – attacking team commits an offence, ball out of play, ball
entering goal, offside, handball, offences and encroachment during penalty
kicks.

Penalty/no penalty – attacking team commits an offence, ball out of play,

location of offence, incorrect awarding, offence not penalised.

Direct red card – denial of obvious goal-scoring opportunity, serious foul

play, violent conduct/biting/spitting, using offensive/insulting/abusive
language or gestures. All straight red cards are subject to review.

Mistaken identity in awarding a red or yellow card.

Slide 4

The video assistant referee (VAR) is a match official in football who reviews
decisions.

There are four categories of decisions that can be reviewed

Goal/no goal
Penalty/no penalty

Direct red card

Mistaken identity in awarding a red or yellow card. ( tạm thời chưa có hình
)
Kick-off: Quả giao bóng giữa sân

A kick-off is used to start each half of play, and each period of extra time
where applicable. The team that wins the pre-game coin toss may choose
either to take the initial kick-off (in which case the team losing the toss
chooses which end of the pitch to attack in the first half), or to choose which
end of the pitch to attack in the first half (in which case the team losing the
toss takes the initial kick-off).

The kick-off to start the second half is taken by team which did not take the
initial kick-off. If extra time is played, another coin-toss is used at the
beginning of this period.

A kick-off is also used to restart play after a goal is scored, and is taken by
the team that conceded the goal.

Slide 5 Kick-off: Quả giao bóng giữa sân

A kick-off is used to start each half of play and each period of extra time
where applicable

The kick-off to start the second half is taken by team which did not take the
initial kick-off

A kick-off is also used to restart play after a goal is scored, and is taken by
the team that conceded the goal.

Scoring goal in football

A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line,
between the goalposts and under the crossbar, if no offence has been
committed by the team scoring the goal.

A ball entering a goal from the action of a player defending that goal is
called an own goal ( bàn phản lưới nhà )

A goal cannot be scored by hands or directly from a dropped ball, indirect

free kick or a throw-in. If the ball goes into the opponents' goal from these
situations without first being touched by another player, play is restarted
with a goal kick. A player cannot score an own goal directly from any restart
of play (other than a penalty kick); in that case a corner kick would be
awarded.
Slide 6 Scoring goal in football

A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line

A ball entering a goal from the action of a player defending that goal is
called an own goal

A goal cannot be scored by hands or directly from a dropped ball, indirect

free kick or a throw-in

Throw-in ( Ném biên )

When the ball goes out of play past the touchline to the side of the pitch, a
throw-in is awarded to the opponents of the player who last touched the
ball, whether deliberately or accidentally

The throw-in is taken from the point where the ball crossed the touch-line,
either on the ground or in the air, though typically a referee will tolerate
small discrepancies between the position where the ball crossed the touch-
line and the position of the throw-in. Opposing players may not approach
closer than 2 m to the point on the touch-line from which the throw-in is to
be taken.

At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must face the field of play.
The thrower must have part of each foot on the touchline or on the ground
outside the touchline, and use both hands to deliver the ball from behind
and over the head.

A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in; if a player throws the ball
directly into their own goal without any other player touching it, the result is
a corner kick to the opposing side. Likewise an offensive goal cannot be
scored directly from a throw in; the result, in this case, is a goal kick for the
defending team.

Slide 7 Throw-in
When the ball goes out of play past the touchline to the side of the pitch, a
throw-in is awarded to the opponents of the player who last touched the
ball, whether deliberately or accidentally

At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must face the field of play.

A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in

Corner kick

When the ball goes out of play over the goal line, without a goal being
scored and having last been touched by a member of the defending team.
The kick is taken from the corner of the field of play nearest to the place
where the ball crossed the goal line.

It is legal to directly score from the corner kick.

Slide 8 Corner kick

A corner kick will be taken when the ball goes out of play over the goal line,
without a goal being scored and having last been touched by a member of
the defending team.

It is legal to directly score from the corner kick

Goal kick

A goal kick is awarded to the defending team when the ball goes out of the
field of play by crossing, either on the ground or in the air, the goal line,
without a goal being scored, when the last person to touch the ball was
from the attacking team. If the last person to touch the ball was a member
of the defending side, a corner kick is instead awarded to the attackers. Goal
kicks are most often taken by goalkeepers, but this is not compulsory under
the laws of the game.

