SEM-4

PYYSLGE Longeuthal ad
ad phutal wae TLorgckucthal arel sdrunu
l. ulauL motimPlaae uauy, waueequ, Pauhle
wae equ avd uu uoletuti
wasplan Prauwue
Premue natuditol
uu, ney upt, Pnt

eadten
wcues, Ripple ho a tuauey
Aetehed
eloity 4 feuuuea, vDeto h

2 Ueloiby
oiky ulaus
ongtudn usan tud zn a papê NuutHs
ula corsetn
wbu
evetstt ef aourd, Laplau's Do us ouot propaubg
lerheagnitii 4g hutu
Spyeutral loheun
2 Wau opts Huygen A pnnujlu,empond ael Sputtal Bohaunu
wo ftht,

tefoAn

S Cntfohetn

6 Drout
Fraunhofe dfautn

Frenl
 AVE OTION. Date
Page.

awe matum ia Foun diutuuhanu h tauels Hmaupt

aneLOustd mAoluim du to peatid peiidi roki ch
DAticlls ahout theL MDn tun
uh hat ha duusen
handd ou om terteu bo te Gthri uitout y
Otuh
TVPEJ ataD
e Ohanlal woues/Elasti wau
Can bprvcuuLed and peerajati CcLu peLuy Hhiraup iatuun ad
nyi matiiual meaubn.
QereAattol Heuyt- mehanta t) 9enuatz turnu eluubtot
Qluluduton Oleildor
e mLhantL-wuy fU) vetehy olho ngaehe uaue
C
NP Nue
uh, T: Tenkien aA med aloked u PTmrthu
peimablh
pt enupy Hord hy 1) elemtal eny hr ad
Jecnun T nd ktJheuy f.magui epy threu "

Notwre C uloues
Tanw
n H _patices Hhe maaluun
ubrat ahout thiu Troup
n hedinectn at sut Onglu o A
Propo 0t wau e moLemat e bug ef a guitaug
oholar,
uoim 1 membas
 VN
Paopetaiy Tayusu tuaus
pouhclo metiHh to Hhen
' lasticiky by wiu tehict
poAtun aten heurg duuttrbi

ane momunltu ouhoot he muan pordun

)enRky ; midumn duuity mcuhy unufoum
Fnotun het pewrttcl shoud be mib
hen

b)LovnGutuona caues
whon partrtles
whn miclumai 2uRut SHM Chout thai mean poda
ws puepegatej an he ouivtiun motin t
unfhat he
pertticliy, t as Khoun a Jongttudhal wau

Sumwiarpropeat
R 7Copremn
Ravufractn
Longitiduial
etnyh
peuttley ytoate )mouin aduet
peuhtle wwbat m
1. leelum peaelt p tun
Ougls to Hot ueUA Pegalu thatuaau
t) C , touy au alleuahd u eompreuns Qd amfalium Tu2
ateunatuuely
femad te Lold,
u Fomied ay m Aoud andl tH) md n any neclum
Juguid fare
Tocunue aiplanumot bauly| tu) No anue dupla
h usauul
U) No pTem han
)Con be piolaind. V1 Co4b otauid
 Date
SPHERIALWIAVes Page

Wausn whuth Jou all pectrek gHa

mauwn uibratiey h lain phauau Ahus
Poun ont iounu beauu
all uun peints, qusutant frn ha point

PLANE WAVEJ
Aunall par a phwea
a ditant
wnnt.
ugal fon Louwg
Jght uil apPpea plahe unuRft cdveypmdi Lae
u bu pane w
wbatuns alltte panttkles sf hguin mduin ae
tuckea eto a angle planeth eaue, moti u termd ay
pane

Pontrcl ulbciby.
t lorily poMMd by a peuutrcee s ha 0 t eueutty
e une
SHM ahut its mia poAthn dntri4 hprcpegaiun
t mal at man ponun and ün at ejctreme pojd
olttpkeutmut,
Y

