Technical Engineering collage

Department of petrochemical Engineering

practical of petroleum refinery
Experiment No (2)

Name: Safwan kamal askender

Stage: 3
Subject: petroleum refinery
FOR Ms: Derin
Date: 18/10/2020

1
Calculation:
1- Density
2- Specific gravity
3- API
Part 1:
Piknometer:
A-Kerosine
Temperature room= 26.5C
Empty mass of piknometer= 27.17g
Mass of piknometer with kerosene liquid= 71.09g
Volume of piknometer= 50ml 50cm3
Mass of kerosene= 71.09 – 27.17= 43.92g
mass
Density ¿ volume at 26.5C

43.92
Density ¿ 50 =0.8784 g/cm 3

Denity of substance
Specific gravity = Density of water

0.8784
Specific gravity = 0,997 =0.881

141.5
API= Specific gravity at 26.5 C −131.5

141.5
API= 0.881 −131.5=29.11

2
 B- Diesel:
Temperature room= 26.5C
Empty mass of piknometer= 27.17g
Mass of piknometer with Diesel liquid= 66.76g
Volume of piknometer= 50ml 50cm3
Mass of kerosene= 66.76 – 27.17= 39.59g
mass
Density ¿ volume at 26.5C

39.59
Density ¿ 50 =0.7918 g /cm3

Denity of substance
Specific gravity = Density of water

0.7918
Specific gravity = 0,997 =0.7941

141.5
API= Specific gravity at 26.5 C −131.5

141.5
API= 0.7941 −131.5=46.68

Part 2
Hydrometer:
A- Diesel
Specific gravity = 0.821
141.5
API= Specific gravity at 26.5 C −131.5

141.5
API= 0.821 – 131.5=40.85

3
 B- Kerosene:
Specific gravity = 0.795
141.5
API= Specific gravity at 26.5 C −131.5

141.5
API= 0.795 – 131.5=46.48

Discussion:
1- Explain which method is more
accuret?
Pyknometer is more accurate than Hydrometer the reason
belong to those factor that affect the hydrometer like
Temperature carbon dioxide and and presence of alcohol

2- What are the factor affecting on

hydrometer?
A- Temperature
B- Carbondioxide
C- Alcohol
3- What are the advantages of API
value?
The more API gravity value of crude oil is more expensive
and more effectual because its contain more gasoline and it
is the most wanted product at the whole world. The other
advantage of API gravity value that we can determine the
sulphur contain in crude oil, the higher value if API gravity
means the less contain of sulfur , the high levels of sulfur

4
contains can be toxic and dangerous and can cause
breathing hazards.

Observation:
For this experiment especially for pyknometer we get the
wrong answer because when we put the liquid into
pyknometer overflow was occurred for liquid and in the lab
there are nothing like Kleenex and water to clean the
pyknometer and the Balance was dirty like the top of the
balance has a liquid there is nothing to clean the balance and
another reason for API we do this experiment nearly at 15C
but we did this experiment at 26.5C this is another reason .