A goal can be scored directly from a goal kick against the opposing team. An
own goal cannot be scored from a goal kick; in the highly unlikely
circumstance that the ball enters the kicker's own goal before being touched
by another player, a corner kick is awarded.

A player may not be penalized for offside directly from a goal kick.
Slide 9 Goal kick

A goal kick is awarded to the defending team when the ball goes out of the
field of play by crossing, either on the ground or in the air, the goal line,
without a goal being scored, when the last person to touch the ball was
from the attacking team

A goal can be scored directly from a goal kick against the opposing team

A player may not be penalized for offside directly from a goal kick

Penalty kick

A player is allowed to take a single shot on the goal while it is defended only
by the opposing team's goalkeeper. It is awarded when a offence punishable
by a direct free kick is committed by a player in their own penalty area. The
shot is taken from the penalty mark, which is 11 m (12 yards) from the goal
line and centred between the touch lines.
The ball is placed on the penalty mark, regardless of where in the penalty
area the foul occurred. The player taking the kick must be identified to the
referee. Only the kicker and the defending team's goalkeeper are allowed to
be within the penalty area; all other players must be within the field of play,
outside the penalty area, behind the penalty mark, and a minimum of 9.15m
(10 yd) from the penalty mark (this distance is denoted by the penalty arc).
[1] The goalkeeper is allowed to move before the ball is kicked, but must
remain on the goal-line between the goal-posts, facing the kicker, without
touching the goalposts, crossbar, or goal net. At the moment the kick is
taken, the goalkeeper must have at least part of one foot touching, or in line
with, the goal line.
Slide 10 Penalty kick

A player is allowed to take a single shot on the goal while it is defended only
by the opposing team's goalkeeper. It is awarded when a offence punishable
by a direct free kick is committed by a player in their own penalty area

The ball is placed on the penalty mark, regardless of where in the penalty
area the foul occurred

Offside ( Thế việt vị ) >< Onside ( in a position where you are allowed to
play)

A player is in an offside position if any of their body parts, except the hands
and arms, are in the opponents' half of the pitch, and closer to the
opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent (the
last opponent is usually, but not necessarily, the goalkeeper)
Being in an offside position is not an offence in itself, but a player so
positioned when the ball is played by a team-mate can be judged guilty of an
offside offence if he or she receives the ball or will otherwise become
"involved in active play", will "interfere with an opponent", or will "gain an
advantage" by being in that position

However, an offside offence may occur if a player receives the ball directly
from either a direct free kick, indirect free kick, or dropped-ball.

There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from a goal
kick, a corner kick, or a throw-in. It is also not an offence if the ball was last
deliberately played by an opponent (except for a deliberate save)

A player is in an offside position if two conditions are met:

First, any part of the player's head, body or feet is in the opponents' half of
the field (excluding the half-way line).

Second, any part of the player's head, body or feet is closer to the
opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent.

The goalkeeper counts as an opponent in the second condition, but it is not

necessary that the last opponent be the goalkeeper.

The sanction for an offside offence is an indirect free kick for the opponent
at the place where the offence occurred, even if it is in the player's own half
of the field of play.

Slide 11 Offside

A player is in an offside position if any of their body parts, except the hands
and arms, are in the opponents' half of the pitch, and closer to the
opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent (the
last opponent is usually, but not necessarily, the goalkeeper)

A player is in an offside position if two conditions are met:

First, any part of the player's head, body or feet is in the opponents' half of
the field (excluding the half-way line).

Second, any part of the player's head, body or feet is closer to the
opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent.

How a player is in the offside position?