Wau elvity Phan uuloriy hu

prgocMA Hreg
t te eloiby wLfh untn #a wau
eduim
Mloue ueloiy

Cw Ongul fegua
K utue
 Bequny
An, W 27
K

27A
wae ulleiky = Coef trie
Cf dplaumut u
eL ploune uaue
wanl uelcity he uelbtiay cfwNCh
aduanes un"cauta plau
(uwt-ku.)
So, whn pha
Cphau) = .
cumtut

w-k Clt
-K olu
d

Gyoup veloriku
uelouiy
anamttea
ut Au
AkO Ak dw
 Date.
Page

Rlaein bet 9roup anol Lue wlerity

A V dw d (Vpk) Vt
dk
V t k duP

Vg p 2z_d) K2
V Vpt1 dv

Vp-2 dup
da
a) Nomal dimpuun en olup tue a vp

by Ananoliuu olipevnn; Wha dup =

e
o Non-dipeuie msesn R Vp O Up_».

LANE PROGRefSIVE WA
a) EQUATION
COMce a
haunonò ue teiellung uuh uclecty
'alen tue oie cinn X- CLLues
At tt t, dlplamnt a panHee >t
uiuwE
amutkud Utbrata
her 2

anpla uelecity

Fou a porohcle Cat O P te phae lap wt patel

he olUnpecihneht panntde out-P
 a un (wt-p) pothdHu
whe
An,

y a Aut2
Ap w23
T
aRun

at A
t

velociky pandtclu
M, V=

Thum y a vt-u)
egu propemui Cunple haunm uru
Ih u h plne
taueuny olctu - auWS
X-als
Then
.9 asin 23_(VEtu)

ALnatiey:
a) y ah 27(
b y a Rh K ( )
C)
a kin t
 Date.
Page.-
-C)
PHASE AND PHAJG DIFFEREN
a Phan 4 Hat phwal quantiy whch napruaneg
iutantounou umannt ahel dunettan motn
wbHarn paicle

bPhoann o-ffeenu Phau offeunta PêINHy AeraC an

a oe The otutfeuen fHa two phaes i caslsa
phaae

Pham o n 2x x ah dupunea,

3
2 g tirme ne
Dettol eguahi ebue Motun

.we get usireiby _panhde

DI rEt
V ol 2z cos zVt)

y auh 2x (vtru)2xy
Now
C = 2 a co 2x (vt-)_
aln A
Agan oltf wrt
Q 2 (vt-uJ

om ud L e
 cuhne
wmw oa-Longitdnal LD
auin (wt-u i
rnd ntatanous chane in
P -
Kds
pun a
-
pOuAt

maolua.
wheu K bk edulusg f elaet.
t. 'u', ue

.
w
DHHequhO
d aco(wt-kn)
du
ad ue Gett
emD tosCwt-Ru
P K ka
P- kak alwt-R) K
na miduim of butk eloutt'u
Aluo, Longdiuduial tau wlotk
ard dlunwb

.
V

K Pev
equh umt
Ka vcos (wt-Ru)
K
A V
P wavpt (wt-Ku)
P QUuWP os wt-Ku)
FOA P-Pmau co wt-ku)= 1..
Pman avusp 23havp
Hnu, L P Pnau co Cwt- ku)
 Date
Page
htnie tumy Promue-
A I2 apy
I 4z'napy
2pv
But Pras 2AnaUp
Hne, m
D2

2Pv
tHRQua epmuu-onpltds.
ane h huufae muu
.
ate was uauy uhuh a
ongiti oval ond haniine waus.
waue tha uinls GenuatiA hy CEcelencctd man

nb yq a wauL ard oun euprumn .Giue thenlata

frit
.Deno
beueen tenuy ouno preu ounpliiude 9 a wuu:
Anu enlty a wcu u
cntut 2ny fiou penut
tuneHhmeiyt- it Oua peynnelrcule to he oluecin

Dedotolby L

Relatun het ctnuihy C)

cuo DAntanne ncunu (
Relatunn Kreu'Anplituol ya
bet IntenikDaidruaunuy
-a "wa ounplitude a , n» prepagatry Auh a

Apeeol V h a micuuim aleni P hon,

Lnty wu 2 na*pv
'ad V' ce Ccndfaat
Then a2 ColL n Aqtau onpluh
e- a) nttnu Euwau ioleiety Propctumal zothe t
 Dutngih bet Ripples ae Gauib auL

