EXPERIMENT SIMULATION EXERCISE REPORT No.

1:
REYNOLDS NUMBER

Group I:

Bandong, Ivy Marie

Docto Emy

Gabilangoso, Nicole Easther

Rellin, Nerisa

Ventura, Rizzi Carla

ABSTRACT
I. Theory/Engineering & Science Principles
II. Objectives :
1) To study the differences in the flow pattern between laminar flow and
turbulent flow.
2) To determine by simulation/calculations using the different flow data provided
by the laboratory instructor, the Reynold's number of these different flow
rates and compare the results with that found in the chemical engineering
textbooks & literatures.
III. Equipment & Apparatus:
1) Reynold's Number Apparatus set--up of CSA-B, Engineering Laboratory
2) Platform weigher - 30 to 50 kg capacity
3) Thermometer
4) 2 Plastic buckets- 20 li capacity
5) Stop watch

[for reference, PICTURES/LAYOUT OF CSA-B College of Engineering will

be added/inserted here]

IV. Materials and supplies (not actually used since this is an on-line learning
instruction)
1) KMnO4 solution, or any dark red colored or ink dye solution
2) Water supply
V. Safety gear/apparel (not actually used in on-line learning instruction)
1) rubber gloves
2) safety glasses or goggles
VI. Procedures (these are the procedures that we will use/follow if the
experiment is done actually):

DIAGRAM OF THE REYNOLDS NUMBER EXPERIMENT SET-UP

Attach pictures of the equipments set-up, equipments, tools, etc.

Our laboratory instructor explained/elaborated on the procedures outlined below using

the pictures of the equipments and the whole equipment set-up (as if we were actually
performing the experiment)

1. Inspect the whole apparatus set-up. See to it that it is free from dirt, debris and
foreign objects. Clean if necessary.
2. Before starting the experiment, take measurements of the following: a.) ID of
the transparent plastic tube, b.) the tare weights of the plastic buckets.
3. Fill the dye container with a dye solution ( KMnO 4 solution, or red ink, or
any red colored dye solution). Wear the required rubber gloves and safety
glasses or goggle in doing this.
 4. Open water valve A to have a flow thru the transparent tube. Valve B should
be opened a little only to allow flow. Opening of valve A should be controlled
and maintained to avoid water overflow.
5. When the flow had stabilized, adjust opening of valve B to achieve very slow
flowrate in glass tube. Observed and record the dye colored streak at the center
of the flow thru-out the vertical length of the tube (draw/sketch, describe, or
much better take pictures of these observations). At this observation (i.e
without any changes in the opening of valve A and Valve B), make
measurement of the flow velocity by “weight & time” method –> collect a
volume of water flowing out with a plastic bucket and the exact time duration
of collection using stop watch. Also during the duration of water flow
collection, get the collected water temperature using thermometer..
6. Increase the opening of valve B to increase a little the water flow in the
transparent tube. Adjust also the opening of valve A to balance the flow (i.e.)
without causing overflow at the overflow port. Again as what were done in
step 4, observed and record the dye colored streak at the center of the flow
thru-out the vertical length of the tube (draw/sketch, describe or much better
take pictures of these observations), and make measurement of the flow
velocity.
7. Kept repeating step No. 6 until the observed dye streaks are no longer straight
or wavy, but mixing vigorously. These would take about 3 to 5 trials.
Note : All data must be properly recorded/ consolidated/ organized and
tabulated.

VII. ) Being on On-line simulation/exercise, the experiment was not actually done.
Flow data were provided only by our laboratory instructor for us to work on
calculate the the Reynold Number.

Table 1.1
Data for Group 2
Tube inside diameter = 19.05 mm
Bucket (tare weight) =1.02 kg
Trial No. Gross weight Collectio Water Reynolds Type of
of bucket & n Time Temp. Number flow
water collected (minutes) Deg. C
(kg)
1 6.44 8.55 29°C 862 Laminar
2 10.55 6.45 29°C 2009 Laminar
3 19.5 6.68 29°C 3761 Transition
4 22.97 7.22 29°C 4133 Turbulent
5 24.97 7.15 29°C 4548 Turbulent

VIII.) Summary/Conclusion

The experiment was carried out to study the differences in the flow pattern
between laminar flow and turbulent flow and to determine by simulation/calculations
using the different flow data provided by the laboratory instructor. The Reynold’s
number for each trial was calculated using the obtained data and then tabulated in
Table 1.1. Also displayed in the afforementioned table was the type of flow for each
trial.
The flow of a fluid can be characterized to be laminar, turbulent, or
transitional. In laminar flow, the motion of the particles of a fluid is very orderly with
particles close to a solid surface moving in straight lines parallel to that surface. Flow
is laminar at Reynold’s Number of below 2100. Transitional or transient flow is the
phase of flow that occurs between laminar and turbulent flow, and corresponds to
Reynolds numbers that land between 2100 and 4000. In turbulent flow, the motion of
the particles is chaotic and there is lateral mixing. Flow is turbulent at Reynold’s
Number of above 4000.
Moreover, for a given cross sectional area of the pipe and a fluid of given
density and viscosity we had determined that the Reynold’s number is truly dependent
on velocity through this experiment. We had observed that the Reynold’s number
generally increases with increasing velocity of the fluid. This makes sense because the
Reynold’s number maintains a linear relationship with velocity in the equation. Thus,
the faster the rate of flow, the higher tendency it will develop turbulence.

