GARDEN CITY

Three Magnets
Ebenezer Howard’s ‘three magnets’
POPULATION & DENSITY

• Compact Town 1,000 acres, 1.5 Miles in Diameter, Middle of

6,000 Acres of Land, 5000 acres Dedicated to Agriculture.

• Population of the Town 30,000 , Density 30/acre.

• Agriculture Belt Population 2000, Density 2 / acre.

• Maximum Housing density 14 houses / Acre ( Family Size 5.5)

LAND USE

• Zoning:

1. Public Buildings and Places Of Entertainment Centrally Located.

2. Shops Intermediate.

3. Factories on the Edge

ECONOMIC BASE
•Economic Base- Industrial + Commercial+ Strong Linkage with
Agriculture.
• SOCIAL STRUCTURE
• Social Composition Mixed.

• NEIGHBOURHOOD
• Each ward (1/6th Of The City, Population 5,000)

• Neighborhood -Physical Proximity School, community Centers.

• Houses of Different Sizes but with Gardens and within Easy

Reach of Factories, Shops, schools, Cultural Centers and Open
Spaces.
•REGIONAL PLANNING
•Planned agglomeration System of Cities Connected by Rapid Transit
System.
• Over spilling Not Allowed, New Town to Be Built after 30,000
Population.

• INSTITUTIONAL BASIS

• Layout Of The Town To Be Planned In Advance

• 6,000 acres Under Single Ownership (Govt., Quasi Govt., or Co-operatives).
• Development to Be Controlled By Leases Limiting the Use of Sites to Their
Purpose.
• Limitations on the Number of Shops, Additions to Be Based on Popular Vote
or Local Option.
• Concept of Leasehold Important To Realize the Value of Land.
•INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS
•Town Country integration.

•Planned Dispersal

•Limit to Town Size.

•Neighborhood ( Physical And Social)

•Unified Land Ownership.

•Leasehold Rights.
•
•Green Belt as Controls.
• Carrying Capacity Concern-Green Belt/ Agri. belt.

• Economic Base- Self Supporting System

• Proper Use of Physical Planning Principals.

• - Functional Zoning.
• -Density Controls.
• -Control and Design.

• Balance between Social controls And Individual Freedom.

• Concept of Single Ownership by the People/ Co-operatives

Revolutionary in the Age Of Free Market.

• Politically Autonomous Decentralized City / the State.

•PROCESS

• Public Ltd. Company.

• Infrastructure Development.

• Cost Recovery.

• Transfer Right to Co-operative/ Institution.

• Local Management- Including Finance.

•FAILURE
• Financial Problem: Difference Between Financiers/State,
Depression 20s-30s.

• Change in the Direction of the Movement of Population-Region

City Movement to City Region Movement.

• Technology Change.

• Misinterpretation Of Concepts By The State/ Promoters- Became

Synonymous With Satellite Towns In Later Date.

• Assumption- Similar/ Uniform Human Aspirations- Ignored

Diversity.