A i) The uelority uauns foueA on ha.unfeu dud

Aufaue
ea 4
au ccoet auKe
gouwnd y he for 9pauih
th udud
unuelent chan achitiiol ualu
uay Loge
cwtth à chaactvitkt af huid, ten hoi ueloci nai
9ouund rautyCuc grauit a u Aply
CalleA waue
uauulenyth Amaullen Hah he cttical
hewu
ualu hen the wtaw tunuun Jbuomu moe uoutant ih
diuding H uleiky, The wauwheh au
Colld uupplu,

Defunie
Dalure particle ah waue veloiiy anktn attuh betueei or
Ann Peuttce uelbuit thiuelority d pasctulu ef nedia at an
ntantt , a a prrgrume Lae ved hrouy mdtà
uuth wnth a pregreiv tuu
thvltily
aes
Relottun A cnplaunment parhilu 0f anyuHant i
Ah Cwt-K)
Now, Pauhitle velrtiby = Vp Aw Ccojwt-R«)
=

AAUZDTRYTTny DAMP d AK(coI wt-kuj

W

Pron D anel
VP Aw Ccowtfki)
-AKCoiuyt-ku

But waue Uelrtiy

K.
Reotn betueen pechcle ael ua utecat
VoVw dt
d
 Date
2 Velocitj culaue_ Rage

. Dhemlu tou weluty f Han uuut Ohy a nhdthd miy

Anw A Mt nuau item cluanetn uho lnyt i uu
guet heth k aluanoter Tdeal amn hai
wnite my thoujl.ou
u) peeu wtelty teZio nigadie
|uy

uppou E Tnun m Am

Fou an elnent Ponthe

Mcthed Amf
F
hon hi elunet T

whe lut elenn P@.

lo, ouu cn dm p Udu e
qb
amad
Co coso 1, Tuw$ Ts

Now nuforce on ellnsnt 50ca

=Tan 2 - Temtb

T Ltan d2- tan PiJ udu y

 T as(
dy
eguatra
tHh e
duHental
CCtual lquatua
Hhu equdtuh
cEpeuy
utue hotu ol

orgilusural eauaad geús

Neuwton'o -fomula for pc
Laplau's ob-uuetuineritE
ACund
A, A4, elerity
N
BuK mduu -elahay

Pounaityhe mseltim
Newtm prepod Hct POLLhd uwau propepat dh au
uhethounally t&temp JMnei Citu
APphy Beyle' to
P COtan+
Pdv+ NdP= O
 Date
Page

oe u a

A NTP 7 P o13 X10 N/ht

29s 129sky/i
V 1.013XIos 2O ml.
293
But euperemntally Rhe ualue q 4eundl cui at NTP n
a found te be 332 ml Thiy hui iy me dhcupenty
Nlewtns femula wch wa moxed by laplaL
LAPLACE'y' CORPECTION

Aceodup hu propozatttn Aeunc was gavi i

Qdibectw phuntrnunn chounaA becau Empruna
an ho
Qundl apattn ga t 40 uapicly he
OCe aat
em-premn a
procduueeoun+ go to mcwncleips olnus
hatJO Cn't come wmouhdenpsS cluui arspautai.
m

heat
Mououn gelui ane alio heed coolultr
Ln Qduabahe rrecon.
Nov
PVY Cut whe. Y
VYolP + PY Vd "0
7 YP dP
dlv
YP B
oS6, Velori_Atund, V PY
N
, *V cen0ut
AtNP mecllfecatwn n
to 332m/s.
Neutas mule C ut
Kance, Lerau's
 uaue an a d a
Cupromn for velrity a legitudual d ap
A
wlority eue

ulerity nadudn

Cohedeu a la ule o Orb-Aeetuad ata a

Fbund uaue Lonpi tudua waue)
mouehf d tue ollitin gp
-alne
upth the tuseLet
V eltity *e acud tun
medudm uuproul t
A and B be tuwo cou-utturiv ttuhe cund he
meu n-X cuethn Let A Compod tw nomnal dnuy uol
coens punel žD #re Hqun CLolnsatim o
at pemut, dtuwky asel uelruby nudun at A IGV
=Bp,
at B1 P Pi aol U
aup
per Aue = avp
OA
Ma d meduin Unte.
ol auh B pe me afi.
olurty e meduum cunutu
mou miduum cDMP ctn 4 ool Bpen Me au eud

VP VP
Nouw ay a snguin eonolnuatm , nu wl he highes
houn homa dunibj a A,
PP
VLV
Now mmetum mclum entun pu ALL CetA' my
Jealury Bp mVi
Do, ChOni m munentum
 Date
Paga

premn
FoRe applid FCaui CaPL -P)
Nor, Owdihp to lnd Nutn
(P-P)a = mv-mV mv(L- V)@
Ao m a vp anel VièPo
V
CoD PL
we get
Puttin Hhe 'ualuy in D
(P-P)dAVY
VP=/ P-P
LGDpJ:
Nlcuw,
et te_ Coep. alautteih g meduutin
Co G Decizu in Penuu
Chaun

V- V
V

6= PPL PL-P
(Va-V/v) (f-1/
ualue f6 h epu pak
Puet
v2P 6

Htst uelory 4" onphicdi udeney hctuuin

*a- necuim
oLepero
 OPTIC
WAUE
uthanaghetet unuy,
Prapatil
)
fm mhe uauyui eucma
elCmod aol Mashtiw Picde aoma
Popaaty Aelodi ae
N

eupnal! tular aCh Chor,Qne

Qno the 2
pepat
he adlchor
prdua acelyatrd. chanpes
on *qu Qnymdyim to popae-to
u)
ore Amu EM:uleity C 3uu
xMIof

ukwal hhduin C

Obuy prinuple lupeupotdun

Roctd. amptitud elene, ardmagnctweldA n À Oua
COntot'

Den wueChOunol hu cuonype

Tke utar aucued a cunte upi uu

brabi th he An
phae d euluth COnutwphau calle
'waw
TVE
*
SphetalA: n cau4 pent a Aphekal Aeurs
Cyuidhital; tuhean Aouu lj
+ ylisn
(C) Plon malt pondvtn hon Aphenwa on
Aphuveal
 Date
Page.

Q Hgenls Pninupl
An TA Pnnetla
Accodh to h pnuw, eaun ound eu p-ountj n
puma wu pat behaue Acue Leconday
tvauelit

Dno Pnhupu

waulut bbhauej ah enuelepe for the endayg

uauelet

Coheune @ Coherent Aeuus g ijht

Arn
OUUUtuned aintuntente wv Jetents Leunay
Loht nuwt nitwaues uhuth kaue alwa a ecnttunt
pha dutleunu beuceen en ulAOu au Calte

Cohnene; the miauL ¢he bliky uo uwaues

TVPESL
C Tenmpoa Coheont
Rlatol t phan olHen ppeuaiA
-Mauroules OLuer au Aperteo th dukaune
CLocttial on Ta cohewnu ),
b| Spatia Coheni
Lholucais hew Opect
parhor ame ADwu Can he lotateel.
wd kge
 4 INTER FERENCE

Aeunn
hn wo ph wauu hauuy Jam arptitua uniek
enne
Qnd Rame phau o a corutant phane o riou da
melin
use play a wwenin that miaduim he alteunatidau
pheumun
Ond brugh
eallid nbnefeunte lykt

nteunte her he Cet

Contructue o botp d-onaume
falls ont tr rouug of he lund 'wnue unltoy u

Jhoua QmpliHude and it enity ug* at tat peint tb

bigt fing
Detnuctue Jtoeaenu, jd nen. he

u qolak buhoni cLnplltud Onol

Pha n 2 23 Pan den

. Eon
antelerena
Yorg's doubte Mit eupenhrert aneobtain he Cmoln

S 7N
 Date
Page

bU two Cohunte Aluuu up 2epetRA

oltane 2d Pet, ba
P: *ouhfeunet el Avun fom Cehurut At n.
Klou Lat 0 k he fot 4 halr
obun ome,thi nid-peit
avet S2n e lei Hat O o
quuicliutard fren arel Si,
So, path dupean et polht O zno
Doauw S M anol N Lr w SCLthre Sr oset S.
Fo a poL P ot a olukant y pom
p y -d and PN=y td
L A S2 PN
Sa P CSN) tPNJ? 74h
D+ (ytol)"7*

