Name of Exp : Measure of density,specific Gravity,and API gravity

Name:karzan mohamad salih

Stage : 1st

Group: A

Expermint No:1
Data:21\2\2019

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Scope:
The American Petroleum Institute plays an important role in deciding the
price of crude oil by specifying its API gravity. API gravity can be referred to
as crude oil viscosity check i.e., how heavy or light it is as compared to
water. and for quality of crude oil product.

Introduction:
API: API is an acronym for American Petroleum Institute, which is an
organization that standardizes most of the oilfield drilling and producing
equipment. It has publications, standards, recommended practices and
bulletins. Most of the oil and gas organizations follow API standards. It
consists of 400 Corporations in the Petroleum Industry that helps to set
standards for the production, refinement, and distribution of crude oil and
petroleum products. The API values for various classification categories of
crude oil are as follows:

 Light – API > 31.1

 Medium – API between 22.3 and 31.1
 Heavy – API < 22.3
 Extra Heavy – API < 10.0

Specific cavity: is the ratio of the density of a substance to the

density of a reference substance; equivalently, it is the ratio of the massof
a substance to the mass of a reference substance for the same given
volume. Apparent specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a volume of
the substance to the weight of an equal volume of the reference substance.

Density: Density is a measure of mass per unit of volume.

The average density of an object equals its total mass divided by its total
volume.

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Procedure: hydrometer
 First we get graduete cylinder
 We put in kerosene in cylinder
 After that we put hydrometer to measure the specific gravity we wait
for hydrometer to be in center of cylinder we measure 0.94 S.G
 Then we put S.G t o law of API we get 19.03

Using Hydrometer apparatus:

1. Hydrometer
2. Thermometer
3. Hydrometer cylinder
4. Constant temperature

Procedure: pyknometer
 We have two sample of kerosene
 We should measure Wight of pyknometer impty and with sample
 Then we have two wight then we must wight high minus wight less
 Then we have volume of pyknometer
 Then we get density
 Density equal S.G because density of water one
 Then put S.G to law of API
 Then we get API

Using Pyknometer apparatus:

1. Pyknometer and holder
2. Bath and a thermometer
3. Balance
4. stopwatch

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Sketch instrument:

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Calculation : for hydrometer
We have we have law of API

And we get S.G by hydrometer S.G

API 19.03

Calculation: for pycnometer

We have volume of pyKnometer V 25ml

And we have two wight then wight high minus wight less

wt 19.41 wt

Wt 41.34 19.41 21.93

Then get density

then S.G P because density of water one

S.G

Then put S.G to API law

API 131.5

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Discussion:
1. What are two things does density depend on?
Answer: Mass and Volume.
2. If you have something with a mass of 45g and a volume
5ml, what’s that objects density? How did you determine
its density?

Answer: P 9 ⁄ , Erbium ,

We determine by law of density .

3. Is density is state function or path function ?why?

Answer:

REFRENCE:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_gravity
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_density
https://www.petropedia.com/definition/4/am
erican-petroleum-institute-api
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