The blue forward on the left of the diagram is in an offside position as

he/she is ahead of both the ball and the second-last opponent (marked by
the dotted line) in the opponents' half of the pitch. This does not necessarily
mean they are committing an offside offence. It becomes an offence only if
the ball is played or touched by a team-mate while he or she is in an offside
position and the player subsequently becomes involved in active play no
matter if any of these events occur after they move to an onside position.
Slide 12: How a player is in the offside position? Chỉ cần trích tấm hình

However, I want to show all you that there is a special case that although a
player is an offside position, but he/or or she don’t commit an offside
offence

The blue forward in the penalty area of the diagram is not in an offside
position, as he/she is behind the ball, despite the fact that he/she is closer
to the opponents' goal line than the second-last opponent, which means a
player don’t meet the second condition to commit an offside offence and
he/she can continue to proceed the play.
Slide 13: Chỉ cần trích tấm hình

Categories of foul

Direct free kicks offences are the more common type of foul. If a direct free
kick is awarded in the penalty area of the offending player, a penalty kick is
awarded.

The majority of fouls concern contact between opponents. Although

contact between players is a part of the game, the Laws prohibit most
forceful contact, meaning that, unlike other football codes, a tackle in
association football is required to be predominantly directed against the ball
rather than the player in possession of it. Specifically the rules prohibit
charging, jumping at, kicking (or attempting to kick), pushing, striking (or
attempting to strike), tripping (or attempting to trip), and rugby-style
tackling an opponent in a manner considered to be careless, reckless or
"using excessive force". Being careless makes it an offence, being reckless
makes it a cautionable offence and using excessive force makes it a sending-
off offence. Such classification of contact is a matter of judgement for the
referee.

The handball offence is also penalised with a direct free kick. Players in
football are prohibited from touching the ball with their hands or arm, with
the exception of the goalkeeper in their penalty area. For the purposes of
handball the "arm" begins just below the shoulder. Unavoidable accidental
contact is not penalised - such as if the ball it struck against a player's arm at
short range and the player could not have reasonably avoided the contact.
However, if the player has positioned their arm so as to make their body
"unnaturally bigger" and contact occurs, this is considered handball.
Additionally, if a player scores in the opponent's goal with their hand or arm,
even if accidental and unavoidable, this is considered handball and the goal
does not stand
A direct free kick means that the kick can be taken as a direct shot.

Slide 14 Direct free kicks offences

Prohibit charging, jumping at, kicking (or attempting to kick), pushing,

striking, tripping, and rugby-style tackling an opponent in a manner
considered to be careless, reckless or "using excessive force".

The handball offence is also penalised with a direct free kick. Players in
football are prohibited from touching the ball with their hands or arm
A direct free kick means that the kick can be taken as a direct shot.

Indirect free kick offences

When is an indirect free kick given? Well, usually the indirect free kick is
given if a goalkeeper commits a specific offense in his or her own penalty
area. These offenses include:

Touching the ball again with his or her hands after he or she has released it
from possession and before it has touched another player

Touching the ball with his or her hands after it has been deliberately kicked
to him or her by a teammate

Touching the ball with his or her hands after he or she has received it
directly from a throw-in by a teammate

An indirect free kick can also be award to a team if the opposing player:

Plays in a dangerous manner

Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball

Impedes the progress of an opponent

Commits any offense that stops play that does not warrant a direct free kick

When an indirect kick is awarded, it is taken from the spot where the foul
was committed, even in the penalty area. The player taking the kick cannot
touch the ball again until it has touched another player-- and if the indirect
kick goes into the goal before touching another player, a goal kick is
awarded.

Slide 15 Indirect free kick offences

An indirect free kick is given if a goalkeeper commits a specific offense in his

or her own penalty area. These offenses include:

Touching the ball again with his or her hands after he or she has released it
from possession and before it has touched another player
Touching the ball with his or her hands after it has been deliberately kicked
to him or her by a teammate

Touching the ball with his or her hands after he or she has received it
directly from a throw-in by a teammate

An indirect free kick can also be award to a team if the opposing player:

Plays in a dangerous manner

Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball

Impedes the progress of an opponent

Commits any offense that stops play that does not warrant a direct free kick

Yellow card (caution)

A yellow card is shown by the referee to indicate that a player has been
officially cautioned. The player's details are then recorded by the referee in
a small notebook; hence a caution is also known as a "booking". A player
who has been cautioned may continue playing in the game; however, a
player who receives a second caution in a match is sent off (shown the
yellow card again, and then a red card), meaning that they must leave the
field immediately and take no further part in the game. The player may not
be replaced by a substitute.