BLAcmal Thoem anol hegtletty hphen eun a D7y cnd,

(y+d)
.
SP D +y+d) D+ 2D
20
Cuhilauly m A SP us hau.
SP Dt y-d)* 2D
NOW Pa eufkrene -4 : ' SP -Si Pp

bt(ytd- B-(y-ct)
2D
2D
[ ytcl)*- (y-d)) - 1 U+0dt
2D 2

[Z-24) 42y4G
 Hanct Pha Hen 23o
S
1 Pascian of Bneght 1) Pontos Dek
o Bng t
path oltfatnte Fo cak peah jeuu
ut b an eucon mulitpL mut oid hultpls ha
halhe uautleryH He cunuelerg[AlzJ
2d (2n-a
D 2
wheu n 0,1,2,3 he L2 3
y C2n) Da
hD 2c
For nt bngh
hnDa
2d

Fringe uockt.C B): Dratani 2eth two conetlttue bng nge aa2.
CouLutui olauk
(a Brigldbirye
t hdy ae ctateænte
w brglt pomO,
y
n
(nt)D-h
O

ntl = 0+) Da. TRcn.

2o
20l
nt -(
(n+D2- nDa
2d 20 D2
20.
20
 Date
Page

Diuwn Ampitucll V Punuwn wauu tront.

a
Thueuwo methods obtauuy
Au Cohent Aouwuus ug ue
wo oluyfut clayu L nttfuune Phunonannen

Diun gAmlltudu
In Hui ellW, wa frtnt oyinahij Lntii clas, amptutuse cEnunuy
em CUÁmon Arun dusltd beam y dOniled rto two Bt moL|
oto two pesti by enployj pent eutor y pentral rafletiin
e efcukeh
Thewo waut nt btunuA Thee dtiucdid t Dauel
ioma Arple wtu t tawel dtfnt pet ond anturally
CiALal duhtnien cunal aiu brouy fogth To predue
-
finolb breupt togtthen htefne
zute untefunu Thiy clan equiu brrad i*
ThucaM uquiu emnentiay
imall Rowrus e, pouit cuwnu Lewton unsa at uchelun'
*u ka
Devece uwd aw enl wnterfeente wheu Pabry-Rot
bipnun Lloyel mbner et |uiteneit ij eq 4utHpla been

unteufeen

Feml'A 1B4uhm anel #heouy te cbtaun cunelenh pem A

S
K-a
D-
uel bapun j d t obtan tuo coheuht douL!for rouig
ttene ingu the laboratey o .co oFtwo autd angd
Puan u Hhot bes in cenatt oLtttal prmctth
ab0utt ki 179
bepn

Cotickol a a igla Pru oobtu anple

ha mainuy wd oupl ae O'S ech
jilumunalzd by mokac
S a nauow uetieal
alt
Lnthetg.
The pt Benthe ts-allouetad el mnthrealy
cuuth i efpaitujf- eclgt t uhun bg+ fal
on t bepr
it i btnt "dpuand oa
oceppeats to
S oeeM, houf-of hebipru
imilanly heught rom S fald
comefom Si
priri ppean D cO pem S.
The
Cn uppe hef e he
e

uwvual unaguSane S2 act a uo cohehent AcUn.T

cene AS d BSP
avuengung om Si
anl Sa au
Auperunoud Qnd ntefene fs auu ommeel tin.ha
Cuelapruylgun Al3 on a Aorun plaLud at O

huoy pouit equžteunt bon Siarel SL

".atbeunt O wituit monl

uwuclth t dwtanu bl-aytwo o0mauti ake

ad wrl
Cw D: Dtcnee bet Lou
wcusnp
2ol cepeuatwh beth ou
SCunel Si
And,

2d.
n: 0,2,. ).

C) Chel, 2,
 Date
Page

hrom equk O

D
Diteanuy but Beprm OundLloyd muvor fiy
n
Au. biplam ecmplu_peuttoun gakgu aptwid utl
in loyel munuói oiolihaily ton on- ha H
Coptutedrm ias j uisabe Cuhich dem nclude th
contalrye. Deu by uitotducubn of-a hin plate e mite

l|n he peth
,
cuut ays the Cuntvi piig {alsy ot
He Cau peen ) cluplaud uanslu o t Coplt
wh
muvuo it
2. n biphun CRnball frge is br'git tuhile sn oyd's
clauk
he cuted fnhe y wtite i bipnnn tuie
3 lethuhitu iplt
ban n Lloyd m
n Bipnnm nnpe wtelt B D2/2d lame ter al
ped ecohe 0wn. tneoLleyel's muien 2d à dftet

ouffunt for uhu peuy s cthiA JOnee ai,

n Bipmum, condiHo maNU'ma Qd muntma
G
Pam difteney A 2n2/2)fmaema
A(2n-1) (/2) mhima. aueune
But n Lloyels no pau cdtiunce z Cou puth

ntrceuiiuo a beam pem whtual Acwnue ctueto

2
mune Hence, COnciw nuia Qnd
eutun t
maura
. NeuHon'd surg seleckd uat and ty
applieoctuis

A Noustonurpi oaouau i ploueod

q ane cdus
un a plan cChues pah
Lunn

2an plati » a huin fslm o uahA heckho

cohtat twltn a uey Mna aha peut
Te trnAs tHh tum
i ebtauid
COntaut anol thCh ncdualy sheuass as u prvce2o Ltuals n
uuadgo Anape.
pount
cetat mfoudh Te aui whi
AhcaUaL4 ta
Th tu dbuuwl uit h on Cicela . Thou Cu y
paue ucHoucpe ouuwel the autm
Jouw
m
ahuwslon' ovgl
O R

S 2R-t

AIR FLA
XP

Cu elm fmd * plOndtonuel lnu ad he lau plo

Tne al 2 ati neflutd ntetemup hayn coelr

to an in colen yP
nom.
,
Heu, h=0
y uedje
C Cnt9)
C
-
hculene).
ueuy dmak
1
eHeutu peit oloteuhes 2ut A

hwch condtoton muhumum ihnn

Hnt Cunhal ot th nirsy dak
 Date.
Pag?

The corditon mous itunaty en bmght nu

,2,3
2ut-2 l, 213**

ut 34 (2vt)
Anol COrolitu mún tnity
2ut-a (2n-) a
=
2 hA. h: OrI,23,3 e O|

ho a bnght ol dauk uj But heu h e cuicle

avi fn |
JsTus ponj_JuuugHhe Aane hickue a uutt
iy obe at the_point cOutaut: Hente he ih au
Coua ung

Diamettn e dauandbn'sht u
LL y
a panocohueu lnsR pauLd an glau plati E
n kp. (b),
aclily Cuued
uuth a pcit cntak et be #
etm at pcut P
U e
hom p-opuby s Cldt,
anol Ho Huckhes
AP NAB 04
panui #oyt
X
AF -P.
Buef AB AP 1: Hads
Anol OA PH = 6
tC2R-t)=2RE-t
ren Fre ()
atualptude R 77?t
tmay hegitcol h Ceuunn to 2R
2 Rt
t R
2
Fo Bngzt frirge (2n-a nal2,).
Puaty t 2R
PuA h equ"0 2t
2po (2n-1)
C2h-1) AB

AA

Hn
hiy
2
alenotz Hhe naduiy
C2n-aR
n* M -
2 Ru thh Hh= O
H cluamote q n b
Alo D i
C2)aR
o. equ be
2
Dn=2(2n-)aR -O

No o av m
Dn 2(2n1) AR
Dn 2AR,(2h-1)
Dh' K 2h-1 . uthe k- 2aR Y
AA, n1, 2, 3 .2 4an oddl nunmber
Thu,

Fo DauK Rerg4.
Pustu t= 72R h u 2ut=ha up
n
ZR
n-O,1, 2,3
Dh e dliàm Oz nh dauk inp
An Dn/2
J
 Date
Pag2