IX.) Appendix

Calculations:

TH20 = 29°C + 273.15

TH20 = 302.15K

Given the TH20 = 302.15K, μ and ρ from Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook are
as follows:

T (K) Density Viscosity

(mol/dm3) (μPa·_x0007_s)
300 55.315 853.84
310 55.139 693.54

302.15 X Y

By interpolation:
3
( 55.315 −55.139 ) mol
( 300− 310 ) K dm
=
( 300− 302.15 ) K mol 3
( 55.315 − X )
dm

X= 55.27716 mol/dm3 = ρ at TH20 = 302.15K

Converting the units of density from mol/dm3 to kg/m3:

mol kg
55.27716 3
=995.5417
18.01 g 1 kg m3
dm3 (
mol )(
1000 g )( 101mdm )
By interpolation:

( 300− 310 ) K ( 853.84 − 693.54 ) μPa·s

=
( 300− 302.15 ) K ( 853.84 −Y ) μPa·s

Y= 8191.3755 μPa·s = 8.1938 x 10-4 Pa·s = μ at TH20 = 302.15K

2
π D2 π (0.01905)
Area of Pipe = = = 2.85x10-4 m2
4 4

m
Volume of Water: V =
ρ

Trial 1:

Volume of Water:

m1
V 1=
ρ
(6.44 −1.02)kg
V 1= =5.444273839× 10−3 m 3
kg
995.5417 3
m

Volumetric Flowrate:

V1
V˙ 1=
t1

5.444273839× 10−3 m 3 m3
V̇ 1= =1.06126× 10−5
60 s s
(
8.55 min
1 min)
Velocity:

V̇ 1
ϑ1 =
A
m3
−5
1.06126 ×10
s m
ϑ1 = 2
=0.03723
2.85 x 10 − 4 m s

Reynolds Number:
Dϑ 1 ρ
NRe1 =
μ
 m kg
(0.0190 5 m)(0.03723 )(995. 5417 3 )
NRe1 = s m = 862
−4
8. 1938 x 10 Pa ∙ s

Trial 2:

Volume of Water:

m2
V 2=
ρ
(10.55 −1.02) kg
V 2= =9.57267787× 10−3 m3
kg
995.5417 3
m

Volumetric Flowrate:

V2
V˙ 2=
t2

9.57267787 ×10− 3 m3 m3
V̇ 2= =2.47356 ×10 −5
60 s s
(
6.4 5 min
1min )
Velocity:

V̇ 2
ϑ2 =
A
m3
2.47356 ×10− 5
s m
ϑ2 = 2
=0.08678
2.85 x 10− 4 m s

Reynolds Number:
Dϑ 2 ρ
NRe2 =
μ

m kg
(0.0190 5 m)(0.08678 )(995. 5417 3 )
NRe2 = s m = 2009
−4
8. 1938 x 10 Pa ∙ s

Trial 3:
Volume of Water:

m3
V 3=
ρ
(19.5 − 1.02)kg
V 3= =1 . 856276384 ×10− 2 m 3
kg
995.5417 3
m

Volumetric Flowrate:

V3
V˙ 3=
t3

1 .856276384 × 10−2 m3 m3
V̇ 3= =4.63143 ×10− 5
60 s s
(
6.68 min )
1 min

Velocity:

V̇ 3
ϑ3 =
A
m3
4.63143× 10−5
s m
ϑ3 = 2
=0.16249
2.85 x 10 −4 m s

Reynolds Number:
Dϑ 3 ρ
NRe3 =
μ

m kg
(0.0190 5 m)(0.16249 )(995. 5417 3 )
NRe3 = s m = 3761
−4
8. 1938 x 10 Pa ∙ s

Trial 4:

Volume of Water:

m4
V 4=
ρ
(22.97 −1.02)kg
V 4= =2 . 204829793×10 −2 m3
kg
995.5417 3
m
Volumetric Flowrate:

V4
V˙ 4 =
t4

2. 204829793× 10−2 m3 m3
V̇ 4 = =5.08963× 10−5
60 s s
7.22min (
1 min )
Velocity:

V̇ 4
ϑ 4=
A
m3
5.08963× 10−5
s m
ϑ 4= 2
=0.17857
2.85 x 10 − 4 m s

Reynolds Number:

Dϑ 4 ρ
NRe4 =
μ

m kg
(0.0190 5 m)(0.17857 )(995. 5417 3 )
NRe4 = s m = 4133
−4
8. 1938 x 10 Pa ∙ s

Trial 5:

Volume of Water:

m5
V 5=
ρ

(24.97− 1.02) kg
V 5= =2. 402712735 ×10 −2 m3
kg
995.5417 3
m

Volumetric Flowrate:

2 . 402712735× 10−2 m3 m3
V̇ 5= =5.08963× 10−5
60 s s
7.15 min (
1 min )
Velocity:
 V̇ 5
ϑ5 =
A

m3
5.08963 ×10− 5
s m
ϑ5 = 2
=0.19650
2.85 x 10− 4 m s

Dϑ 5 ρ
Reynolds Number: NRe5 =
μ

m kg
(0.0190 5 m)(0.19650 )(995. 5417 3 )
NRe5 = s m = 4548
−4
8. 1938 x 10 Pa ∙ s

Referrences: