The College of Engineering

Department of Petrochemicals
Module: unit operation

Title: Estimation the volume

flow rate using venture meter

A Module Tutor: Mr. Birhad & Mr. Kawar

Date: 11/11/2020

The Student: Safwan Kamal Askender

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Objective:
1. To teach the students how to measure the volume flow rate using
principle Bernoulli theorem.
2. To understand how to measure the volume flow rate by traditional
method using collected tank and stop watch.
3. And how to estimate the coefficient of discharge (Cd) for ventui-
meter apparatus.

Introduction:
There are many different meters used to measure fluid flow: the turbine-type
flow meter, the rotameter, the orifice meter, and the venturi meter are only a
few. Each meter works by its ability to alter a certain physical property of the
flowing fluid and then allows this alteration to be measured. The measured
alteration is then related to the flow. The subject of this experiment is to
analyze the features of certain meters.
A venturi meter is a measuring or also considered as a meter device that is
usually used to measure the flow of a fluid in the pipe. A Venturi meter may
also be used to increase the velocity of any type fluid in a pipe at any
particular point. It basically works on the principle of Bernoulli's Theorem. The
pressure in a fluid moving through a small cross section drops suddenly
leading to an increase in velocity of the flow. The fluid of the characteristics of
high pressure and low velocity gets converted to the low pressure and high
velocity at a particular point and again reaches to high pressure and low
velocity. The point where the characteristics become low pressure and high
velocity is the place where the venturi flow meter is used.
The orifice meter consists of a throttling device (an orifice plate) inserted in the
flow. This orifice plate creates a measurable pressure difference between its
upstream and downstream sides. This pressure is then related to the flow
rate. Like the Venturi meter, the pressure difference varies directly with the
flow rate.
The Variable Area Meter (Rotameter) A rotameter consists of a gradually
tapered glass tube mounted vertically in a frame with the large end up. Fluid
enters the tube from the bottom. A sit enters, it causes the float to rise to a
position of equilibrium. The position of equilibrium is at the point where the
weight of the float is balanced by the weight of the fluid it displaces (the
buoyant force exerted on the float by the fluid) and the pressure due to
velocity(dynamic pressure).

Procedure:

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 1. We are running the centrifugal pump by push the on switch button.
2. Measure the pipe diameter (d1) and throat diameter (d2) of venturi-
meter tube.
3. Observe the flow and adjust the flowrate using a control valve in pipeline
for maximum discharge.
4. Measure the pressure difference (∆h) across the venturi by using
piezometer.
5. Measure volume flow rate i.e. actual discharge (Qac) through venture
using knowable tank volume to collect specified quantity of water and
measuring the time required to collect this volume.
6. Calculate the theoretical discharge (Qth) through orifices using Bernoulli
equation.
7. Estimate the discharge coefficient Cd from theoretical and practical
volume flow rate results.
8. Decrease the flow rate by adjusting the control valve and repeat the
above processes at least five times.

Calculation:
Heigh1= 19.5cm Heigh2= 6.5cm g= 9.81m/s2
Diameter1= 24mm→ 0.024𝑚 Diameter2= 16mm→ 0.016𝑚

∆H= H1 –H2 ∆𝐻 = 19.5 − 6.5 = 6𝑐𝑚 → 0.13𝑚

𝜋 𝑑12 𝜋(0.024)2
A1= = = 4.52 × 10−4𝑚2
4 4

𝜋 𝑑22 𝜋(0.016)2
A2= = = 2 × 10−4
4 4

2𝑔 × ∆𝐻 2×(9.81)×(0.13)
Qtheoretical= 𝐴2 × √ 𝐴2 2 = 2 × 10−4 × √ 2×10−4 2
= 3.58 ×
1− ) 1−( )
(𝐴1 4.52×10−4

10−4 𝑚3/𝑠𝑒𝑐

Length= 59cm 0.59m

Width= 49cm 0.49m

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H= 3cm 0.03m
Time= 31.3sec
𝑙.𝑤.ℎ 0.59∗0.49∗0.03
Qactual= = = 2.77 × 10−4𝑚3/𝑠
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 31.3

𝑄𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 2.77×10−4
Cd= = = 0.77
𝑄𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 3.58×10−4

Qrotameter = 22L/Min = 3.66× 10−4𝑚3/𝑠𝑒𝑐

∆P= 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ∗ ∆𝐻 = 9810 ∗ 0.06 = 588.6

Pressure H1 H2 ∆𝐻 Time Q rota Q act Qth Cd

N/M2 Cm Cm require M3/s M3/S M3/s
(s)
19.5 6.5 13 31.3 3.66× 2.77 × 10−4 3.58 0.77
10−4 × 10−4

Discussion & Result:

Actually for this experiment we know how to determine the Coefficient
discharge, and determine Q theoretical, Q rotameter and Q actual. the value
of Q theoretical should be more than Q actual because may the device have
some issue and we get the relative value of Q actual.