Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By
C.S Dash
Introduction:
Performance of boiler reduces with time due to poor
combustion, deposition on heat transfer area and poor
operation and maintenance. Time to time boiler efficiency
calculation gives a clear idea about current performance
of boiler.
Purpose of performance test
To find out efficiency of the boiler.
To find out evaporation ratio.
Efficiency & Evaporation Ratio
Boiler Efficiency (%) = ( Heat output / Heat Input) *100
Evaporation Ratio = Quantity of Steam Generation /
Quantity of Fuel Consumption.
Typical values of Evaporation ratio for different boilers are
Biomass fired boilers : 2.0 to 3.0
Coal fired boilers : 4.0 to 5.5
Oil fired boilers : 13.5 to 14.5
Gas fired boilers : 11.0 to 13.0
IS 8753: Indian Standard for Boiler
efficiency testing
Disadvantages:
Efficiency calculated by this method gives lesser value as
heat losses to different heads are also taken into account.
Direct Method – Example 1
For a power station boiler following data’s are given. We
have to calculate efficiency by direct method and
evaporation ratio.
a. Steam Generated – 45TPH @ 66 kg / cm2.
b. Steam Temperature – 485 Deg Cen at super heater
outlet
c. Coal consumption – 12TPH
d. GCV of Coal – 3200 Kcal / Kg
e. Boiler feed water temperature – 105 Deg Cen
Direct Method - Example
38400000)*100 =82.38%
Evaporation ratio = 45TPH / 12 TPH =3.75.
Oxygen
Indirect Method – Procedures for
Efficiency Calculation
c. S + O2 = SO2
32 32 64
32Kg Sulphur requires 32Kg Oxygen to form 64Kg
Sulphur Dioxide
Means 1Kg Sulphur requires 32/32 = 1kg Oxygen
Oxygen
Indirect Method – Procedures for
Efficiency Calculation
So Total Oxygen required for 1kg of fuel = (2.67C + 8H
+ S) kg
250
200
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Efficiency = 83.95%
Factors affecting Boiler Performance
Periodical cleaning of boilers.
Periodical soot blowing and stack temperature.
Proper water treatment programme and blow down
control.
Draft Control & Combustion control.
Excess Air control, incomplete combustion.
% loading of boiler. Fluctuating load.
Steam generation pressure and temperature, low feed
water temperature than design.
Boiler insulation.
Fuel quality like low GCV, high moisture, more dust.