Fo aun flm L
naR
uhswe k=\4a8
hu ho diainebiy uccmiu dlak Jnpsoe prenin
natiasd huabe

APPLICATIONJ
Mauwmentguaolenytn!
D Dn nAR
Dn 4R
Cuei Ole Pn . Mianuu hij lepe asst R a
Aphotonela by boy A ethora Waulirjt A can hedikes
A Aw, Diamst Dn 4naR
u (n4p) Dntp 4(h+p)AR
Dntp Dn 4pAR.
DntP Dn
4pR.
2 Deteunuàih Repechu lhdu
b
adutumued
Auol
u t plac bett le
LWqud hou Jlfeuhue roleu
Cue the ai plale A, Dn*= 4hAR
Stmilauly, fo hp ur
4nt)AR/u
Dnt
toDntP Dnu4pAR/u
-
4p2R.
a m i. uhh stuel, Dntp -Dn=
b, Dnt - Dnaui
CDnte-Pnu
 NUETeA
INFERD
helaon'4 Ifpuometts
(mauuina) brnght fnn
or Contmutuir intrfeunu
A = 2n na
Pa
2tcoj nA

For ceinleua ntfeunu (muuna )> dakf*

Path duteunat 4 = (2n-1)}:
2tt01n - (2-1)

2t cihkanu bath2mimord
Dekerunaa an Wautanta
2
N
sht 7dtanu

Dekeuninakan i ahin -HIn

2 2(u-1)b
(u-1) t
*Fabry- Peuot Lndnomats
Remtant lntnw aay pk - I =.(L-R:T
osik etunu 1t 4R an

on man nteniy n d/2 0 »

n
2na.
2zn O. 2,5
So Imam T
CL-R)
Fon mun ntnabySt 2= J (2n+1)

T TL
+R)2
-R
 Data.
Pag?

Chditzins mauunun pah

al|
co
dit
2t -
ha,
Cerdcher minwinun De denu
2 Fuo 9 (2n-1) A/2.

b Meteuminatn Waueiu
2= 2(Mz-4)

2 mouabli blat mouesd fL poutienU n

2 n f tngu apai af canT dus to mous
 6FRAUNHOFTR Drfooebuh

RaAcuua Pouaw a Tolucep.

cluaue oobiuth.
elenop i a dtute wd w cdoiee
abiliy o Ancntt umapy

Kaeluu_2ouR leleop
omten jont obiuds Altuatid cou to U othen
wd
hectru e the
objcbs tushou una ju nolud by
b hy Onple callnd Jumt HeLolutu_a e toltnepe
Jlop..
uaue q aglt ughn he HRAOlUu poe t
Srvallhe h q astsarerd .Junit ruoluem
*ieuq Thu,
Th etprotal
peu he
cellrd gomuutal susoluug

M Cenhal mauinuin
dul to b

Le AB bjehiuu dHa elaop

P= du'tant-an ncliy ou monochroai, unwdlpt A
he obiut-u ditant uaufcn nudent on t 6bjLeta plou
A
ma onecliiacliaéacenu
nd Chjest
cetth at
a M
patter enndka ¢ catol
olitfrattuin
uouhdd hy allnat olauk adl bry
bnght

Ngw, Fit mn q duffrautun patleun ql P uul ui atN alcry

luiettin guen y

7 Ch- a
a A o i uny wnal.

.a
 Data.
Page

Dn aciual praksw 222

anodher duurt atur Q cloy to f.
nau.
a a vnajo ef dipathn
patte COnuting iy aphol ot M.
Low a i the Qnge subtardid b Fand at th
Obiutui hn
a =1.22Ab
ut uuolutn tolesepe e= 1.22A
Renee9ALAAung poue kelasupL
1-22
Dokeumunatuin elnit Rucuith
olz dukcunu beth Mit onca
Dz dukeunua- bet otajechue anel At ACL

ol/D
hy alo guwy ut e uitrun munimiun coyla

atwhecn Heuolutuvn otcwnd

Lmit uouctun Ala.
/a iLYA onth plat H
pn hols On Cud ntedd f
Jurinit reiolutuun 1-22
D
LLEBE
itt 3