MTE 314

Mechanical Vibrations
Report Experiments 1

Submitted by
Yomna Emad Hamdy
(120190125)

To
Prof. Samy Assal
Eng. Ahmed Gamal

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 Experiment 1
Introduction
A pendulum is a weight that is suspended from a pivot and can freely swing. When a pendulum is
moved sideways from its resting equilibrium position, gravity acts as a restorative force, accelerating
the pendulum back to its equilibrium position. The restoring force acting on the mass of the
pendulum causes it to oscillate about the equilibrium position, swinging back and forth, when it is
released. The period is the amount of time it takes for one complete cycle, a left swing, and a right
swing. The period is determined by the length of the pendulum and, to a lesser extent, by the
amplitude, or swing breadth.

Objectives
Comparing the oscillatory behavior of the physical pendulum with thread pendulum

Calculations
A physical pendulum is one in which the mass of the pendulum is not
concentrated in one place. This happens in all pendulums are physical,
because the ideal concentration of mass at a single place is impossible to
accomplish. To construct the equation of motion, moment equilibrium is
produced around the suspension point. The pendulum is deflected around the
angle op once again. At the center of gravity S, the component FR=m-g sin
of the force owing to the weight applied by the lever arm also seeks to return
the pendulum to its initial position. When the mass moment of inertia (MMI)
Jo is applied to the suspension point O, the result is:

The equation of motion for the physical pendulum

From the MMI (Jo) about the center of gravity and the Steiner component with
a center of gravity distance rso , the MMI Jo about the suspension point O is calculated.

Consider a thin, homogeneous rod of mass m with a Centre of gravity distance r so = L/2 as a simple example.

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The equation of motion in this case

When the length of the Rod

pendulum is 800 mm

As the center of gravity distance with the

rod pendulum is rso = L/2 = 400 mm.

The thread pendulum is set to a length of 400 mm

Thus resulting in the following periodic time

The reduced pendulum length Lred of a physical pendulum is the pendulum length of a
mathematical pendulum with the same period of oscillation.

The two periods are equated:

For the given rod pendulum, the

reduced pendulum length is

Steps
 Set The length of the thread pendulum to 400 mm.
 Move the two pendulum at the same moment.
 After calculating Lred The thread pendulum is now set to 533 mm in length.
 Again Move the two pendulum at the same moment
 The pendulum is gently set in motion (about 10 cm deflection at bottom end) and the time
taken for twenty oscillations is recorded using a stopwatch.
 As a result, T = 1.4665 s for one period. This value is quite close to the estimated result.

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Results &Discussion

In the first case, When the two pendulums are placed in motion at the same time, they oscillate
almost simultaneously, but their periodic times differ

When we set the length of the the thread pendulum is to the L red , the two pendulums are set in
motion at the same time, they oscillate virtually in parallel and have the same period of oscillation.

The time taken for the twenty oscillations is T20 = 29.33 s then As a result, T = 1.4665 s for one
period. This value is quite close to the estimated result.

Conclusion

In order to make the thread pendulum behave the same or close to the movement of the rod
pendulum, you must adjust the thread pendulum along the reduced length.

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