The tuned circuit of the oscillator in a simple AM transmitter employs a 50-

microhenry (S0-11H) coil and a 1-nanofarad (1-nF) capacitor. If the oscillator

output is modulated by audio frequencies up to 10 kH.z, what is the frequency
range occupied by the sidebands?

Since the highest modulating frequency is 10 kHz, the frequency range

occupied by the sidebands will range
from 10 kHz above to 10 kHz below the carrier, extending from 722 to 702
kHz,
AM Analysis

Carrier Lower Upper

Sideband Sideband
 Example 1
Problem 1:
An audio signal 15 Sin 2π(1500)t amplitude
modulates a carrier 60 Sin 2π(100000)t.
a)Sketch the audio signal
b)Sketch the carrier
c)Construct the modulated wave
d)Determine the modulation index and percent
modulation
e)What are the frequencies of the audio signal and
the carrier?
f)What frequencies would show up in a spectrum
analysis of the modulated wave?
g)Determine the bandwidth
 Example 2
Problem 2:
A 75-MHz carrier having an amplitude of 50 V is modulated
by a 3-kHz audio signal having an amplitude of 20 V.
a)Sketch the audio signal
b)Sketch the carrier
c)Construct the modulated wave
d)Determine the modulation index and percent
modulation
e)What frequencies would show up in a spectrum analysis
of the modulated wave?
f)Write the trigonometric equations for the carrier and the
modulating waves.
g)Determine the bandwidth
AM Power
AM Current
Problem 3:
Example 3
Determine the power content of the carrier and each
of the sidebands for an AM signal having a percent
modulation of 80 % and a total power of 2500 W.

Solution:
Problem 4:
Example 4
The power content of the carrier of an AM wave is 5
KW. Determine the power content of each of the
sidebands and the total power transmitted when the
carrier is modulated 75 %.

Solution:
 Example 5
Problem 5:
An amplitude modulated wave has a power content of
800 W at its carrier frequency. Determine the power
content of each of the sidebands for a 90 %
modulation.

Solution:
 Example 6
Problem 6:
Determine the percent modulation of an amplitude-
modulated wave which has a power content at the
carrier of 8 kW and 2 kW in each of its sidebands
when the carrier is modulated by a simple audio
tone.

Solution:
 Example 7
Problem 7:
The total power content of an AM wave is 600
W. Determine the percent modulation of the signal if
each of the sidebands contains 75 W.

Solution:
 Example 8
Problem 8:
Find the percent modulation of an AM wave
whose total power content is 2500 W and whose
sidebands each of 400 W.

Solution:
Problem 9:
Example 9
Determine the power content of each of the sidebands
and of the carrier of an AM signal that has a percent
modulation of 85 % and contains 1200 W total power.

Solution:
 Example 10
Problem 10:
An AM signal in which the carrier is modulated
70 % contains 1500 W at the carrier frequency.
Determine the power content of the upper and lower
sidebands for this percent modulation. Calculate the
power at the carrier and the power content of each of
the sidebands when the percent modulation drops to
50 %.

Solution:
 Example 11
Problem 11:
The percent modulation of an AM wave changes from
40 % to 60 %. Originally, the power content at the
carrier frequency was 900 W. Determine the power
content at the carrier frequency and within each of the
sidebands after the percent modulation has risen to
60 %.

Solution:
 Example 12
Problem 12:
The total output power of an 85 % modulated AM
transmitter, whose unmodulated carrier current into
a 50-Ω antenna load impedance is 10 A, is
.

Solution:
 Example 13
Problem 13:
An antenna has an impedance of 40 Ω. An
unmodulated AM signal produces a current of 4.8 A.
The modulation is 90 %. Calculate
a) The carrier power
b) The total power
c) Sideband power

Solution:
The transmitter in Example 13 experiences an antenna current
change from 4.8 A unmodulated to 5.1 A. What is the
percentage of modulation?

Percentage modulation is 51 %
Modulation by Several Sine
Waves
 Example 14
Problem 14:
A certain transmitter radiates 9 kW with the carrier
unmodulated, and 10.125 kW when the carrier is
sinusoidally modulated. Calculate the modulation
index, percent of modulation. If another sine wave,
corresponding to 40 % modulation, is transmitted
simulataneously, determine the total radiated power.

Solution: