Simple pendulum

Name: karzan mohamad salih

Stage: 1st

Group: A

Lecture: Physics I Lab

Experiment no: 1st

Head of the lab: Dr.jalal M.salih

Data:27\2\2019

1
INTRODUCTION:

Simple Pendulum: A simple pendulum consists of a large mass (bob)

suspended by a light string from a rigid support (Figure 1). The length of
the string is large compared to the dimensions of the bob. A stationary
pendulum has its string in a vertical position with the bob hanging straight
down. This is known as the pendulum's equilibrium position (since if left
undisturbed, the pendulum will remain in this position). Oscillations (to and
fro motion) are set up in a pendulum by displacing the bob from its
equilibrium positions and releasing it. a simple pendulum consisting of a
string and bob (mass) that displays the maxima of oscillation, the
equilibrium point, and the bob in motion between a maxima and the
equilibrium point

Figure 1

2
The purposes of this experiment:

 to study the motion of a simple pendulum,

 to study simple harmonic motion,
 to learn the definitions of period, frequency, and amplitude,
 to learn the relationships between the period, frequency, amplitude
and length of a simple pendulum

Experimental procedure:

 Construct the pendulum apparatus as shown in the figure. A bob was

suspended on a thread and it is clamped on a stand.
 Set the length of the thread as 1m and oscillate the bob freely.
 Note down the time taken for 20 oscillations.
 Then find out the period using the formula.
 Repeat the experiment for different length of the thread such as 50
cm, 40 cm, 30 cm etc.

l
Formula: T= 2π
√ g

3
Lab question:

what’s kind of forces do act on bob of the simple pendulum ?

answer: There are two dominant forces acting upon a pendulum bob at all times
during the course of its motion. There is the force of gravity that acts downward upon
the bob. It results from the Earth's mass attracting the mass of the bob. And there is a
tension force acting upward and towards the pivot point of the pendulum.

how does the restoring force exist in the system of the simple pendulum ?

answer: The restoring force is often referred to in simple harmonic motion. ... When the
pendulum is not swinging all the forces acting on the pendulum are in equilibrium. The
force due to gravity and the mass of the object at the end of the pendulum is equal to
the tension in the string holding that object up.

what condition or conditions are required for simple harmonic motion ?

answer: Conditions for SHM: Basic conditions to execute simple harmonic motion are
as under: 1.There must be an elastic restoring force acting on the system. 3.The
acceleration of the system should be directly proportional to its displacement and is
always directed to mean position i.e.

what is relation between length of a simple pendulum and period of

oscillation ?

answer: The period of a simple pendulum is independent of the amplitude of

oscillation, provided it is small. The period of a simple pendulum is directly proportional
to the square root of length of the pendulum. The period of a simple pendulum is
inversely proportional to the square root of the acceleration due to gravity.

4
DESCISSION :

1. The period of the simple pendulum oscillations does not depend on the
mass of the load, nor on the angle of revolution.

2. The period of the simple pendulum oscillations increases as the length

of the pendulum increases.

3. The period of the simple pendulum oscillations varies as square of the

length of pendulum.

4. The acceleration due to gravity can be found experimentally from the

dependence Period vs. Length. The value I evaluated from my experiments
is in good agreement with the one measured before me.

5. The table and plot have been prepared to measure the length without the
ruler, through the period of oscillations.

The sources of errors in a simple pendulum experiment are the

following:

human errors comes in when measuring the period using a stopwatch. The
reaction time of the observer plays a significant error when starting the
stopwatch and when stopping it. This error can be minimized by repeating
the experiment many times.

5
Reference:

https://fizik-ruslawati.blogspot.com/2013/01/simple-pendulum-experiment.html

https://jdaniel4smom.com/2016/02/stem-simple-pendulum-experiment-for-
kids.html

https://images.search.yahoo.com/

http://amrita.olabs.edu.in/?sub=1&brch=5&sim=159&cnt=2