In most tournaments, the accumulation of a certain number of yellow cards

over several matches results in disqualification of the offending player for a
certain number of subsequent matches, the exact number of cards and
matches varying by jurisdiction.

There are basically six different types of offence that can result in a yellow
card being shown to a player if They are:

Unsportman-like behaviour
Dissent by word or deed

Repeated infringement of the rules

Delaying the restart of play

Not maintaining the correct distance from a corner or free-kick.

Leaving or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission.

Slide 16 Yellow card

A yellow card is shown by the referee to indicate that a player has been
officially cautioned

There are basically six different types of offence that can result in a yellow
card being shown to a player if They are:

Unsportman-like behaviour

Dissent by word or deed

Repeated infringement of the rules

Delaying the restart of play

Not maintaining the correct distance from a corner or free-kick.

Leaving or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission.

Red card

As we mention earlier, A red card is shown by a referee to signify that a

player must be sent off.  A player who has been sent off is required to leave
the field of play immediately, must take no further part in the game and
cannot be replaced by a substitute, forcing their team to play with one
player fewer. If a team's goalkeeper receives a red card another player is
required to assume goalkeeping duties, so teams usually substitute another
goalkeeper for an outfield player if they still have substitutes available.

The players will be sent off if they :

1) deny an obvious goal-scoring opportunity with a handball (this does not

apply to a goalkeeper within their penalty area)

2) denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity with a foul (unless the

referee awards a penalty and it was an attempt to play the ball)

3) commit serious foul play

4) have violent conduct

4) using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or action(s)

5) receiving a second caution ( two yellow card ) in the same match

Slide 17

A red card is shown by a referee to signify that a player must be sent off. 

The players will be sent off if they :

1) deny an obvious goal-scoring opportunity with a handball (this does not

apply to a goalkeeper within their penalty area)

2) denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity with a foul (unless the

referee awards a penalty and it was an attempt to play the ball)

3) commit serious foul play

4) have violent conduct

5) using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or action(s)

6) receiving a second caution ( two yellow card ) in the same match

Duration and tie-breaking methods

90-minute ordinary time

A standard football match consists of two-halves of 45 minutes each. Each

half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball
is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves.
The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee is the official
timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through
substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This
added time is called additional time, but is most commonly referred to as
stoppage time or injury time, while lost time can also be used as a synonym.
The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee.

Slide 18 90-minute ordinary time

- A standard football match consists of two-halves of 45 minutes each.

Each half runs continuously.
- Additional time, commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time
can also be used as a synonym to make an allowance for time lost.
Tie-breaking methods

In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions

where a winner is required various methods may be employed to break such
a deadlock; some competitions may invoke replays. A game tied at the end
of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-
minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions
allow the use of penalty shootouts to determine which team will progress to
the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored during extra time periods
count towards the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark
are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the
tournament.

First leg of extra time

Second half of extra time

Penalty shootout

Slide 19 Tie-breaking methods

Ông trích 3 tấm hình và ghi lần lượt là first half, second half of extra time và
penalty shootout
In competitions using two-legged matches, each team competes at home
once, with an aggregate score from the two matches deciding which team
progresses. Two-legged tie is a contest between two teams which comprises
two matches or "legs", with each team as the home team in one leg. The
winning team is usually determined by aggregate score, the sum of the
scores of the two legs where aggregates are equal, the away goals rule may
be used to determine the winners, in which case the winner is the team that
scored the most goals in the leg they played away from home. If the result is
still equal, extra time and potentially a penalty shootout are required.

First leg

Second leg with away rule to which it was applied

Slide 20 two-legged tie

In competitions using two-legged matches, each team competes at home

once, with an aggregate score from the two matches deciding which team
progresses

For example, if the scores of the two legs are:

First leg: Team A 4–1 Team B

Second leg: Team B 2–1 Team A

 Then the aggregate score will be Team A 5–3 Team B, meaning team A
wins the tie.

Away goal rule sometimes applied to some major competitions

Ông trích 2 hình ở trên