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  • MENINGITIS

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    Ferrel Cader
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    Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is commonly caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging, and analyzing spinal fluid for presence of organisms and inflammatory markers. Treatment depends on the identified cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals. Without prompt treatment, meningitis can lead to permanent disabilities like hearing loss, seizures, or even death.

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    Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is commonly caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging, and analyzing spinal fluid for presence of organisms and inflammatory markers. Treatment depends on the identified cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals. Without prompt treatment, meningitis can lead to permanent disabilities like hearing loss, seizures, or even death.

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    16 views5 pages

    MENINGITIS

    Uploaded by

    Ferrel Cader
    Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is commonly caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging, and analyzing spinal fluid for presence of organisms and inflammatory markers. Treatment depends on the identified cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals. Without prompt treatment, meningitis can lead to permanent disabilities like hearing loss, seizures, or even death.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    MENINGITIS

    1. Definisi
    a. Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and
    spinal cord (meninges).

    2. Etiologi
    Berbagai organisme yang menyebar ke dalam darah dan menembus kedalam cairan otak
    a. Virus : Tersering  Echovirus dan Coxsackievirus
    b. Bakteri : Haemophilus influenzae (45%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (18%) dan
    Neisseria meningitidis (14%)
    c. Protozoa : Toksoplasmosis, malaria
    d. Mikosis : Blastomikosis
    e. Riketsia

    3. Patogenesis
    4. Epidemiologi
    a. Negara Afrika Sub Sahara dengan >10 kasus / 100.000 penduduk / tahun
    b. 2-10 kasus / 100.000 penduduk / tahun pada beberapa negara Eropa, Amerika
    Selatan, dan Australia.
    c. Di Asia diperkirakan terjadi <2 kasus /100.000 penduduk / tahun

    5. Faktor Resiko
    a. Skipping vaccinations
    b. Age
    c. Living in a community setting
    d. Pregnancy
    e. Compromised immune system

    6. Gejala Klinis
    a. Trias Gejala
    i. Panas
    ii. Sakit kepala/muntah
    iii. Kaku kuduk
    b. Gejala Lain
    i. Anoreksia
    ii. Terkadang kejang
    iii. Sakit pada sendi
    iv. Gangguan kesadaran

    7. Diagnosis
    a. Anamnesis
    Demam, sakit kepala, mual dan muntah, anoreksia, terkadang kejang, dan sakit pada
    sendi
    b. Pemeriksaan Fisik
    Kaku kuduk, Kernig (+), Brudzinski I-IV, kelainan saraf kranial, gejala neurologi fokal,
    gangguan kesadaran
    c. Pemeriksaan Penunjang
    i. Blood Cultures
    ii. Imaging
    iii. Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
    8. Pemeriksaan Cairan Serebrospinal (CSS)
    a. Kontraindikasi LP :
    i. Tekanan intracranial meningkat
    ii. Radang pada tempat yang akan ditusuk
    iii. Hemodynamic / pulmonary instability
    iv. Coagulopathy / thrombocytopenia berat
    b. Yang diobservasi
    i. Tekanan
    ii. Warna
    iii. Sel
    iv. Protein
    v. Glukosa
    vi. Kultur
    9. Tatalaksana

    10. Komplikasi
    Meningitis complications can be severe. The longer you or your child has the disease without
    treatment, the greater the risk of seizures and permanent neurological damage, including:
    a. Hearing loss
    b. Memory difficulty
    c. Learning disabilities
    d. Brain damage
    e. Gait problems
    f. Seizures
    g. Kidney failure
    h. Shock
    i. Death
    11. Prognosis
    a. Viral meningitis will usually get better on its own and rarely causes any long-term
    problems.
    b. Most people with bacterial meningitis who are treated quickly will also make a full
    recovery, although some are left with serious long-term problems.
    c. Overall, it's estimated up to 1 in every 10 cases of bacterial meningitis is fatal.

    12. Referensi
    a. Neurologi Klinis_dr. Moch. Bahrudin, Sp.S
    b. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningitis/symptoms-causes/syc-
    20350508
    c. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/meningitis/

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